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Pfeil M, Engesser TA, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Bonding and Activation of N
2
in Molybdenum(0) Complexes Supported by Tripod Ligands with Phospholane End Groups. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Pfeil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Max-Eyth-Straße 2 D-24118 Kiel
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2
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Comprehensive insights into synthetic nitrogen fixation assisted by molecular catalysts under ambient or mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5201-5242. [PMID: 33651046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions, whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has prompted development of alternative methods to fix N2 catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes. Since the early 21st century, catalytic conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions has been achieved by using molecular catalysts, and now H2O has been utilized as a proton source with turnover frequencies reaching the values found for biological nitrogen fixation. In this review, recent advances in the development of molecular catalysts for synthetic N2 fixation under ambient or mild conditions are summarized, and potential directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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3
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Petersen F, Lautenschläger I, Schlimm A, Flöser BM, Jacob H, Amirbeigiarab R, Rusch TR, Strunskus T, Magnussen O, Tuczek F. Molybdenum tricarbonyl complex functionalised with a molecular triazatriangulene platform on Au(111): surface spectroscopic characterisation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1042-1052. [PMID: 33367415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes form the basis for small molecule activation and are relevant for electrocatalysis. To combine both approaches the attachment of homogeneous catalysts to metallic surfaces is of significant interest. Towards this goal a molybdenum tricarbonyl complex supported by a tripodal phosphine ligand was covalently bound to a triazatriangulene (TATA) platform via an acetylene unit and the resulting TATA-functionalised complex was deposited on a Au(111) surface. The corresponding self-assembled monolayer was characterised with scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The vibrational properties of the surface-adsorbed complexes were investigated with the help of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and the frequency/intensity changes with respect to the bulk spectrum were analysed. A full vibrational analysis was performed with the help of DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Petersen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Irene Lautenschläger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Benedikt M Flöser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hanne Jacob
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Talina R Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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4
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Engesser TA, Kindjajev A, Junge J, Krahmer J, Tuczek F. A Chatt-Type Catalyst with One Coordination Site for Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. Chemistry 2020; 26:14807-14812. [PMID: 32815654 PMCID: PMC7756349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With [Mo(N2)(P2MePP2Ph)] the first Chatt‐type complex with one coordination site catalytically converting N2 to ammonia is presented. Employing SmI2 as reductant and H2O as proton source 26 equivalents of ammonia are generated. Analogous Mo0‐N2 complexes supported by a combination of bi‐ and tridentate phosphine ligands are catalytically inactive under the same conditions. These findings are interpreted by analyzing structural and spectroscopic features of the employed systems, leading to the conclusion that the catalytic activity of the title complex is due to the strong activation of N2 and the unique topology of the pentadentate tetrapodal (pentaPod) ligand P2MePP2Ph. The analogous hydrazido(2‐) complex [Mo(NNH2)(P2MePP2Ph)](BArF)2 is generated by protonation with HBArF in ether and characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. Importantly, it is shown to be catalytically active as well. Along with the fact that the structure of the title complex precludes dimerization this demonstrates that the corresponding catalytic cycle follows a mononuclear pathway. The implications of a PCET mechanism on this reactive scheme are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrei Kindjajev
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jannik Junge
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kendall
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Oregon Health and Science University; 97201 Portland OR USA
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Montana State University; 59717 Bozeman MT USA
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6
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Pfeil M, Engesser TA, Koch A, Junge J, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Oligodentate Phosphine Ligands with Phospholane End Groups: New Synthetic Access and Application to Molybdenum‐Based Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Pfeil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jannik Junge
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Max‐Eyth‐Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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7
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Stucke N, Krahmer J, Näther C, Tuczek F. Molybdenum Complexes Supported by PN3
P Pincer Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Stucke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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8
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Apps SL, White AJP, Miller PW, Long NJ. Synthesis and reactivity of an N-triphos Mo(0) dinitrogen complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11386-11396. [PMID: 30062342 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and reactivity of a novel molybdenum dinitrogen complex supported by a nitrogen-centred tripodal phosphine ligand (N-triphos, N(CH2PPh2)3, NP3Ph) are reported. Reaction of N-triphos with [MoX3(THF)3] (X = Cl, Br, I) gave the Mo(iii) complex [MoX3(κ2-NP3Ph)(THF)] (1), where bidentate N-triphos coordination was observed. Reduction of this complex in the presence of dppm (bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) gave the dinitrogen complex [Mo(N2)(dppm)(κ3-NP3Ph)] (2), which exhibits moderate dinitrogen activation. An additional hydride complex, [Mo(H)2(dppm)(κ3-NP3Ph)] (4), was produced either as a minor side product during the reduction step, or as a major product by direct hydrogenation of the dinitrogen complex 2. The reactivity of the dinitrogen complex 2 with a range of Lewis acids was also investigated. At low temperatures, protic or borane Lewis acids (H+, BBr3 and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF)) were found to coordinate to the apical nitrogen atom of the N-triphos ligand, with no conclusive evidence of any functionalisation of the dinitrogen ligand. Alkali metal Lewis acid addition to 2 resulted in the unexpected rearrangement of the N-triphos ligand to form [Mo(dppm)(PMePh2)(PCP)][B(C6F5)4] (7), where PCP, [Ph2PCNHCH2PPh2] is the carbenic ligand formed upon rearrangement from the reaction of 2 with M[B(C6F5)4] (M = Li, Na or K). Single crystal X-ray diffraction of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 7 provided structural confirmation of the N-triphos molybdenum complexes described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Apps
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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9
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van de Watering FF, Stroek W, Ivar van der Vlugt J, de Bruin B, Dzik WI, Reek JNH. Coordination of 3-Methylindole-Based Tripodal Tetraphosphine Ligands to Iron(+II), Cobalt(+II), and Nickel(+II) and Investigations of their Subsequent Two-Electron Reduction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:1254-1265. [PMID: 29937690 PMCID: PMC5993305 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the coordination chemistry of indole based tripodal tetraphosphine ligands to iron(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II). These complexes are formed by simple synthetic protocols and were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The molecular structures as determined by X-ray diffraction show that the geometry of the nickel and cobalt complexes are distorted trigonal bipyramidal. The monocationic iron(II) complexes also have distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries, but the dicationic analogue has an octahedral geometry. Two-electron reduction of the cobalt(+II) and the nickel(+II) complexes in the presence of N2 did not lead to the coordination of N2. In contrast, two-electron reduction of the iron(+II) complexes did lead to coordination of dinitrogen to the iron center. The Fe0N2L1H complex has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the N-N bond length of the coordinated dinitrogen ligand is longer than that of free dinitrogen, indicating that coordination to this iron(0) complex results in activation of the N≡N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenna F. van de Watering
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wowa Stroek
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wojciech I. Dzik
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- HomogeneousSupramolecular and Bio‐Inspired CatalysisVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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10
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Kendall AJ, Johnson SI, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Catalytic Silylation of N 2 and Synthesis of NH 3 and N 2H 4 by Net Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions Using a Chromium P 4 Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2528-2536. [PMID: 29384664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first discrete molecular Cr-based catalysts for the reduction of N2. This study is focused on the reactivity of the Cr-N2 complex, trans-[Cr(N2)2(PPh4NBn4)] (P4Cr(N2)2), bearing a 16-membered tetraphosphine macrocycle. The architecture of the [16]-PPh4NBn4 ligand is critical to preserve the structural integrity of the catalyst. P4Cr(N2)2 was found to mediate the reduction of N2 at room temperature and 1 atm pressure by three complementary reaction pathways: (1) Cr-catalyzed reduction of N2 to N(SiMe3)3 by Na and Me3SiCl, affording up to 34 equiv N(SiMe3)3; (2) stoichiometric reduction of N2 by protons and electrons (for example, the reaction of cobaltocene and collidinium triflate at room temperature afforded 1.9 equiv of NH3, or at -78 °C afforded a mixture of NH3 and N2H4); and (3) the first example of NH3 formation from the reaction of a terminally bound N2 ligand with a traditional H atom source, TEMPOH (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-ol). We found that trans-[Cr(15N2)2(PPh4NBn4)] reacts with excess TEMPOH to afford 1.4 equiv of 15NH3. Isotopic labeling studies using TEMPOD afforded ND3 as the product of N2 reduction, confirming that the H atoms are provided by TEMPOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kendall
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael T Mock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Goren Keskin S, Stanley JM, Cowley AH. Synthesis, characterization and theoretical investigations of molybdenum carbonyl complexes with phosphorus/nitrogen/phosphorus ligand as bidentate and tridentate modes. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Imayoshi R, Nakajima K, Takaya J, Iwasawa N, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Iron- and Cobalt-Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PSiP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Imayoshi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Takaya
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Institute of Technology; O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Institute of Technology; O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656 Tokyo Japan
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Imayoshi R, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Vanadium-catalyzed Reduction of Molecular Dinitrogen into Silylamine under Ambient Reaction Conditions. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Imayoshi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
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Stucke N, Weyrich T, Pfeil M, Grund K, Kindjajev A, Tuczek F. Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation with Mononuclear Molybdenum(0) Phosphine Complexes: Occupying the trans-Position of Coordinated N2. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2016_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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