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Du LQ, Yang Y, Ruan L, Sun S, Mo DY, Cai JY, Liang H, Shu S, Qin QP. Insights into the antineoplastic activity and mechanisms of action of coumarin-coordinated 8-hydroxyquinoline ruthenium(II/III) compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112659. [PMID: 38976937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II/III) coordination compounds have gained widespread attention as chemotherapy drugs, photosensitizers, and photodynamic therapy reagents. Herein, a family of 11 novel coumarin-coordinated 8-hydroxyquinoline ruthenium(II/III) compounds, i.e., [RuII2(μ2-Cl)2(QL1a)2(DMSO)4] (YNU-4a = Yulin Normal University-4a), [RuII2(μ2-Cl)2(QL1b)2(DMSO)4] (YNU-4b), [RuII2(μ2-Cl)2(QL1c)2(DMSO)4] (YNU-4c), [RuII2(μ2-Cl)2(QL1d)2(DMSO)4]⋅2CH3OH (YNU-4d), [RuII(QL1e)2(DMSO)2] (YNU-4e), [RuIII(QL1e)2(QL3a)] (YNU-4f), [RuIII(QL1e)2(QL3b)] (YNU-4g), [RuIII(QL1e)2(QL3c)] (YNU-4h), [RuIICl2(H-QL3a)2(DMSO)2] (YNU-4i), [RuIICl2(H-QL3b)2(DMSO)2] (YNU-4j), and [RuIICl2(H-QL3c)2(DMSO)2] (YNU-4k), featuring the coligands 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (H-QL1a), 5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol (H-QL1b), 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinolin (H-QL1c), 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (H-QL1d), and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (H-QL1e) and the main ligands 6,7-dichloro-3-pyridin-2-yl-chromen-2-one (H-QL3a), 6-bromo-3-pyridin-2-yl-chromen-2-one (H-QL3b), and 6-chloro-3-pyridin-2-yl-chromen-2-one (H-QL3c), respectively. The structure of compounds YNU-4a-YNU-4k was fully confirmed by conducting various spectroscopic analyses. The anticancer activity of YNU-4a-YNU-4k was evaluated in cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP lung cancer cells (LC549) versus normal embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Notably, compound YNU-4f bearing QL1e and QL3a ligands showed a more pronounced antiproliferative effect against LC549 cells (IC50 = 1.75 ± 0.09 μM) with high intrinsic selectivity toward LC549 cancer cells than YNU-4a-YNU-4e, H-QL1a-H-QL1e, cisplatin (PDD), YNU-4g-YNU-4k, and H-QL3a-H-QL3c. Additionally, a colocalization assay analysis of YNU-4e and YNU-4f showed that these two ruthenium(II/III) compounds were subcellularly accumulated in the mitochondria and other regions of the cytoplasm, where they induce mitophagy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduction, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I/IV(RC1/RC4) inhibition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, compounds YNU-4a-YNU-4k can be regarded as mitophagy inductors for the eradication of cisplatin-resistant LC549 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China; School of food and chemical engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Li Ruan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Song Sun
- School of food and chemical engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Dong-Yin Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Cai
- School of food and chemical engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Sai Shu
- School of food and chemical engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China.
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Martínez-Alonso M, Jones CG, Shipp JD, Chekulaev D, Bryant HE, Weinstein JA. Phototoxicity of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes bearing a thio-bis-benzimidazole ligand, and its monodentate analogue, as potential PDT photosensitisers in cancer cell killing. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:113-125. [PMID: 38183420 PMCID: PMC11001735 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes have been prepared with one bidentate or two monodentate imidazole-based ligands, 1 and 2, respectively. The complexes showed intense emission with long lifetimes of the excited state. Femtosecond transient absorption experiments established the nature of the lowest excited state as 3IL state. Singlet oxygen generation with good yields (40% for 1 and 82% for 2) was established by detecting 1O2 directly, through its emission at 1270 nm. Photostability studies were also performed to assess the viability of the complexes as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complex 1 was selected as a good candidate to investigate light-activated killing of cells, whilst complex 2 was found to be toxic in the dark and unstable under light. Complex 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity indexes (PI) in the visible region, PI > 250 after irradiation at 405 nm and PI > 150 at 455 nm, in EJ bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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Li P, Guo L, Li J, Yang Z, Fu H, Lai K, Dong H, Fan C, Liu Z. Mitochondria-targeted neutral and cationic iridium(III) anticancer complexes chelating simple hybrid sp 2-N/sp 3-N donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1977-1988. [PMID: 38205595 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Most platinum group-based cyclometalated neutral and cationic anticancer complexes with the general formula [(C^N)2Ir(XY)]0/+ (neutral complex: XY = bidentate anionic ligand; cationic complex: XY = bidentate neutral ligand) are notable owing to their intrinsic luminescence properties, good cell permeability, interaction with some biomolecular targets and unique mechanisms of action (MoAs). We herein synthesized a series of neutral and cationic amine-imine cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes using Schiff base ligands with sp2-N/sp3-N N^NH2 chelating donors. The cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes were identified by various techniques. They were stable in aqueous media, displayed moderate fluorescence and exhibited affinity toward bovine serum albumin (BSA). The complexes demonstrated promising cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549 cells, cisplatin-resistant lung cancer A549/DDP cells, cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 9.98 to 19.63 μM. Unfortunately, these complexes had a low selectivity (selectivity index: 1.62-1.98) towards A549 cells and BEAS-2B normal cells. The charge pattern of the metal center (neutral or cationic) and ligand substituents showed little influence on the cytotoxicity and selectivity of these complexes. The study revealed that these complexes could target mitochondria, cause depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and trigger the production of intracellular ROS. Additionally, the complexes were observed to induce late apoptosis and perturb the cell cycle in the G2/M or S phase in A549 cells. Based on these results, it appears that the anticancer efficacy of these complexes was predominantly attributed to the redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Hanxiu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Kangning Lai
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Heqian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China.
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Koley M, Han J, Soloshonok VA, Mojumder S, Javahershenas R, Makarem A. Latest developments in coumarin-based anticancer agents: mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship studies. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:10-54. [PMID: 38283214 PMCID: PMC10809357 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many researchers around the world are working on the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this case, coumarin is a highly promising pharmacophore for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Besides, the hybridization of this moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores has emerged as a potent breakthrough in the treatment of cancer to decrease its side effects and increase its efficiency. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of coumarin derivatives and their application as novel anticancer drugs. Herein, we highlight and describe the largest number of research works reported in this field from 2015 to August 2023, along with their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship studies, making this review different from the other review articles published on this topic to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manankar Koley
- CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata India
| | - Jianlin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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Negi M, Dixit T, Venkatesh V. Ligand Dictated Photosensitization of Iridium(III) Dithiocarbamate Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20080-20095. [PMID: 37994001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Organelle-targeted photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for the development of next generation PSs with the least side effects and high therapeutic efficacy. However, multiorganelle targeted PSs eliciting PDT via both type I and type II mechanisms are scarce. Herein, a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes were formulated [Ir(C∧N)2(S∧S)] (C∧N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) and 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridine (thpy); S∧S = diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), morpholine-N-dithiocarbamate (MORDTC) and methoxycarbonodithioate (MEDTC)) and the newly designed complexes Ir2@DEDTC and Ir1@MEDTC were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes containing thpy as C∧N ligand exhibit excellent photophysical properties such as red-shifted emission, high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕΔ) and longer photoluminescence lifetime when compared with complexes containing ppy ligands. Ir2@DEDTC exhibits the highest ϕΔ and photoluminescence lifetimes among the synthesized complexes. Therefore, Ir2@DEDTC was chosen to evaluate the photosensitizing ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon blue light irradiation (456 nm), it efficiently produces ROS, i.e., hydroxy radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2), which was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In vitro photocytotoxicity toward HCT116, HeLa, and PC3 cell lines showed that out of all the synthesized complexes, Ir2@DEDTC has the highest photocytotoxic index (PI > 400) value. Ir2@DEDTC is efficiently taken up by the HCT116 cell line and accumulated mainly in the lysosome and mitochondria of the cells, and after PDT treatment, it elicits cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and DNA fragmentation. The phototherapeutic efficacy of Ir2@DEDTC has been investigated against 3D spheroids considering its ability to mimic some of the basic features of solid tumors. The morphology was drastically altered in the Ir2@DEDTC treated 3D spheroid after the light irradiation unleashed the potential of the Ir(III) dithiocarbamate complex as a superior PS for PDT. Hence, mitochondria and lysosome targeted photoactive cyclometalated Ir(III) dithiocarbamate complex exerting oxidative stress via both type I and type II PDT can be regarded as a dual-organelle targeted two-pronged approach for enhanced PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Tejal Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - V Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Pan ZY, Liang BF, Zhi YS, Yao DH, Li CY, Wu HQ, He L. Near-infrared AIE-active phosphorescent iridium(III) complex for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1291-1300. [PMID: 36625001 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been recognized as a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment. In this work, a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared (NIR) aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active phosphorescent Ir(III) complex (Ir1) is reported with highly favourable mitochondria-targeted bioimaging and cancer PDT properties. Complex Ir1 has strong absorption in the visible light region (∼500 nm) and can effectively produce singlet oxygen (1O2) under green light (525 nm) irradiation. It preferentially accumulates in the mitochondria of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as revealed by colocalization analysis. Complex Ir1 displays high phototoxicity toward human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells. Complex Ir1 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in MDA-MB-231 cells upon photoirradiation, leading to apoptotic cell death. The favorable PDT performance of Ir1in vivo has been further demonstrated in tumour-bearing mice. Together, the results suggest that Ir1 is a promising photosensitizer for mitochondria-targeted imaging and cancer phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Bin-Fa Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yun-Shi Zhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Da-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hai-Qiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Yang T, Zhu M, Jiang M, Yang F, Zhang Z. Current status of iridium-based complexes against lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025544. [PMID: 36210835 PMCID: PMC9538862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the highest mortality rate in the world, and its incidence is second only to breast cancer. It has posed a serious threat to human health. Cisplatin, a metal-based drug, is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical efficacy is seriously limited by numerous side effects and drug resistance. This has led to the exploration and development of other transition metal complexes for the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years, iridium-based complexes have attracted extensive attention due to their potent anticancer activities, limited side effects, unique antitumor mechanisms, and rich optical properties, and are expected to be potential antitumor drugs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of iridium complexes against lung cancer and introduce their anti-tumor mechanisms, including apoptosis, cycle arrest, inhibition of lung cancer cell migration, induction of immunogenic cell death, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- School of food and biochemical engineering, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenlei Zhang,
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Zhang SH, Wang ZF, Tan H. Novel zinc(II)−curcumin molecular probes bearing berberine and jatrorrhizine derivatives as potential mitochondria-targeting anti-neoplastic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes for Biolabeling and Biosensing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:35. [PMID: 35948820 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence emission with lifetime of submicroseconds to several microseconds at room temperature. Their synthetic versatility enables broad control of physical properties, such as charge and lipophilicity, as well as emission colors. These favorable properties have motivated the use of Ir(III) complexes in luminescent bioimaging applications. This review examines the recent progress in the development of phosphorescent biolabels and sensors based on Ir(III) complexes. It begins with a brief introduction about the basic principles of the syntheses and photophysical processes of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. Focus is placed on illustrating the broad imaging utility of Ir(III) complexes. Phosphorescent labels illuminating intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and cell membranes, are summarized. Ir(III) complexes capable of visualization of tumor spheroids and parasites are also introduced. Facile chemical modification of the cyclometalating ligands endows the Ir(III) complexes with strong sensing ability. Sensors of temperature, pH, CO2, metal ions, anions, biosulfur species, reactive oxygen species, peptides, and viscosity have recently been added to the molecular imaging tools. This diverse utility demonstrates the potential of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes toward bioimaging applications.
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Liu L, Chen J, Wang MM, Huang Y, Qian Y, Xue X, Su Z, Liu HK. The cyclometalated iridium (III) complex based on 9-Anthracenecarboxylic acid as a lysosomal-targeted anticancer agent. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111913. [PMID: 35905643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
9-Anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-Ac) was reported early as a chloride channel inhibitor and was found to exhibit significant anti-proliferative activity on leukemic cells, but has not been researched in solid tumor cells. Herein, a 9-anthraceneic acid derivative was introduced into the cyclometalated Iridium (III) species to construct a novel Iridium (Ir) complex Ir-9-Ac, [Ir(ppy)2(9-Ac-L)]PF6 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, 9-Ac-L = N-((4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-4-yl)methyl)anthracene-9-carboxamide), which could accumulated in lysosomes. Ir-9-Ac showed good cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines, notably on A549 cells. Besides Ir-9-Ac could inhibit the cell colony formation and growth of the 3D cell spheroids, demonstrating the potential to suppress tumors in vivo. This design provided a platform for the design of cyclometalated Iridium (III) anticancer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanlei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuling Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhi Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang MM, Li HM, Deng DP, Su Y, Su Z. Anticancer performance of Ir(III)-based anticancer agents in the treatment of cisplatin resistant cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200273. [PMID: 35726053 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The resistance to cisplatin of cancer cells have dramatically blocked its further application in the practical treatment. The generation of cisplatin resistance was a complicated physiological process, even several mechanisms have been reported. New metal-based agents with distinct anticancer mechanisms were still highly desired. In this concept, we have described Ir(III)-based anticancer agents and the underlying anticancer mechanisms, which could inhibit the antiproliferation of cisplatin resistant tumors. This work could benefit the society to develop more effective Ir(III)-based agents to combat cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Su
- Nanjing Normal University, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhi Su
- Nanjing Normal University, Chemistry, Wenyuan Rd. #1, 210093, Nanjing, CHINA
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12
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Ferraro MG, Piccolo M, Misso G, Santamaria R, Irace C. Bioactivity and Development of Small Non-Platinum Metal-Based Chemotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050954. [PMID: 35631543 PMCID: PMC9147010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Countless expectations converge in the multidisciplinary endeavour for the search and development of effective and safe drugs in fighting cancer. Although they still embody a minority of the pharmacological agents currently in clinical use, metal-based complexes have great yet unexplored potential, which probably hides forthcoming anticancer drugs. Following the historical success of cisplatin and congeners, but also taking advantage of conventional chemotherapy limitations that emerged with applications in the clinic, the design and development of non-platinum metal-based chemotherapeutics, either as drugs or prodrugs, represents a rapidly evolving field wherein candidate compounds can be fine-tuned to access interactions with druggable biological targets. Moving in this direction, over the last few decades platinum family metals, e.g., ruthenium and palladium, have been largely proposed. Indeed, transition metals and molecular platforms where they originate are endowed with unique chemical and biological features based on, but not limited to, redox activity and coordination geometries, as well as ligand selection (including their inherent reactivity and bioactivity). Herein, current applications and progress in metal-based chemoth are reviewed. Converging on the recent literature, new attractive chemotherapeutics based on transition metals other than platinum—and their bioactivity and mechanisms of action—are examined and discussed. A special focus is committed to anticancer agents based on ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, but also to gold derivatives, for which more experimental data are nowadays available. Next to platinum-based agents, ruthenium-based candidate drugs were the first to reach the stage of clinical evaluation in humans, opening new scenarios for the development of alternative chemotherapeutic options to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferraro
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Rita Santamaria
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Carlo Irace
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
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14
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Yuan Y, Shi C, Wu X, Li W, Huang C, Liang L, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu Y. Synthesis and anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo evaluation of iridium(III) complexes on mouse melanoma B16 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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16
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Synthesis, structural characterization and biological properties of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing 2-methyl-3-{(E)-[(quinolin-2-yl)methylidene]amino}quinazolin-4(3H)-one. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Otvagin VF, Kuzmina NS, Kudriashova ES, Nyuchev AV, Gavryushin AE, Fedorov AY. Conjugates of Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers with Cytotoxic Drugs: Current Progress and Future Directions toward Selective Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1695-1734. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii F. Otvagin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia S. Kuzmina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Kudriashova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Nyuchev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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18
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Wang WJ, Ling YY, Zhong YM, Li ZY, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Ferroptosis‐Enhanced Cancer Immunity by a Ferrocene‐Appended Iridium(III) Diphosphine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yu-Yi Ling
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yan-Mei Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Chemistry No. 135 Xingang Xi Road 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
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19
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Wang WJ, Ling YY, Zhong YM, Li ZY, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Ferroptosis-Enhanced Cancer Immunity by a Ferrocene-Appended Iridium(III) Diphosphine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115247. [PMID: 34965011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway discovered in recent years, and ferroptosis-inducing agents have great potential as new antitumor candidates. Here, we report a Ir(III) complex (Ir1) containing a ferrocene-modified diphosphine ligand that localizes in lysosomes. Under the acidic environments of lysosomes, Ir1 can effectively catalyze Fenton reaction, produce hydroxyl radicals, induce lipid peroxidation, down-regulate glutathione peroxidase 4, and induce ferroptosis. RNA sequencing analysis shows that Ir1 can significantly affect pathways related to ferroptosis and cancer immunity. Accordingly, Ir1 can induce immunogenic cells death and suppress tumor growth in vitro, regulate T cell activity and immune microenvironments in vivo. In conclusion, we show the potential of small molecules with ferroptosis-inducing capabilities for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yu-Yi Ling
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yan-Mei Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, No. 135 Xingang Xi Road, 510006, Guangzhou, CHINA
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20
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Ye RR, Peng W, Chen BC, Jiang N, Chen XQ, Mao ZW, Li RT. Mitochondria-targeted artesunate conjugated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as potent anti-HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma agents. Metallomics 2021; 12:1131-1141. [PMID: 32453319 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a serious threat to people's health worldwide. Artesunate (ART), one of the classical antimalarial drugs, has recently been shown to exert significant cytotoxicity in various cancers, but its bioavailability is low. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have emerged as a promising class of anticancer therapeutic agents. Herein, through conjugation of two of them, three novel Ir(iii)-ART conjugates, [Ir(C-N)2(bpy-ART)](PF6) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, C-N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, Ir-ART-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, Ir-ART-2), and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, Ir-ART-3)) have been synthesized, and their potential as anti-HCC agents was evaluated. We demonstrate that Ir-ART-1-3 display higher cytotoxicity against HCC cell lines than normal liver cells, and they can especially locate to mitochondria of HepG2 cells and induce a series of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis events. Moreover, Ir-ART-1-3 can regulate the cell cycle and inhibit metastasis of HepG2 cells. Finally, in vivo antitumor evaluation also demonstrates the inhibitory activity of Ir-ART-1 on tumor growth. Taken together, these Ir(iii)-ART conjugates have the potential to become drug candidates for future anti-HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Wan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bi-Chun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xuan-Qin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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21
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Hao J, Zhang H, Tian L, Yang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xing D. Evaluation of anticancer effects in vitro of new iridium(III) complexes targeting the mitochondria. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 221:111465. [PMID: 33989986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes have the potential to serve as novel therapeutic drugs for treating tumor. In this work, three new complexes [Ir(ppy)2(cdppz)](PF6) (1) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, cdppz = 11-chlorodipyrido[3,2-a,2',3'-c]phenazine), [Ir(bzq)2(cdppz)](PF6) (2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinolone) and [Ir(piq)2(cdppz)](PF6) (3) (piq = 1-phenylisoquinoline) were prepared as well as characterized. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyltetraazolium bromide) assay revealed that the complex 2 exerted potent cytotoxicity against to various cancer cells lines and particularly for SGC-7901 cells. Meanwhile, the complexes could suppress cell colonies formation and migration ability. Apoptosis assays of AO/EB staining as well as flow cytometry revealed that the synthesized complexes may cause apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Moreover, the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and release of cytochrome c demonstrated the complexes could cause apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial death pathway and arrest cell at G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the complexes have significant influence on the expression of proteins which is interrelated to cell apoptosis. In summary, our studies provided fundamental information regarding the further study of the possible anticancer mechanisms of iridium (III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Degang Xing
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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22
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Peng YB, Tao C, Tan CP, Zhao P. Mitochondrial targeted rhodium(III) complexes: Synthesis, characterized and antitumor mechanism investigation. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111400. [PMID: 33684684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, rhodium complexes have received intensive attentions due to their tunable chemical and biological properties as well as attractive antitumor activity. In this work, two imidazole triphenylamino rhodium complexes [Rh(ppy)2L1]PF6 (Rh1) and [Rh(ppy)2L2]PF6 (Rh2) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, L1 = 4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, L2 = N-(4-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)aniline) have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes display stronger anticancer activity against a various of cancer cells than cisplatin and they can effectively localize to mitochondria. Further mechanism studies show that Rh1 induce caspase-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial damage, down-regulate the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl2-associated x (Bax) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. Our work provides a strategy for the construction of highly effective anticancer agents targeting mitochondrial metabolism through rational modification of rhodium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Can Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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23
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Calori IR, Bi H, Tedesco AC. Expanding the Limits of Photodynamic Therapy: The Design of Organelles and Hypoxia-Targeting Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photokilling of Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:195-228. [PMID: 35014281 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive clinical protocol that combines a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), appropriate visible light, and molecular oxygen for cancer treatment. This triad generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, leading to different cell death pathways and limiting the arrival of nutrients by irreversible destruction of the tumor vascular system. Despite the number of formulations and applications available, the advancement of therapy is hindered by some characteristics such as the hypoxic condition of solid tumors and the limited energy density (light fluence) that reaches the target. As a result, the use of PDT as a definitive monotherapy for cancer is generally restricted to pretumor lesions or neoplastic tissue of approximately 1 cm in size. To expand this limitation, researchers have synthesized functional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of carrying classical photosensitizers with self-supplying oxygen as well as targeting specific organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. This has improved outcomes in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the basis of PDT, many of the most commonly used strategies of functionalization of smart NPs, and their potential to break the current limits of the classical protocol of PDT against cancer. The application and future perspectives of the multifunctional nanoparticles in PDT are also discussed in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
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Peng YB, He W, Niu Q, Tao C, Zhong XL, Tan CP, Zhao P. Mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer research. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9068-9075. [PMID: 34113944 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the landscape of inorganic medicinal chemistry has been dominated by investigations on platinum or ruthenium, while the research based on other metal centers such as rhodium has been relatively insufficient. In this work, a series of cyclometalated rhodium(iii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline containing different aromatic rings were synthesized and characterized. Notably, all the complexes displayed stronger anticancer activity against various cancer cells compared with cisplatin. A mechanism study revealed that the rhodium complexes accumulated in the mitochondria, elevated the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and released cytochrome c, indicating severe mitochondrial damage during the anticancer activity. Further studies illustrated that the rhodium complexes caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, upregulated the expression of p53 and reduced the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated x (Bax), which ultimately resulted in cellular apoptosis. Overall, through mitochondrial pathways, these Rh(iii) complexes could induce cellular apoptosis to a larger extent than cisplatin and should be paid close attention as promising chemotherapeutic drugs in anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China. and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Can Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhong
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Education Mega Centre, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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25
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Advances in novel iridium (III) based complexes for anticancer applications: A review. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Desiatkina O, Păunescu E, Mösching M, Anghel N, Boubaker G, Amdouni Y, Hemphill A, Furrer J. Coumarin-Tagged Dinuclear Trithiolato-Bridged Ruthenium(II)⋅Arene Complexes: Photophysical Properties and Antiparasitic Activity. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2818-2835. [PMID: 32347622 PMCID: PMC7586963 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, photophysical and biological properties of 13 new conjugate coumarin-diruthenium(II)⋅arene complexes against Toxoplasma gondii are presented. For all conjugate organometallic unit/coumarins, an almost complete loss of fluorescence efficacy was observed. However, the nature of the fluorophore, the type of bonding, the presence and length of a linker between the coumarin dye and the ruthenium(II) moiety, and the number of dye units influenced their biological properties. The in vitro activity against a transgenic T. gondii strain grown in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) leads to IC50 values for T. gondii β-gal from 105 to 735 nM. Of note is that nine compounds displayed lower IC50 than the standard drug pyrimethamine. One compound applied at its IC50 did not affect B-cell proliferation but had an impact on T-cell proliferation in murine splenocyte cultures. Transmission electron microscopy of T. gondii β-gal-infected HFF showed that treatment predominantly affected the parasites' mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Desiatkina
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Emilia Păunescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Martin Mösching
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Nicoleta Anghel
- Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernLänggass-Strasse 1223012BernSwitzerland
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernLänggass-Strasse 1223012BernSwitzerland
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernLänggass-Strasse 1223012BernSwitzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernLänggass-Strasse 1223012BernSwitzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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27
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Chen J, Wang J, Deng Y, Li B, Li C, Lin Y, Yang D, Zhang H, Chen L, Wang T. Novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes containing isoquinoline ligands: Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112562. [PMID: 32698112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes containing isoquinoline ligand, [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6), (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; 1-Ph-IQ = 1-phenylisoquinoline; RuIQ-1) and [Ru(phen)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; RuIQ-2) were found to show high cytotoxic activity against NCI-H460, A549, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Notably, both of them exhibited IC50 values that were an order of magnitude lower than those of clinical cisplatin and two structurally similar Ru(II)-isoquinoline complexes [Ru(bpy)2(1-Py-IQ)](PF6)2 (Ru3) and [Ru(phen)2(1-Py-IQ)](PF6)2 (Ru4) (1-Py-IQ = 1-pyridine-2-yl). The cellular uptake and intracellular localization displayed that the two cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes entered NCI-H460 cancer cells dominantly via endocytosis pathway, and preferentially distributed in the nucleus. Further investigations on the apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of RuIQ-1 and RuIQ-2 revealed that the two complexes could cause S, G2/M double-cycle arrest by regulating cell cycle related proteins. The two complexes also could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), promote the generation of intracellular ROS and trigger DNA damage, and then lead to apoptosis-mediated cell death. More importantly, RuIQ-2 exhibits low toxicity both towards normal HBE cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. Accordingly, the developed complexes hold great potential to be developed as novel therapeutics for effective and low-toxic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Chengpeng Li
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuxue Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Dongbin Yang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Hebi of Henan University, Hebi, 456030, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Hebi of Henan University, Hebi, 456030, China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- The College of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Erkan S, Karakaş D. A theoretical study on cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes by using a density functional theory. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (Ir1–Ir4) are calculated in detail with computational chemistry methods. The calculated structural parameters of Ir3 are compared with experimental values and a good fit is obtained. IR spectra are calculated at B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-31G(d) level in the gases phase. Calculated 1H-NMR chemical shift values of the mentioned complexes are compared with the experimental data and all chemical shifts are assigned to the respective atoms. The quantum chemical parameters such as absolute hardness ([Formula: see text]), absolute softness ([Formula: see text]) electronegativity ([Formula: see text]), chemical potential ([Formula: see text]) and electronic charges ([Formula: see text]) are calculated and are associated with the experimental anti-cancer properties of the related complexes. Nonlinear optic properties of the Ir1–Ir4 were investigated with the average linear polarizability ([Formula: see text]), the anisotropy of the polarizability ([Formula: see text]), first hyperpolarizability ([Formula: see text]) values. Hole transfer ([Formula: see text]), electron transfer integrals ([Formula: see text]), hole reorganization energies ([Formula: see text]) and electron reorganization energies ([Formula: see text]) are examined. In addition, molecular docking study was performed. It was found that the molecular docking results are similar to the experimental anti-cancer trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Erkan
- Yıldızeli Vocational School, Chemical and Chemical Company Technology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Duran Karakaş
- Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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Mitochondria-targeted phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:597-607. [PMID: 32232583 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes represent a promising approach to developing new anticancer metallodrugs. In this work, three phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3 have been explored as mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. All three complexes display higher antiproliferative activity than cisplatin against the cancer cells screened, and with the IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 5.6 μM. Colocalization studies showed that these complexes are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Mechanism studies show that these complexes exert their anticancer efficacy through initiating a series of events related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and induction of apoptosis. Mitochondria-targted cyclometalated iridium complexes induce apoptosis through depolarized mitochondria, elevation of intracellular ROS and activated caspase.
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Abelha TF, Morris G, Lima SM, Andrade LHC, McLean AJ, Alexander C, Calvo‐Castro J, McHugh CJ. Development of a Neutral Diketopyrrolopyrrole Phosphine Oxide for the Selective Bioimaging of Mitochondria at the Nanomolar Level. Chemistry 2020; 26:3173-3180. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais F. Abelha
- School of PharmacyThe University of Nottingham University Park NG72RD Nottingham UK
| | - Graeme Morris
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of the West of Scotland PA12BE Paisley UK
| | - Sandro M. Lima
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Óptica e FototérmicaUniversidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul CP 351 79804-970 Dourados MS Brazil
| | - Luis H. C. Andrade
- Grupo de Espectroscopia Óptica e FototérmicaUniversidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul CP 351 79804-970 Dourados MS Brazil
| | - Andrew J. McLean
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of the West of Scotland PA12BE Paisley UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of PharmacyThe University of Nottingham University Park NG72RD Nottingham UK
| | - Jesus Calvo‐Castro
- School of Life and Medical SciencesUniversity of Hertfordshire AL109AB Hatfield UK
| | - Callum J. McHugh
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of the West of Scotland PA12BE Paisley UK
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31
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Zhuang Y, Li L, Feng L, Wang S, Su H, Liu H, Liu H, Wu Y. Mitochondrion-targeted selenium nanoparticles enhance reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1389-1396. [PMID: 31913383 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death when accumulated in cancer cells, while rendering anti-oxidation and cancer prevention in healthy tissues at low doses. Although they are promising anticancer agents with fewer side effects, their application is limited by their relative low toxicity to cancer cells. Therefore, we propose a mitochondrion-targeting strategy to improve their cancer cell killing efficiency. Such mitochondrion-targeted SeNPs could efficiently increase ROS production and mitochondrion damage in cancer cells; however, only a slightly increased toxicity to normal cells was observed, indicating a potentially better therapeutic window for anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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32
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Tan MX, Wang ZF, Qin QP, Zou BQ, Liang H. Complexes of oxoplatin with rhein and ferulic acid ligands as platinum(iv) prodrugs with high anti-tumor activity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1613-1619. [PMID: 31942585 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein designed two new PtIV prodrugs of oxoplatin (cis,cis,cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2(OH)2]), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-FA)2] (Pt-2) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-RH)2] (Pt-3), by conjugating with ferulic acid (FA-COOH) and rhein (RH-COOH) which have well-known biological activities. Three other Pt(iv) complexes of [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-BA)2] (Pt-1), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-CA)2] (Pt-4) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-TCA)2] (Pt-5) (where BA-COOH = benzoic acid, CA-COOH = crotonic acid and TCA-COOH = trans-cinnamic acid) were also prepared for the comparative study. Like most PtIV prodrug complexes, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 containing the biologically active rhein (RH-COOH) ligand against lung carcinoma (A549 and A549/DDP) cells was higher than those of Pt-1, Pt-2, Pt-4, cisplatin and Pt-5. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 in HL-7702 normal cells was lower than those of PtIV derivatives bearing BA-COOH, FA-COOH, TCA-COOH and CA-COOH ligands. The highly efficacious Pt-2 and Pt-3 were found to accumulate strongly in the A549/DDP cells, with the prodrug Pt-3 showing highest levels of penetration into the mitochondria. The prodrug Pt-3 effectively entered the A549/DDP cells and caused mitochondrial damage, significantly greater than Pt-2. In addition, the prodrug Pt-3 exhibited higher antitumor efficacy (inhibition rates (IR) = 67.45%) than Pt-2 (28.12%) and cisplatin (33.05%) in the A549/DDP xenograft mouse model. Thus, the prodrug Pt-3 containing the rhein (RH-COOH) ligand is a promising candidate drug targeting the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China. and State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guilin Normal College, 9 Feihu Road, Gulin 541001, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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A coumarin-appended cyclometalated iridium(III) complex for visible light driven photoelectrochemical bioanalysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 147:111779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bhat SS, S. N, Revankar VK, Lokanath NK, Pinjari RV, Kumbar V, Bhat K. Synthesis, structural characterization and biological properties of cyclometalated iridium( iii) complexes containing [1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-[3,4- f]-[1,10]-phenanthroline. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03421e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The iridium(iii) complexes have been structurally characterised and their interaction with DNA, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry
- Karnatak University
- Dharwad-580003
- India
| | - Naveen S.
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Engineering & Technology
- Jain (Deemed-to-be University)
- Bangalore 562112
- India
| | | | - N. K. Lokanath
- Department of Studies in Physics
- University of Mysore
- Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006
- India
| | - Rahul V. Pinjari
- School of Chemical Science
- Swami Ramanand Teerth
- Marathwada University
- Nanded
- India
| | - Vijay Kumbar
- Maratha Mandal's Central Research Laboratory
- Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre
- Belgaum
- India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Maratha Mandal's Central Research Laboratory
- Marathamandal Dental College and Research Centre
- Belgaum
- India
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35
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Li Y, Wang KN, He L, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Synthesis, photophysical and anticancer properties of mitochondria-targeted phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 205:110976. [PMID: 31926377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are expected to be new opportunities for the development of anticancer metallodrugs. In this work, two near-infrared (NIR) emitting iridium(III)-NHC complexes Ir1 and Ir2 have been explored as mitochondria-targeted anticancer and photodynamic agents. These complexes are more cytotoxic than cisplatin against the cancer cells screened, and display higher cytotoxicity in the presence of 450 nm and 630 nm LED light. Colocalization and quantitative studies indicated that these complexes could specially localize to mitochondria. Mechanism studies show that these complexes increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induce some degree of early apoptosis. Further studies found that Ir1could induce mitophagy at dark and necrocytosis under the irradiation of 630 nm LED light. The in vitro and in vivo photoxicity studies revealed that Ir1 is a promising photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent and could significantly inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Liang He
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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36
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Yang Y, Bin YD, Qin QP, Luo XJ, Zou BQ, Zhang HX. Novel Quinoline-based Ir(III) Complexes Exhibit High Antitumor Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1614-1619. [PMID: 31857836 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight novel Ir(III) complexes listed as [Ir(H-P)2(P)]PF6 (PyP-Ir), [Ir(H-P)2(dMP)]PF6 (PydMP-Ir), [Ir(H-P)2(MP)]PF6 (PyMP-Ir), [Ir(H-P)2(tMP)]PF6 (PytMP-Ir), [Ir(MPy)2(P)]PF6 (MPyP-Ir), [Ir(MPy)2(dMP)]PF6 (MPydMP-Ir), [Ir(MPy)2(MP)]PF6 (MPyMP-Ir), [Ir(MPy)2((tMP)]PF6 (MPytMP-Ir) with 2-phenylpyri-dine (H-P) and 3-methyl-2-phenylpyridine (MPy) as ancillary ligands and pyrido-[3,2-a]-pyrido[1',2':1,2]imidazo[4,5-c]phenazine (P), 12,13-dimethyl pyrido-[3,2-a]-pyrido[1',2':1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-c]-phenazine (dMP), 2-methylpyrido [3,2-a]-pyrido-[1',2':1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-c]-phenazine (MP), and 2,12,13-trimethylpyrido-[3,2-a]-pyrido-[1',2':1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-c]-phenazine (tMP) as main ligands, respectively, were designed and synthesized to fully characterize and explore the effect of their toxicity on cancer cells. Cytotoxic mechanism studies demonstrated that the eight Ir(III) complexes exhibited highly potent antitumor activity selectively against cancer cell lines NCI-H460, T-24, and HeLa, and no activity against HL-7702, a noncancerous cell line. Among the eight Ir(III) complexes, MPytMP-Ir exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 = 5.05 ± 0.22 nM against NCI-H460 cells. The antitumor activity of MPytMP-Ir in vitro could be contributed to the steric or electronic effect of the methyl groups, which induced telomerase inhibition and damaged mitochondria in NCI-H460 cells. More importantly, MPytMP-Ir displayed a superior inhibitory effect on NCI-H460 xenograft in vivo than cisplatin. Our work demonstrates that MPytMP-Ir could potentially be developed as a novel potent Ir-based antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dong Bin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Jian Luo
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guilin Normal College, 9 Feihu Road, Gulin 541001, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
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Peng W, Hegazy AM, Jiang N, Chen X, Qi HX, Zhao XD, Pu J, Ye RR, Li RT. Identification of two mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes as potent anti-glioma stem cells agents. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110909. [PMID: 31689591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the recurrence and invasion of glioblastoma multiform (GBM), which have been evaluated and exploited as the therapeutic target for GBM. Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been demonstrated as the potential anticancer agents, however, their antitumor efficacies against GSCs are still unknown. Herein, we investigated the antitumor activity of two cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2L](PF6) (Ir1) and [Ir(thpy)2L](PF6) (Ir2) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, thpy = 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine and L = 4,4'-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) against GSCs. The results clearly indicate that Ir1 and Ir2 kill GSCs selectively with IC50 values ranging from 5.26-9.05 μM. Further mechanism research display that Ir1 and Ir2 can suppress the proliferation of GSCs, penetrate into GSCs efficiently, localize to mitochondria, and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, including the loss of mitochondrial membrane (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspases activation. Moreover, Ir1 and Ir2 can destroy the GSCs self-renewal and unlimited proliferation capacity by affecting the GSCs colony formation. According our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the anti-GSCs properties of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ahmed M Hegazy
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ning Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Hua-Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Pu
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Ma DL, Wu C, Wu KJ, Leung CH. Iridium(III) Complexes Targeting Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152739. [PMID: 31357712 PMCID: PMC6696146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis is a principal strategy in the design of anticancer drugs. In recent years, non-platinum-based scaffolds have been exploited as viable candidates for the exploitation of anticancer agents with potentially lower toxicity than the widely used cisplatin analogues. This review highlights the latest advances in developing iridium(III) complexes as anticancer agents that act particularly via targeting apoptotic cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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Novohradsky V, Rovira A, Hally C, Galindo A, Vigueras G, Gandioso A, Svitelova M, Bresolí‐Obach R, Kostrhunova H, Markova L, Kasparkova J, Nonell S, Ruiz J, Brabec V, Marchán V. Towards Novel Photodynamic Anticancer Agents Generating Superoxide Anion Radicals: A Cyclometalated Ir
III
Complex Conjugated to a Far‐Red Emitting Coumarin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6311-6315. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Anna Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alex Galindo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Campus de Espinardo E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marie Svitelova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Roger Bresolí‐Obach
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Markova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Campus de Espinardo E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
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40
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Synthesis, mitochondrial localization of fluorescent derivatives of cinnamamide as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Novohradsky V, Rovira A, Hally C, Galindo A, Vigueras G, Gandioso A, Svitelova M, Bresolí‐Obach R, Kostrhunova H, Markova L, Kasparkova J, Nonell S, Ruiz J, Brabec V, Marchán V. Towards Novel Photodynamic Anticancer Agents Generating Superoxide Anion Radicals: A Cyclometalated Ir
III
Complex Conjugated to a Far‐Red Emitting Coumarin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Anna Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alex Galindo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Campus de Espinardo E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marie Svitelova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Roger Bresolí‐Obach
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Markova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Campus de Espinardo E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Kralovopolska 135 CZ-61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química OrgànicaIBUBUniversitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Ko CN, Li G, Leung CH, Ma DL. Dual function luminescent transition metal complexes for cancer theranostics: The combination of diagnosis and therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Novohradsky V, Vigueras G, Pracharova J, Cutillas N, Janiak C, Kostrhunova H, Brabec V, Ruiz J, Kasparkova J. Molecular superoxide radical photogeneration in cancer cells by dipyridophenazine iridium(iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00811j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The switch from Type II to Type I photochemical mechanism by new Ir(iii) complexes for improved PDT of cancer under hypoxia is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Jitka Pracharova
- Department of Biophysics
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- Palacky University
- 783 71 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Biophysics
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Biophysics
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Jose Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Biophysics
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
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Anticancer and antibacterial activity in vitro evaluation of iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 24:151-169. [PMID: 30564887 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes [Ir(ppy)2(PYTA)](PF6) (1) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), [Ir(bzq)2(PYTA)](PF6) (2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinolone) and [Ir(piq)2(PYTA)](PF6) (3) (piq = 1-phenylisoquinoline, PYTA = 2,4-diamino-6-(2'-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes toward cancer SGC-7901, Eca-109, A549, HeLa, HepG2, BEL-7402 and normal LO2 cell lines was investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Complex 3 shows the most effective on inhibiting the above cell growth among these complexes. The complexes locate at the lysosomes and mitochondria. AO/EB, Annex V and PI and comet assays indicate that the complexes can induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential were examined under fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrate that the complexes increase the intracellular ROS levels and induce a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The complexes can enhance intracellular Ca2+ concentration and cause a release of cytochrome c. The autophagy was studied using MDC staining and western blot. Complexes 1-3 can effectively inhibit the cell invasion with a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the complexes target tubules and inhibit the polymerization of tubules. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes against S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was explored. The mechanism shows that the complexes induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through ROS-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial, targeting tubules and damage DNA pathways. Three iridium(III) complexes [Ir(N-C)2(PYTA)](PF6) (N-C = ppy, 1; bzq, 2; piq, 3) were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity of the complexes against SGC-7901 cells was studied by apoptosis, comet assay, autophagy, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ levels, release of cytochrome c, tubules and western blot analysis. The antibacterial activity in vitro was also assayed.
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Bright lights down under: Metal ion complexes turning the spotlight on metabolic processes at the cellular level. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kong D, Guo L, Tian M, Zhang S, Tian Z, Yang H, Tian Y, Liu Z. Lysosome-targeted potent half-sandwich iridium(III) α-diimine antitumor complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Kong
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Meng Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Huayun Yang
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Antitumor Agents Development and Theranostic Application, Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 China
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Chen E, Chen X, Yuan X, Wei S, Zhou L, Zhou J, Shen J. One-pot method to prepare a theranostic nanosystem with magnetic resonance imaging function and anticancer activity through multiple mechanisms. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:5151-5158. [PMID: 28280824 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A facile and robust one-pot approach to prepare a theranostic nanoplatform, based on chelation between Gd3+ and hypericin photosensitizer (PS) and their controlled in situ hydrolysis precipitation, was developed. In this strategy, PS drugs and Gd3+ were directly used as building blocks to construct theranostic nanoparticles, resulting in a greatly increased active substance-loading efficiency and ensuring their theranostic effect. The resulting nanoparticles have multifunction capabilities for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and anticancer activity through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deprivation and heavy atom effect (HAE)-improved photodynamic therapy (PDT) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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49
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Mukhopadhyay S, Singh RS, Paitandi RP, Sharma G, Koch B, Pandey DS. Influence of substituents on DNA and protein binding of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 28640302 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of terpyridyl based ligands 3-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-7-methoxy-2-(methylthio)-quinolone, (L1); 3-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-6-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, (L2); 3-([2,2'-:6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (L3) and cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes [[Ir(ppy)2L1]+PF6- (1), [Ir(ppy)2L2]+PF6- (2), [Ir(ppy)2L3]+PF6- (3) (2-phenylpyridine = Hppy)] involving these ligands has been described. The ligands L1-L3 and complexes 1-3 have been thoroughly characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies (IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV/vis and fluorescence) ESI-MS, and the structure of 3 has been unambiguously authenticated by single crystal X-ray analyses. UV/vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies showed rather efficient binding of 1 with CT-DNA (calf thymus DNA) and BSA (bovine serum albumin) relative to 2 and 3. Molecular docking studies unveiled binding of 1-3 with minor groove of CT-DNA via van der Waal's forces and electrostatically with the hydrophobic moiety of HSA (human serum albumin). The ligands and complexes exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell line) and significant influence on HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) cells. Cytotoxicity, morphological changes, and apoptosis have been followed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay, Hoechst 33342/PI (PI = propidium iodide) staining, cell cycle analysis by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting), and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation by DCFH-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) dye. Confocal microscopy images revealed that the drug efficiently initiates apoptosis in the cell cytosol. The IC50 values showed superior cytotoxicity of 1-3 against the HeLa cell line relative to cisplatin, and their ability to induce apoptosis is in the order 1 > 2 > 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, U.P., India.
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