1
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Linke A, Decker D, Drexler HJ, Beweries T. Iridium(III) bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes: synthesis, ligand activation and applications in catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10266-10271. [PMID: 35748648 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(III) bis(thiophosphinite) complexes of the type [(RPSCSPR)Ir(H)(Cl)(py)] (RPSCSPR = κ3-(2,6-SPR2)C6H3) (R = tBu, iPr, Ph) can be prepared from the ligand precursors 1,3-(SPR2)C6H4 by C-H activation at Ir using [Ir(COE)2Cl]2 or [Ir(COD)Cl]2. Optimisation of the protocol for complexation showed that direct cyclometallation in the absence or presence of pyridine, as well as C-H activation in the presence of H2 are viable options that, depending on the phosphine substituent furnish the five-coordinate Ir(III) hydride chloride complexes 2-R or the base stabilised species 3-R in good yields. In case of the PhPSCSPPh ligand, P-S activation results in the formation of a thiophosphine stabilised Ir(III) hydride complex [(PhPSCSPPh)Ir(H)(Cl)(PPh2SH)] (4). Reaction of 2-tBu with H2 in the presence of base furnishes an Ir(III) dihydride complex (5) via a labile Ir(III) dihydride-dihydrogen complex (6). All complexes are inactive for transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane in the presence of NaOtBu and tert-butylethylene, likely due to decomposition of the Ir complex in the presence of base at higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - David Decker
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Drexler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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2
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Hasche P, Haak J, Anke F, Kubis C, Baumann W, Drexler HJ, Jiao H, Beweries T. Dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane using highly active rhodium(iii) bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes: catalytic and mechanistic insights. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes [(RPSCSPR)Rh(py)(H)(Cl)] (RPSCSPR = C6H4–2,6-(SPR2)2 with R = iPr, 2a and R = Ph, 2b) are highly active precatalysts for the dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hasche
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Julia Haak
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Felix Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | | | | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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3
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Gitnes RM, Wang M, Bao Y, Scheuermann ML. In Situ Generation of Catalytically Relevant Nanoparticles from a Molecular Pincer Iridium Precatalyst during Polyol Deoxygenation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Gitnes
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street—MS-9150, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street—MS-9150, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street—MS-9150, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Margaret L. Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street—MS-9150, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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4
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Abstract
Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.
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5
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Spearing-Ewyn EAK, Beattie NA, Colebatch AL, Martinez-Martinez AJ, Docker A, Boyd TM, Baillie G, Reed R, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. The role of neutral Rh(PONOP)H, free NMe 2H, boronium and ammonium salts in the dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine-borane using the cationic pincer [Rh(PONOP)(η 2-H 2)] + catalyst. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14724-14736. [PMID: 31538996 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The σ-amine-borane pincer complex [Rh(PONOP)(η1-H3B·NMe3)][BArF4] [2, PONOP = κ3-NC5H3-2,6-(OPtBu2)2] is prepared by addition of H3B·NMe3 to the dihydrogen precursor [Rh(PONOP)(η2-H2)][BArF4], 1. In a similar way the related H3B·NMe2H complex [Rh(PONOP)(η1-H3B·NMe2H)][BArF4], 3, can be made in situ, but this undergoes dehydrocoupling to reform 1 and give the aminoborane dimer [H2BNMe2]2. NMR studies on this system reveal an intermediate neutral hydride forms, Rh(PONOP)H, 4, that has been prepared independently. 1 is a competent catalyst (2 mol%, ∼30 min) for the dehydrocoupling of H3B·Me2H. Kinetic, mechanistic and computational studies point to the role of NMe2H in both forming the neutral hydride, via deprotonation of a σ-amine-borane complex and formation of aminoborane, and closing the catalytic cycle by reprotonation of the hydride by the thus-formed dimethyl ammonium [NMe2H2]+. Competitive processes involving the generation of boronium [H2B(NMe2H)2]+ are also discussed, but shown to be higher in energy. Off-cycle adducts between [NMe2H2]+ or [H2B(NMe2H)2]+ and amine-boranes are also discussed that act to modify the kinetics of dehydrocoupling.
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6
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Knitsch R, Han D, Anke F, Ibing L, Jiao H, Hansen MR, Beweries T. Fe(II) Hydride Complexes for the Homogeneous Dehydrocoupling of Hydrazine Borane: Catalytic Mechanism via DFT Calculations and Detailed Spectroscopic Characterization. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Knitsch
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Delong Han
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Ibing
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- MEET Battery Research
Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Adams GM, Ryan DE, Beattie NA, McKay AI, Lloyd-Jones GC, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of H 3B·NMeH 2 Using a [Rh(DPEphos)] + Catalyst: The Promoting Effect of NMeH 2. ACS Catal 2019; 9:3657-3666. [PMID: 30984472 PMCID: PMC6454579 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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[Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4]
acts as an effective precatalyst
for the dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 to form N-methylpolyaminoborane (H2BNMeH)n. Control of polymer molecular weight is
achieved by variation of precatalyst loading (0.1–1 mol %,
an inverse relationship) and use of the chain-modifying agent H2: with Mn ranging between 5 500
and 34 900 g/mol and Đ between 1.5 and
1.8. H2 evolution studies (1,2-F2C6H4 solvent) reveal an induction period that gets longer
with higher precatalyst loading and complex kinetics with a noninteger
order in [Rh]TOTAL. Speciation studies at 10 mol % indicate
the initial formation of the amino–borane bridged dimer, [Rh2(κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(μ-H)(μ-H2BN=HMe)][BArF4], followed by the crystallographically
characterized amidodiboryl complex [Rh2(cis-κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(σ,μ-(H2B)2NHMe)][BArF4]. Adding
∼2 equiv of NMeH2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution
to the precatalyst removes this induction period, pseudo-first-order
kinetics are observed, a half-order relationship to [Rh]TOTAL is revealed with regard to dehydrogenation, and polymer molecular
weights are increased (e.g., Mn = 40 000
g/mol). Speciation studies suggest that NMeH2 acts to form
the precatalysts [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(NMeH2)2][BArF4] and [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(H)2(NMeH2)2][BArF4], which were independently synthesized and shown to
follow very similar dehydrogenation kinetics, and produce polymers
of molecular weight comparable with [Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4], which has been doped
with amine. This promoting effect of added amine in situ is shown
to be general in other cationic Rh-based systems, and possible mechanistic
scenarios are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M. Adams
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Ryan
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair I. McKay
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Osipova ES, Filippov OA, Shubina ES, Belkova NV. Non-covalent interactions in stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of iridium pincer complexes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Osipova ES, Gulyaeva ES, Filippov OA, Safronov SV, Pavlov AA, Polukeev AV, Kirkina VA, Titova EM, Shubina ES, Belkova NV. Effect of Ligands on the Lewis Acidity of the Metal and the Binding of N‐Bases to Iridium Pincer Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Osipova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Gulyaeva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey V. Safronov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander A. Pavlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Polukeev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Vladislava A. Kirkina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Titova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
- Inorganic Chemistry Department Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Miklukho‐Maklaya str. 6 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena S. Shubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
- Inorganic Chemistry Department Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Miklukho‐Maklaya str. 6 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia V. Belkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
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10
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Han D, Anke F, Trose M, Beweries T. Recent advances in transition metal catalysed dehydropolymerisation of amine boranes and phosphine boranes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Colebatch AL, Weller AS. Amine-Borane Dehydropolymerization: Challenges and Opportunities. Chemistry 2019; 25:1379-1390. [PMID: 30338876 PMCID: PMC6391989 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dehydropolymerization of amine-boranes, exemplified as H2 RB⋅NR'H2 , to produce polyaminoboranes (HRBNR'H)n that are inorganic analogues of polyolefins with alternating main-chain B-N units, is an area with significant potential, stemming from both fundamental (mechanism, catalyst development, main-group hetero-cross-coupling) and technological (new polymeric materials) opportunities. This Concept article outlines recent advances in the field, covering catalyst development and performance, current mechanistic models, and alternative non-catalytic routes for polymer production. The substrate scope, polymer properties and applications of these exciting materials are also outlined. Challenges and opportunities in the field are suggested, as a way of providing focus for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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13
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Titova EM, Osipova ES, Pavlov AA, Filippov OA, Safronov SV, Shubina ES, Belkova NV. Mechanism of Dimethylamine–Borane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) PCP-Pincer Complex. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Titova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Osipova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Pavlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Safronov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Shubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Belkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement
Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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