Carbonyl-bridged energetic materials: biomimetic synthesis, organic catalytic synthesis, and energetic performances

Self-Assembly Method for Synthesizing High-Dimensional EMOFs with High Stability and Laser Response

Dimension and solvent molecules affect the performance of energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs). High-dimensional EMOFs are usually characterized by high stability and low sensitivity due to their complex network structure. However, solvent molecules affect the detonation performance of EMOFs, and these molecules may be removed at low temperatures, resulting in structural collapse and affecting the stability of EMOFs. In this work, zero-dimensional (0D) Co(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 1) and Ni(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 2) with coordinated water molecules and [Co(AFTO)2]n·EtOH (EMOF 3) and [Ni(AFTO)2]n (EMOF 4) (AFTO = 5-(4-amino-furazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole) with high-dimensional structure were synthesized using hydrothermal and self-assembly methods in ethanol, respectively. Structural and performance tests show that EMOF 3 and 4 exhibit remarkable thermal stability and low mechanical sensitivity. This method is a simple, effective, and green technique for synthesizing high-dimensional EMOFs with high stability through self-assembly in ethanol solution. In addition, EMOF 3 and 4 can be used as primary green laser explosives.

Alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal salts of di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methanone (DTO): energetic catalysts for ammonium perchlorate decomposition

Six new coordination complexes were obtained and fully characterized; complexes 4 and 5 exhibit good catalytic performances on AP.

Introduction of the acylamino group to bridged bis(nitroamino-1,2,4-triazole): a strategy for tuning the sensitivity of energetic materials

Introduction of the acylamino group into energetic material compounds will contribute to balancing the sensitivity and the energy.

Imino-bridged N-rich energetic materials: C4H3N17 and their derivatives assembled from the powerful combination of four tetrazoles

Imino-bridged symmetric N-rich energetic materials with high energetics and good stability.

Computational study of energetic derivatives of 3,3′-bridged ditriazoles

A series of energetic bridged ditriazole was designed by incorporating different bridges and substituents into 4H-1,2,4-triazole ring. The geometrical structures, heats of formation, detonation properties, electronic structures, thermodynamic properties, free spaces, impact sensitivities, and thermal stabilities of the designed compounds were evaluated by employing density functional theory. The results elucidate that the –N3 substituent and –N=N– bridge can sufficiently increase their heats of formation. The calculated values of detonation properties show that –NF2, –ONO2, –O–, and –N=N(O)– are useful structural fragments to improve their detonation performance. The incorporation of the oxy (–O–) bridge increases their HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. An analysis of h50 values indicate that most of the designed compounds are less sensitive. The N(ring)-NO2 bond in the majority of the derivatives may be a possible trigger bond in thermal decomposition process. The incorporation of –CH2–CH2– and –O– is helpful to enhance their thermal stabilities. Based on appropriate thermal stabilities and superb detonation properties, six compounds were screened as promising high energy density compounds.

Crystal structure of 1,4-bis-[5-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2H-tetra-zol-2-yl]butane

The title compound, C20H22N8O2, was synthesized by the coupling reaction of a sodium tetra-zolate salt and di-bromo-butane in a molar ratio of 2:1. The reaction can produce several possible regioisomers and the title compound was separated as the major product. The X-ray crystallographic study confirmed that the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group and possesses a bridging butyl-ene group that connects two identical phenyl tetra-zole moieties. The butyl-ene group is attached not to the first but the second nitro-gen atoms of both tetra-zole rings. The dihedral angles between the phenyl groups and the adjacent tetra-zolyl rings are 5.32 (6) and 15.37 (7)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules form centrosymmetric dimers through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between a C-H group of the butyl-ene linker and the O atom of a meth-oxy group.

Synthesis and performance study of methylene-bridged bis(nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole) and its energetic salts

A series of new energetic compounds based on methylene-bridged bis(nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole) was synthesized through a simple, safe and efficient route and fully characterized.

An unexpected method to synthesise 1,2,4-oxadiazolone derivatives: a class of insensitive energetic materials

A new and effective method for the preparation of 3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one is presented. Explosophore groups such as NO₂NH–, NO₂–, C(NO₂)₃CH₂NH– and –NN– were incorporated by a variety of functionalization strategies.

Synthesis and properties of 5,5′-dinitramino-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole) and its energetic salts

In order to develop high energy density materials, 5,5′-dinitramino-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole) (3, DNABO), a new heterocyclic energetic compound, was synthesized by the simple nitration of 5,5′-diamino-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole) (2) with 95% fuming nitric acid.

Gem-diol and Ketone Crystal-to-crystal Transition Phenomena

The generally thought unstable diol compound tetrazyl gem-diol (1, H₂DTMdiol·2H₂O), was firstly obtained in crystalline form by culturing the filtrate for ten days after acidification and filtration of aqueous solution of potassium salt of ketone (2, [K(HDTMone)·2H₂O]_n). The stability of this novel gem-diol compound is found owning to the hydrogen bonds with lattice water molecules and electrophilic tetrazolyl groups. Meanwhile, the undissolved ketone (3, H₂DTMone) was separated during the filtration in the process of gem-diol compound production. Surprisingly, the crystal-to-crystal perfect transition phenomena from gem-diol (1) to ketone (3) were firstly observed after heating up to 120^°C as evidenced by X-ray single crystal diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. These results found here might open new revenues for methylene oxidation and alkanediol chemistry.

Green primary energetic materials based on N-(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)nitramide

A series of green primary energetic materials based on N-(3-nitro-1-(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)nitramide were synthesized and structurally characterized.