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Lu C, Gutierrez-Bayona NE, Taylor JS. The effect of flanking bases on direct and triplet sensitized cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation in DNA depends on the dipyrimidine, wavelength and the photosensitizer. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4266-4280. [PMID: 33849058 PMCID: PMC8096240 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are the major products of DNA produced by direct absorption of UV light, and result in C to T mutations linked to human skin cancers. Most recently a new pathway to CPDs in melanocytes has been discovered that has been proposed to arise from a chemisensitized pathway involving a triplet sensitizer that increases mutagenesis by increasing the percentage of C-containing CPDs. To investigate how triplet sensitization may differ from direct UV irradiation, CPD formation was quantified in a 129-mer DNA designed to contain all 64 possible NYYN sequences. CPD formation with UVB light varied about 2-fold between dipyrimidines and 12-fold with flanking sequence and was most frequent at YYYR and least frequent for GYYN sites in accord with a charge transfer quenching mechanism. In contrast, photosensitized CPD formation greatly favored TT over C-containing sites, more so for norfloxacin (NFX) than acetone, in accord with their differing triplet energies. While the sequence dependence for photosensitized TT CPD formation was similar to UVB light, there were significant differences, especially between NFX and acetone that could be largely explained by the ability of NFX to intercalate into DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - John-Stephen Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Nardi G, Lineros-Rosa M, Palumbo F, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Spectroscopic characterization of dipicolinic acid and its photoproducts as thymine photosensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118898. [PMID: 32927302 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dipicolinic acid (DPA), present in large amount in bacterial spores, has been proposed to act as an endogenous photosensitizer in spore photoproduct formation. The proposed mechanism involves a triplet-triplet energy transfer from DPA to thymine. However, up to now, no spectroscopic studies have been performed to determine the interaction between the endogenous compound and the nucleobase, probably due to its photolability in aqueous solutions. Here, triplet excited state properties of DPA are reported together with its bimolecular quenching rate constant by thymidine, kq of ca. 5.3 × 109 M-1 s-1. To run more reliable studies, a stable methyl ester derivative of DPA, which exhibits the same spectroscopic properties as the parent compound, is also described. Finally, DPA photoproducts are characterized. Studies of their triplet excited state properties have demonstrated that, interestingly, one of them is able to photosensitize thymidine triplet excited state formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nardi
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauricio Lineros-Rosa
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Palumbo
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Soldevila S, Bosca F. Assessing physical properties of amphoteric fluoroquinolones using phosphorescence spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117569. [PMID: 31670049 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-association of fluoroquinolones (FQ) in water would play a relevant role in their translocations across lipid membranes. Triplet excited states of these drugs have been shown as reporters of FQ self-association using laser flash photolysis technique. A study using low-temperature phosphorescence technique was performed with quinolone derivatives such as enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFX), pefloxacin (PFX), ciprofloxacin (CPX, ofloxacin (OFX), nalidixic acid (NLA), pipemidic acid (PPA) and piromidic acid (PRA) to explore emission changes associated with self-associations and to shed some light on the triplet excited state energy (ET) discrepancies described in the literature for most of these drugs. The emissions obtained at 77 K in buffered aqueous medium revealed that the amphoteric nature of the quinolones CPX, NFX, PFX, ENX, OFX and PPA must generate their self-associations because a redshift of their phosphorescence maxima is produced by FQ concentrations increases. Hence, this effect was not observed for NLA and PRA or when all quinolones were analysed using ethanol or ethylene glycol aqueous mixtures as glassed solvents. Interestingly, the presence of these organic mixtures produced a blue-shift in the phosphorescence emission maximum of each FQ. Additionally, laser flash photolysis experiments with PRA and the amphoteric quinolone PPA, compounds with the same skeleton but different peripheral substituent, confirm the expected correlations between the amphoteric nature of compounds and their self-associations in aqueous media because the excimer generation was only detected for PPA. Now, the discrepancies described in the literature for the ET of FQs can be understood considering that changes of medium polarity or proticity as well as the temperature can considerably modify their ET values. Thereby, low-temperature phosphorescence technique, is an effective way to detect molecular self-associations and surrounding changes in quinolones that opens the possibility to evaluate these effects in other drug families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soldevila
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Douki T. Pyrimidine (6‐4) Pyrimidone Photoproducts in UVA‐Irradiated DNA: Photosensitization or Photoisomerization? CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Zhu R, Su T, Phillips DL. Photophysical Properties Controlled by Substituents with Lone-Pair Electrons at the Ortho- or Para-Positions of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3156-3162. [PMID: 30900898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ortho- or para-substituents of NH2 or N-alkyl-containing lone-pair electrons were found to change the energy levels and transition configurations of the highest occupied molecular orbital for some fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics (FQs) and can significantly influence the electronic structure, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, internal conversion, and fluorescence and intersystem crossing efficiencies of FQs in acetonitrile or aqueous solution after photoexcitation. These findings provide new insights that can help in the molecular design strategies to regulate the photophysical properties of photosensitive medicines, photodynamic therapy reagents, and energy conversion materials that contain similar aromatic carbonyl structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 11111 , P. R. China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 11111 , P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 11111 , P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 201210 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2019, Jia Luo Road , Jiading District, Shanghai 201800 , P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong 11111 , P. R. China
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Aparici-Espert I, Garcia-Lainez G, Andreu I, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Oxidatively Generated Lesions as Internal Photosensitizers for Pyrimidine Dimerization in DNA. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:542-547. [PMID: 29300457 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the attention is focused on UVA-photosensitized reactions triggered by a DNA chromophore-containing lesion, namely 5-formyluracil. This is a major oxidatively generated lesion that exhibits an enhanced light absorption in the UVB-UVA region. The mechanistic study combining photochemical and photobiological techniques shows that irradiation of 5-formyluracil leads to a triplet excited state capable of sensitizing formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA via a triplet-triplet energy transfer. This demonstrates for the first time that oxidatively generated DNA damage can behave as an intrinsic sensitizer and result in an important extension of the active fraction of the solar spectrum with photocarcinogenic potential. Overall, this raises the question of an aggravated photomutagenicity of the 5-formyluracil lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aparici-Espert
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Lainez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Inmaculada Andreu
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia (Spain)
| | - Miguel Angel Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia (Spain)
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia (Spain)
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