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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Wang D, Jahan F, Meise KJ, Lindeman SV, Gardinier JR. Silver(I) and Copper(I) Complexes of Semi‐Bulky Nitrogen‐Confused
C
‐Scorpionates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Kristen J. Meise
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Sergey V. Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - James R. Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
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Gardinier JR, Meise KJ, Jahan F, Wang D, Lindeman SV. Selective Isomer Formation and Crystallization-Directed Magnetic Behavior in Nitrogen-Confused C-Scorpionate Complexes of Fe(O 3SCF 3) 2. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8953-8968. [PMID: 31247826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complex [Fe(HL*)2](OTf)2, 1, where HL* = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(3-1H-pyrazole)methane, was prepared in order to compare its magnetic properties with those of the analogous parent complex, [Fe(HL)2](OTf)2, that lacks methyl groups on pyrazolyl rings and that undergoes spin crossover (SCO) from the low spin (LS) to the high spin (HS) form above room temperature. It was anticipated that this new semibulky derivative should favor the HS state and undergo SCO at a lower temperature range. During this study, six crystalline forms of 1 were prepared by controlling the crystallization conditions. Thus, when reagents are combined in CH3CN, an equilibrium mixture of cis and trans isomers is established that favors the latter below 311 K. The trans isomer can be isolated exclusively as a mixture of solvates, LS trans-1·2CH3CN and HS trans-1·4CH3CN, by cooling CH3CN solutions to -20 °C with the former being favored at high concentrations and short crystallization times. Subsequently, vapor diffusion of Et2O into CH3CN solutions of pure trans-1·2CH3CN gives solvate-free HS trans-1. Subjecting trans-1·2CH3CN to vacuum at room temperature gives microcrystalline trans-1·CH3CN, identified by elemental analysis and its distinct powder X-ray diffraction pattern. If an isomeric mixture of 1 is subject to room-temperature vapor diffusion, then a crystalline mixture of HS isomers cis-1 and trans-1 is obtained. Finally, slowly cooling hot acetonitrile solutions of isomeric mixtures of 1 to room temperature gives large prisms of HS co-1, a species with both cis and trans isomers in the unit cell. The complexes trans-1, trans-1·CH3CN, cis-1, and co-1 undergo SCO below 250 K while trans-1·xCH3CN (x = 2, 4) solvates do not undergo SCO before desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Kristin J Meise
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
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Wang D, Gardinier JR, Lindeman SV. Iron( ii) tetrafluoroborate complexes of new tetradentate C-scorpionates as catalysts for the oxidative cleavage of trans-stilbene with H 2O 2. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14478-14489. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02829c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron(ii) complexes of two new tetradentate C-scorpionate ligands are characterized. Both catalyze stilbene cleavage using either H2O2 or a O2/photocatalyst oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Marquette University
- Milwaukee
- USA
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Spin crossover in homo- and heteroligand iron(II) complexes with tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gardinier JR, Meise KJ, Jahan F, Lindeman SV. Reaction Chemistry of Silver(I) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Complexes of Nitrogen-Confused C-Scorpionates. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1572-1589. [PMID: 29359926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new C-scorpionate ligands with a bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl group bound to the 3 position of either an N-tosyl (TsL*) or an N-H pyrazole (HL*) ring have been prepared. The silver(I) complexes of these new ligands and the two previously reported analogous ligands with unsubstituted bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl groups (TsL and HL) in both 1:1 and 2:1 ligand/metal ratios were investigated to explore the effects of ligand sterics on their physical and chemical properties. The structurally characterized derivatives of the type [Ag(L)2](OTf) are four-coordinate, where the confused pyrazolyl is not bound to the metal. On the other hand, three 1:1 complexes [Ag(L)](OTf) had all pyrazolyls bound, while the μ-κ1,κ1-TsL derivative had an unbound confused pyrazolyl. The molecularity of the latter four ranged from polymeric to dimeric to monomeric in the solid with increasing steric bulk of the ligand. The utility of these complexes in stoichiometric ligand-transfer reactions and in styrene aziridination was demonstrated. Thus, tricarbonylmanganese(I) complexes were prepared as kinetically inert models for comparative solution diffusion NMR studies. Also, [Fe(HL)2](OTf)2 was prepared for similar reasons and to compare the effects of anion on spin-crossover properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Kristin J Meise
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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Ahmed BM, Rudell NA, Soto I, Mezei G. Reaction of Amines with Aldehydes and Ketones Revisited: Access To a Class of Non-Scorpionate Tris(pyrazolyl)methane and Related Ligands. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10549-10562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basil M. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Rudell
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Ixtlazihuatl Soto
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Gellert Mezei
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
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Alkorta I, Claramunt RM, Díez-Barra E, Elguero J, de la Hoz A, López C. The organic chemistry of poly(1 H -pyrazol-1-yl)methanes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marts AR, Kaine JC, Baum RR, Clayton VL, Bennett JR, Cordonnier LJ, McCarrick R, Hasheminasab A, Crandall LA, Ziegler CJ, Tierney DL. Paramagnetic Resonance of Cobalt(II) Trispyrazolylmethanes and Counterion Association. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:618-626. [PMID: 27977149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic resonance studies (EPR, ESEEM, ENDOR, and NMR) of a series of cobalt(II) bis-trispyrazolylmethane tetrafluoroborates are presented. The complexes studied include the parent, unsubstituted ligand (Tpm), two pyrazole-substituted derivatives (4Me and 3,5-diMe), and tris(1-pyrazolyl)ethane (Tpe), which includes a methyl group on the apical carbon atom. NMR and ENDOR establish the magnitude of 1H hyperfine couplings, while ESEEM provides information on the coordinated 14N. The data show that the pyrazole 3-position is more electron rich in the Tpm analogues, that the geometry about the apical atom influences the magnetic resonance, and that apical atom geometry appears more fixed in Tpm than in Tp. NMR and ENDOR establish that the BF4- counterion remains associated in fluid solution. In the case of the Tpm3,5Me complex, it appears to associate in solution, in the same position it occupies in the X-ray structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Marts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Joshua C Kaine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert R Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Vivien L Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jami R Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Laura J Cordonnier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert McCarrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Abed Hasheminasab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Laura A Crandall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - David L Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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