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Zhang Y, Lu KT, Ablott TA, Zheng R. Uranium Oxide Hydrate Frameworks with Dy(III) or Lu(III) Ions: Insights Into the Framework Structures With Lanthanide Ions. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400101. [PMID: 38629889 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Two uranium oxide hydrate frameworks (UOHFs) with either Dy3+ or Lu3+ ions, Dy1.36(H2O)6[(UO2)10UO13(OH)4] (UOHF-Dy) or Lu2(H2O)8[(UO2)10UO14(OH)3] (UOHF-Lu), were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized with a range of structural and spectroscopic techniques. Although SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the same atomic ratio of ~5.5 for U : Dy and U : Lu, they displayed different crystal morphologies, needles for UOHF-Dy in the orthorhombic C2221 space group and plates for UOHF-Lu in the triclinic P-1 space group. Both frameworks are composed of β-U3O8 type layers linked by pentagonal bipyramidal uranium polyhedra, with the Dy3+/Lu3+ ions inside the channels. However, the arrangements of Dy3+/Lu3+ ions are different, with disordered Dy3+ ions well aligned at the centers of the channels and single Lu3+ ions well-separated in a zigzag pattern in the channels. While the characteristic vibrational modes were revealed by Raman spectroscopy, the presence of a pentavalent uranium center in UOHF-Lu was confirmed with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The formation of two types of UOHFs with lanthanide ions, high or low symmetry, and the structure trend were discussed regards to synthesis conditions and lanthanide ionic radius. This work highlights the complex chemistry driving the formation of UOHFs with lanthanide ions and has implications to the spent nuclear fuel under geological disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Kimbal T Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy A Ablott
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Zhang Y, Lu KT, Zheng R. Synthetic uranium oxide hydrate materials: Current advances and future perspectives. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2158-2169. [PMID: 35037012 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03916d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uranium oxide hydrate (UOH) materials, a group of minerals and synthetic phases, have attracted recent attention due to their high structural flexibility and diversity as well as their primary relationship with natural weathering of the mineral uraninite and the alteration of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in geological disposal. Due to the limited structural and chemical understanding of UOH minerals, synthetic UOH phases provide a unique opportunity to fill existing knowledge gaps through the exploration of further structural diversity and distinctive properties, as well as potential applications. Some of the latest developments of synthetic UOH phases include the incorporation of 3d transition metal and lanthanide ions, the evolution of uranyl oxide hydroxide layers driven by interlayer charge, the structural diversity of uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks, and the intrinsic driving force for the formation of diversified structural types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements of synthetic UOH phases with 3d transition and lanthanide metal ions, including their syntheses, structural diversities, microstructures, uranium valences, vibration modes, and structural and chemical complexities. It also highlights the subsequent implications of these advancements on uranium geochemistry and SNF alterations, amongst other potential applications. A further discussion on technical challenges and knowledge gaps is included to identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Kimbal T Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. .,School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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3
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Bhunia P, Ghosh S, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Ghosh A. Reaction of Cu(II) Chelates with Uranyl Nitrate to Form a Coordination Complex or H-Bonded Adduct: Experimental Observations and Rationalization by Theoretical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15848-15861. [PMID: 33078932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new heterometallic Cu(II)-U(VI) species, [{(CuL1)(CH3CN)}UO2(NO3)2] (1), [{(CuL2)(CH3CN)}UO2(NO3)2] (2), [{(CuL3)(H2O)}UO2(NO3)2] (3), and [UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2]·2[CuL4]·H2O (4), were synthesized using four different metalloligands ([CuL1], [CuL2], [CuL3], and [CuL4], respectively) derived from four unsymmetrically dicondensed N,O-donor Schiff bases. Single-crystal structural analyses revealed that complexes 1, 2, and 3 have a discrete dinuclear [Cu-UO2] core in which one metalloligand, [CuL], is connected to the uranyl moiety via a double phenoxido bridge. Two chelating nitrate ions complete the octa-coordination around uranium. Species 4 is a cocrystal, where a uranyl nitrate dihydrate is sandwiched between two metalloligands [CuL4] by the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between the H atoms of the coordinated water molecules to U(VI) and the O atoms of [CuL4]. Spectrophotometric titrations of these four metalloligands with uranyl nitrate dihydrate in acetonitrile showed a well-anchored isosbestic point between 300 and 500 nm in all cases, conforming with the coordination of [CuL1], [CuL2], [CuL3], and the H-bonding interaction of [CuL4] with UO2(NO3)2. This behavior of [CuL4] was utilized to selectively bind metal ions (e.g., Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and La3+) in the presence of UO2(NO3)2·2H2O in acetonitrile. The formation of these Cu(II)-U(VI) species in solution was also evaluated by steady-state fluorescence quenching experiments. The difference in the coordination behavior of these metalloligands toward [UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2] was studied by density functional theory calculations. The lower flexibility of the ethylenediamine ring and a large negative binding energy obtained from the evaluation of H bonds and supramolecular interactions between [CuL4] and [UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2] corroborate the formation of cocrystal 4. A very good linear correlation (r2 = 0.9949) was observed between the experimental U═O stretching frequencies and the strength of the equatorial bonds that connect the U atom to the metalloligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumavo Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India.,Rani Rashmoni Green University, Hooghly 712410, West Bengal, India
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4
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Lu KT, Zhang Y, Wei T, Čejka J, Zheng R. Layer-structured uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrates with Pr(iii) and Tb(iii) ions: hydroxyl to oxo transition driven by interlayer cations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5832-5841. [PMID: 32301456 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of two uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrate compounds with Pr(iii) (U-Pr) and Tb(iii) (U-Tb) ions prepared via direct hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide (Ln = Pr or Tb) ions with a uranyl-oxide hydroxy-hydrate phase, schoepite. Both compounds U-Pr and U-Tb show thin plate morphologies with atomic ratios of 2 (U : Pr) and 6 (U : Tb) and have been characterized by multiple techniques. The layered structures with interlayer hydrated Pr(iii) or Tb(iii) ions formed via uranyl-Pr/Tb interactions have been confirmed by synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In addition, the evolution of the uranyl oxide hydroxide layers and anion topologies upon increasing the concentration of interlayer cations by using different U : Ln (Ln = Pr or Tb) ratios has been discussed. The success in the preparation and characterization of compounds U-Pr and U-Tb with different U : Ln (Ln = Pr or Tb) ratios highlights the flexibility of the uranyl oxide hydroxide layers with respect to the incorporation of interlayer cations via a gradual hydroxyl to oxo transition. The study has direct implications in regard to the natural weathering of uraninite mineral and the alteration of spent nuclear fuels during the long-term geological disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbal Thane Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
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5
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Chukanov NV, Vigasina MF. Raman Spectra of Minerals. VIBRATIONAL (INFRARED AND RAMAN) SPECTRA OF MINERALS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26803-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Lu KT, Zhang Y, Aughterson RD, Zheng R. Uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks with lanthanide ions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15854-15863. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first two uranyl oxide hydrate frameworks incorporating lanthanide ions (Ln = Eu3+/Gd3+) have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbal T. Lu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Australia
- School of Physics
- The University of Sydney
- Camperdown
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Australia
| | | | - Rongkun Zheng
- School of Physics
- The University of Sydney
- Camperdown
- Australia
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7
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Vitova T, Pidchenko I, Schild D, Prüßmann T, Montoya V, Fellhauer D, Gaona X, Bohnert E, Rothe J, Baker RJ, Geckeis H. Competitive Reaction of Neptunium(V) and Uranium(VI) in Potassium–Sodium Carbonate-Rich Aqueous Media: Speciation Study with a Focus on High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:8-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ivan Pidchenko
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dieter Schild
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Prüßmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vanessa Montoya
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David Fellhauer
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xavier Gaona
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elke Bohnert
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Biswas S, Edwards SJ, Wang Z, Si H, Vintró LL, Twamley B, Kowalski PM, Baker RJ. Americium incorporation into studtite: a theoretical and experimental study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13057-13063. [PMID: 31407762 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studtite, [UO2(η2-O2)(H2O)2]·2H2O, and metastudtite, [UO2(η2-O2)(H2O)2], are important phase alterations of UO2 in a spent nuclear fuel repository and have previously been shown to react with Np(v). In this work we extend the study to Am(v) on a tracer scale and show spectroscopic evidence that the Am is incorporated into the structure of studtite as Am(iii). A computational study on the possible mechanisms for the incorporation of Np and Am shows that protonation of the -yl oxygen is the favoured route and the calculated incorporation energies are large and positive. The results suggest that Am is less favoured compared to Np but energetically more favoured to incorporate both actinide ions into metastudtite rather than studtite. Finally, we have shown that once incorporated, Am readily leaches into water but spectroscopic measurements suggest subtle changes in the structure of studtite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Samuel J Edwards
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zheming Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MSIN K8-96, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Hang Si
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-6: Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Luis León Vintró
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Piotr M Kowalski
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-6: Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Robert J Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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9
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Lu G, Haes AJ, Forbes TZ. Detection and identification of solids, surfaces, and solutions of uranium using vibrational spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 374:314-344. [PMID: 30713345 PMCID: PMC6358285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of uranium speciation using vibrational spectroscopy methods including Raman and IR. Uranium is a naturally occurring, radioactive element that is utilized in the nuclear energy and national security sectors. Fundamental uranium chemistry is also an active area of investigation due to ongoing questions regarding the participation of 5f orbitals in bonding, variation in oxidation states and coordination environments, and unique chemical and physical properties. Importantly, uranium speciation affects fate and transportation in the environment, influences bioavailability and toxicity to human health, controls separation processes for nuclear waste, and impacts isotopic partitioning and geochronological dating. This review article provides a thorough discussion of the vibrational modes for U(IV), U(V), and U(VI) and applications of infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies in the identification and detection of both naturally occurring and synthetic uranium species in solid and solution states. The vibrational frequencies of the uranyl moiety, including both symmetric and asymmetric stretches are sensitive to the coordinating ligands and used to identify individual species in water, organic solvents, and ionic liquids or on the surface of materials. Additionally, vibrational spectroscopy allows for the in situ detection and real-time monitoring of chemical reactions involving uranium. Finally, techniques to enhance uranium species signals with vibrational modes are discussed to expand the application of vibrational spectroscopy to biological, environmental, inorganic, and materials scientists and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Tori Z. Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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10
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Harvey P, Nonat A, Platas‐Iglesias C, Natrajan LS, Charbonnière LJ. Sensing Uranyl(VI) Ions by Coordination and Energy Transfer to a Luminescent Europium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9921-9924. [PMID: 29898241 PMCID: PMC6099227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The release of uranyl(VI) is a hazardous environmental issue, with limited ways to monitor accumulation in situ. Here, we present a method for the detection of uranyl(VI) ions through the utilization of a unique fluorescence energy transfer process to europium(III). Our system displays the first example of a "turn-on" europium(III) emission process with a small, water-soluble lanthanide complex triggered by uranyl(VI) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- The Centre for Radiochemistry ResearchSchool of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterBrunswick StreetManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Aline Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178ECPM25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 02France
| | - Carlos Platas‐Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), and Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade da CoruñaCampus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 1015008 ACoruñaSpain
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- The Centre for Radiochemistry ResearchSchool of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterBrunswick StreetManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178ECPM25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 02France
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11
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Harvey P, Nonat A, Platas-Iglesias C, Natrajan LS, Charbonnière LJ. Sensing Uranyl(VI) Ions by Coordination and Energy Transfer to a Luminescent Europium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- The Centre for Radiochemistry Research; School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester; Brunswick Street Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Aline Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178; ECPM; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), and Departamento de Química; Universidade da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da Fraga 10 15008 A Coruña Spain
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- The Centre for Radiochemistry Research; School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester; Brunswick Street Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178; ECPM; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
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12
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Zhang X, Yuan L, Chai Z, Shi W. Towards understanding the correlation between UO22+ extraction and substitute groups in 2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Walshe A, Spain E, Keyes TE, Forster RJ, Baker RJ. Redox Processes in Solid-State Uranyl (Oxy)hydroxide Minerals. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Walshe
- School of Chemistry; University of Dublin, Trinity College; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Elaine Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry; University of Dublin, Trinity College; Dublin 2 Ireland
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14
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Zhao HB, Zheng M, Schreckenbach G, Pan QJ. Interfacial Interaction of Titania Nanoparticles and Ligated Uranyl Species: A Relativistic DFT Investigation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2763-2776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of
Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of
Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of
Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry, School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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