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Toda K, Obolkin V, Ohira SI, Saeki K. Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1194. [PMID: 38001159 PMCID: PMC10674015 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration of surface water correlates with plankton density and reaches a maximum in mid-April, with temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that freshwater plankton, Gymnodinium baicalense, has DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results clearly indicate that DMSP plays a cryoprotective role. DMSP, although a characteristic marine compound, could also be an important zwitterion for algae of other boreal lakes, alpine snow, and glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
- International Research Organization of Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Vladimir Obolkin
- Laboratory of Hydrochemistry and Chemistry of the Atmosphere, Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization of Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Saeki
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1, Senbaru Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Owen K, Saeki K, Warren JD, Bocconcelli A, Wiley DN, Ohira SI, Bombosch A, Toda K, Zitterbart DP. Natural dimethyl sulfide gradients would lead marine predators to higher prey biomass. Commun Biol 2021; 4:149. [PMID: 33526835 PMCID: PMC7851116 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding prey is essential to survival, with marine predators hypothesised to track chemicals such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) while foraging. Many predators are attracted to artificially released DMS, and laboratory experiments have shown that zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton accelerates DMS release. However, whether natural DMS concentrations are useful for predators and correlated to areas of high prey biomass remains a fundamental knowledge gap. Here, we used concurrent hydroacoustic surveys and in situ DMS measurements to present evidence that zooplankton biomass is spatially correlated to natural DMS concentration in air and seawater. Using agent simulations, we also show that following gradients of DMS would lead zooplankton predators to areas of higher prey biomass than swimming randomly. Further understanding of the conditions and scales over which these gradients occur, and how they are used by predators, is essential to predicting the impact of future changes in the ocean on predator foraging success. Kylie Owen et al. sample concurrent prey biomass and natural dimethyl sulfide (DMS) concentration, and show that these variables are correlated in air and seawater. Agent simulations show that following fine-scale gradients of DMS would lead zooplankton predators to higher prey biomass, shedding light on how marine predators may use these cues for foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Owen
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Ecology & Biodiversity Centre, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, TAS, Australia.,Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kentaro Saeki
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Joseph D Warren
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Bocconcelli
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - David N Wiley
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA National Ocean Service, Scituate, MA, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Annette Bombosch
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kei Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Daniel P Zitterbart
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,Biophysics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Okane D, Koveke EP, Tashima K, Saeki K, Maezono S, Nagahata T, Hayashi N, Owen K, Zitterbart DP, Ohira SI, Toda K. High Sensitivity Monitoring Device for Onboard Measurement of Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Seawater and an Oceanic Atmosphere. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10484-10491. [PMID: 31337210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An automated device has been developed to measure aqueous dimethyl sulfide (DMSaq), its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and atmospheric gaseous dimethyl sulfide (DMSg). In addition to having a role in the oceanic atmosphere, DMS and DMSP have recently gained substantial interest within the biosciences and are suspected as chemoattractants for predators searching for prey. To provide the spatial resolution relevant for biogeochemical functions, fast and on-site analysis of these compounds is an important technique. The system described measures the dimethyl sulfur compounds by sequential vaporization of DMSaq and DMSP to their gas phase, which is then analyzed by chemiluminescence detection (SVG-CL). The device has five analysis modes (full, DMS, water, gas, and DMSP mode) that can be selected by the user depending on the required analyte or desired sampling rate. Seawater analyses were performed by the developed SVG-CL system and, simultaneously, by an ion molecule reaction-mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph-flame photometric detector to verify quantitative analysis results. Results obtained by the new method/device agreed well with those by the other methods. Detection limits of the SVG-CL system are 0.02 ppbv and 0.04 nM for DMSg and DMSaq/DMSP, respectively, which are much better than those of the mass spectrometer. The SVG-CL system can be easily installed and operated on a boat. Spatial variability in DMS and DMSP off the coast of Japan were obtained, showing significant changes in the concentrations of the components at the brackish/saline water interface and at the channel between the closed and open seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Okane
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Edwin P Koveke
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Koya Tashima
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Saeki
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Seiya Maezono
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Takanori Nagahata
- Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech , 7-10-1 Chuo-Rinkan , Yamato , Kanagawa 242-0007 , Japan
| | - Norio Hayashi
- Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech , 7-10-1 Chuo-Rinkan , Yamato , Kanagawa 242-0007 , Japan
| | - Kylie Owen
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , 266 Woods Hole Road , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Daniel P Zitterbart
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , 266 Woods Hole Road , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohira
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Kei Toda
- Department of Chemistry , Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami , Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
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