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Mathius MA, Chhoeun JM, Kaufman RH, AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Linear Extension of Carbaporphyrin Chromophores: Synthesis, Protonation, and Metalation of Anthro[2,3- b]carbaporphyrins: Evidence for 30π-Electron Aromatic Circuits in a Palladium(II) Complex. J Org Chem 2024; 89:124-140. [PMID: 38110335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed condensation of a naphtho[2,3-f]indane dialdehyde with a tripyrrane, followed by an oxidation step, afforded an anthro[2,3-b]-21-carbaporphyrin. The presence of a fused anthracene unit induced minor bathochromic shifts and did not significantly affect the aromatic characteristics of the carbaporphyrin core. Protonation led to the formation of a monocation with similar diatropic properties, but the dication generated in the presence of a large excess of trifluoroacetic acid had a weakened Soret band absorption and a broad absorption at 754 nm. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations indicate that the dication is only weakly aromatic and possesses a 32-atom 30π electron delocalization pathway. Alkylation with methyl iodide and potassium carbonate gave a 22-methyl derivative that reacted with palladium(II) acetate to afford an aromatic palladium(II) complex. Upon heating, the methyl group migrated from the nitrogen to the internal carbon atom and the resulting complex exhibited diminished aromatic character. A comparison with related carbaporphyrin complexes without ring fusion or with benzo- or naphtho-fused units demonstrated that the diatropic character decreased with increasing conjugation. NICS calculations and anisotropy of induced current density (AICD) plots confirmed this trend and showed that the remaining aromatic properties of the anthrocarbaporphyrin complex were due to a 30π electron circuit that extends around the entire anthracene unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mathius
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Justin M Chhoeun
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Riley H Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Deyaa I AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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2
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Białek MJ, Hurej K, Furuta H, Latos-Grażyński L. Organometallic chemistry confined within a porphyrin-like framework. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2082-2144. [PMID: 36852929 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a carbon atom revolutionised the chemistry that one is able to perform within the coordination cavity. One could explore new pathways in the organometallic chemistry of porphyrins by forcing a carbon fragment from the ring or an inner substituent to sit close to an inserted metal ion. Since the NCP discovery, a series of modifications became available to tune the coordination properties of the cavity, introducing a fascinating realm of carbaporphyrins. The review surveys all possible carbatetraphyrins(1.1.1.1) and their spectacular coordination and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Hurej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
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Chitranshi S, Adinarayana B, Das M, Anila S, Suresh CH, Srinivasan A. Rh(I) and Organo-Rh(III) Complexes of meso-Triarylbiphenylcorrole. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:336-341. [PMID: 36534817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium complexes of biphenylcorrole are reported, and the molecular structures of the complexes are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The adj-CCNN core of the dicarbacorrole efficiently stabilizes a rhodium metal ion in its two different oxidation states. It is pertinent to point out that the Rh(I) metal complex attains square-planar geometry while organo-Rh(III) forms an octahedral complex. Furthermore, density functional theory studies corroborate the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Sebastian Anila
- Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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Cramer EK, AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Oxyquinoliziniporphyrins: Introduction of a Heterocyclic Dimension to Carbaporphyrinoid Systems. Org Lett 2022; 24:5402-5406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Moura NMM, Serra VV, Bastos A, Biazotto JC, Castro KADF, Faustino MAF, Lodeiro C, da Silva RS, Neves MDGPMS. New Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with β-Substituted Porphyrin-Arylbipyridine as the Ancillary Ligand: Electrochemical and Photophysical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147606. [PMID: 35886956 PMCID: PMC9319630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthetic access to new cationic porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) bis-cyclometalated complexes was developed. These porphyrins bearing arylbipyridine moieties at β-pyrrolic positions coordinated with iridium(III), and the corresponding Zn(II) porphyrin complexes were spectroscopically, electrochemically, and electronically characterized. The features displayed by the new cyclometalated porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) complexes, namely photoinduced electron transfer process (PET), and a remarkable efficiency to generate 1O2, allowing us to envisage new challenges and opportunities for their applications in several fields, such as photo(catalysis) and photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Alexandre Bastos
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Juliana C. Biazotto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria da Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
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7
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Xue S, Liu N, Mei P, Kuzuhara D, Zhou M, Pan J, Yamada H, Qiu F. Porphyrin(2.1.2.1) as a novel binucleating ligand: synthesis and molecular structures of mono- and di-rhodium(I) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12808-12811. [PMID: 34783800 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of monovalent and bimetallic porphyrins(2.1.2.1), the rhodium(I) complex of porphyrin(2.1.2.1), was readily obtained under controlled conditions. The coordinated rhodium(I) drastically influenced the molecular structure and optical and electronic properties. Our results clearly demonstrate that porphyrin(2.1.2.1) could be developed as a new binucleating ligand for the fabrication of bimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Peifeng Mei
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Latham AN, Lash TD. Synthesis and Characterization of N-Methylporphyrins, Heteroporphyrins, Carbaporphyrins, and Related Systems. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13050-13068. [PMID: 32940469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MacDonald-type "3 + 1" condensations of an N-methyltripyrrane with a series of dialdehydes afforded a matched set of N-methylporphyrins, N-methylheteroporphyrins, N-methyloxybenziporphyrin, N-methyloxypyriporphyrin, N-methyltropiporphyrin, and a N-methylcarbaporphyrin aldehyde. meso-Unsubstituted heteroporphyrins have been little explored previously, and this strategy was also used to prepare N-unsubstituted 21-oxa-, 21-thia-, and 21-selenaporphyrins. In every case, the N-methylporphyrinoids exhibited weaker, bathochromically shifted UV-Vis absorptions compared to their core unsubstituted congeners. However, proton NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that these derivatives retained strong diamagnetic ring currents and the presence of the internal alkyl substituents had little effect on the global aromatic characteristics. Nevertheless, the UV-Vis spectra of N-methyl-oxybenzi- and N-methyl-oxypyriporphyrins were dramatically altered and gave greatly weakened absorptions. N-Methyl-oxybenzi- and N-methyltropiporphyrins reacted with palladium(II) acetate to give stable palladium(II) complexes, demonstrating that N-alkylation alters the metalation properties for these carbaporphyrinoids. The organometallic derivatives also retained strongly aromatic properties, and the proton NMR spectra showed the N-methyl resonances near -3 ppm. N-Methylcarbaporphyrin-2-carbaldehyde also gave a palladium(II) complex, but this gradually rearranged at higher temperatures to afford a C-methyl complex. The results demonstrate that core alkylation of porphyrinoids greatly alters the reactivity and spectroscopic properties for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa N Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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9
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Alemayehu AB, Vazquez‐Lima H, Teat SJ, Ghosh A. Unexpected Molecular Structure of a Putative Rhenium-Dioxo-Benzocarbaporphyrin Complex. Implications for the Highest Transition Metal Valence in a Porphyrin-Type Ligand Environment. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1298-1302. [PMID: 31649839 PMCID: PMC6804418 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of quantum chemical calculations and synthetic studies was used to address the possibility of very high (>6) valence states of transition metals in porphyrin-type complexes. With corrole as a supporting ligand, DFT calculations ruled out Re(VII) and Ir(VII) dioxo complexes as stable species. Attempted rhenium insertion into benzocarbaporphyrin (BCP) ligands on the other hand led to two products with different stoichiometries - Re[BCP]O and Re[BCP]O2. To our surprise, single-crystal structure determination of one of the complexes of the latter type indicated an ReVO center with a second oxygen bridging the Re-C bond. In other words, although the monooxo complexes Re[BCP]O are oxophilic, the BCP ligand cannot sustain a trans-ReVII(O)2 center. The search for metal valence states >6 in porphyrin-type ligand environments must therefore continue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Vazquez‐Lima
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel72570Puebla, PueblaMexico
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light SourceLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720–8229USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUiT – The Arctic University of Norway9037TromsøNorway
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Lash TD, Darrow WT, Latham AN, Sahota N, Ferrence GM. Rhodium Complexes of Carbaporphyrins, Carbachlorins, adj-Dicarbaporphyrins, and an adj-Dicarbachlorin. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7511-7526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - William T. Darrow
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Alissa N. Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Navneet Sahota
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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11
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Latham AN, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Metalation and Methyl Group Migration in 21-, 22-, and 23-Methylcarbaporphyrins: Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium(II), Rhodium(I), and Rhodium(III) Derivatives. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa N. Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. Grabowski
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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13
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Adinarayana B, Murugavel M, Das M, Palepu NR, Srinivasan A. Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) Bipyricorrole Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1840-1845. [PMID: 29406703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(III) and iridium(III) bipyricorrole complexes have been unprecedentedly reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies unambiguously evinced the molecular structures of metal complexes in octahedral geometry. The monoanionic platform of bipyricorrole effectively stabilizes metal ions in their higher oxidation states. It is worth mentioning that the fluorescence quantum yield of the rhodium(III) complex is 3-fold higher than that of free-base bipyricorrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Muthuchamy Murugavel
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Narasinga Rao Palepu
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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14
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Smolczyk TJ, Lash TD. Alphabet soup within a porphyrinoid cavity: synthesis of heterocarbaporphyrins with CNNO, CNOO, CNSO and CNSeO Cores from an oxacarbatripyrrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9003-9006. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of porphyrin analogues with four different core atoms have been synthesized from an oxacarbatripyrrin intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Li
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois State University; 61790-4160 Normal Illinois USA
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois State University; 61790-4160 Normal Illinois USA
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16
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Pokharel K, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Late transition metal complexes of oxypyriporphyrin and the platinum(II) complex of oxybenziporphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Even though oxypyriporphyrin, a pyridone-containing porphyrinoid system, has the equivalent coordination core to true porphyrins, its coordination chemistry has been little explored. In this study, the first examples of palladium(II), platinum(II) and silver(II) oxypyriporphyrins have been synthesized. Conventional conditions failed to result in the formation of a platinum(II) complex, but moderate yields were obtained when oxypyriporphyrin was reacted with platinum(II) chloride in refluxing mixtures of DMF and acetic acid containing potassium acetate. The palladium(II) and platinum(II) derivatives were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structurally analogous carbaporphyrinoid system oxybenziporphyrin was also shown to react with platinum(II) chloride under the same conditions to give a platinum(II) hydroxybenziporphyrin complex. Unlike oxybenziporphyrin, this complex is only weakly diatropic. In the presence of base, the diatropic character was reasserted to afford an aromatic anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Pokharel
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
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17
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Sahota N, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Synthesis and Properties of Carbaporphyrin and Carbachlorin Dimethyl Esters Derived from Cyclopentanedialdehydes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9715-9730. [PMID: 28849655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Norbornenes with two ester substituents were prepared by Diels-Alder cycloadditions of cyclopentadiene with dimethyl fumarate and dimethyl 1,1-ethylenedicarboxylate. Oxidation with potassium permanganate gave good yields of related diols that were oxidatively ring-opened to afford cyclopentane dialdehydes. MacDonald-type "3 + 1" condensations with a tripyrrane, followed by oxidation with DDQ in refluxing toluene, gave carbaporphyrin or carbachlorin products in good yields. The macrocyclic products were highly diatropic and produced porphyrin-like UV-vis spectra. The carbaporphyrin was converted into silver(III) and gold(III) organometallic derivatives. Reaction with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate gave mono- and dialkylation products, and treatment of the former with Ni(OAc)2 or Pd(OAc)2 afforded nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes. The free base carbaporphyrin and carbachlorin, and the nickel and palladium complexes, were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The carbachlorin also reacted with silver(I) acetate to give a silver(III) derivative. Carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins underwent deuterium exchange at the meso-positions with deuteriated TFA, and this observation indicates that protonation is occurring at the bridging carbons. The new route to carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins has enabled detailed studies on the properties of these systems and provides the foundations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Sahota
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University , Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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18
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Lash TD, Ferrence GM. Metalation and Selective Oxidation of Diphenyl-23-oxa-, -thia-, and -selena-21-carbaporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11426-11434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Chen D, Li K, Guan X, Cheng G, Yang C, Che CM. Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes Supported by a Tetradentate Trianionic Ligand Scaffold with Mixed O, N, and C Donor Atoms: Synthesis, Structures, Photophysical Properties, and Material Applications. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, People’s Republic of China
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Adiraju VAK, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Regioselective oxidation and metalation of meso-unsubstituted azuliporphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10523-10533. [PMID: 27775128 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azuliporphyrins are intriguing porphyrin analogues that incorporate an azulene ring in place of a pyrrolic unit. This system undergoes regioselective oxidation reactions and favors the formation of stable organometallic derivatives. Reaction of meso-unsubstituted azuliporphyrins with Co2(CO)8 or CoCl2·6H2O gave 21-oxyazuliporphyrins, while Cu(OAc)2 produced the corresponding copper(ii) complexes. Treatment of an oxyazuliporphyrin with Ni(OAc)2 or Pd(OAc)2 afforded analogous nickel(ii) and palladium(ii) derivatives. Silver(i) acetate in pyridine reacted with azuliporphyrins to give moderate yields of silver(iii) benzocarbaporphyrins, and the prevalence of structures with a formyl moiety at the sterically crowded 21-position suggested that the ring contraction reactions were triggered in part by intramolecular attack from an axial peroxide ligand. Related thiaazuliporphyrins reacted with palladium(ii) acetate to give palladium(ii) benzothiacarbaporphyrins but this chemistry did not give rise to structures with 21-formyl groups, suggesting that the ring contraction reactions occurred by a different mechanistic pathway. These results demonstrate the existence of a rich tapestry of oxidation and metalation reactions for azuliporphyrin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A K Adiraju
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA.
| | - Gregory M Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA.
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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