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Máčala J, Makhneva E, Hlaváček A, Kopecký M, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Dot-Blot Immunoassay for Quantitative Biomarker Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10237-10245. [PMID: 38870418 PMCID: PMC11209662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Dot-blot immunoassays are widely used for the user-friendly detection of clinical biomarkers. However, the majority of dot-blot assays have only limited sensitivity and are only used for qualitative or semiquantitative analysis. To overcome this limitation, we have employed labels based on photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that exhibit anti-Stokes luminescence and can be detected without optical background interference. First, the dot-blot immunoassay on a nitrocellulose membrane was optimized for the quantitative analysis of human serum albumin (HSA), resulting in a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 ng/mL and a signal-to-background ratio (S/B) of 722. Commercial quantum dots were used as a reference label, reaching the LOD of 4.32 ng/mL and the S/B of 3, clearly indicating the advantages of UCNPs. In addition, the potential of UCNP-based dot-blot for real sample analysis was confirmed by analyzing spiked urine samples, reaching the LOD of 0.24 ng/mL and recovery rates from 79 to 123%. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatility and robustness of the assay by adapting it to the detection of two other clinically relevant biomarkers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cardiac troponin (cTn), reaching the LODs in spiked serum of 9.4 pg/mL and 0.62 ng/mL for PSA and cTn, respectively. Finally, clinical samples of patients examined for prostate cancer were analyzed, achieving a strong correlation with the reference electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (recovery rates from 89 to 117%). The achieved results demonstrate that UCNPs are highly sensitive labels that enable the development of dot-blot immunoassays for quantitative analysis of low-abundance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Máčala
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Makhneva
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Portable Colorimetric Device with Commercial Microplates for Quantitative Detection of Urine Biomarkers: Design, Development, and Clinical Evaluation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090723. [PMID: 36140108 PMCID: PMC9496577 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Urine biomarkers are important in monitoring diseases related to human kidney function. The current processes for measuring biomarker levels in urine samples require patients to regularly visit clinical facilities, which is inconvenient and sometimes impossible for patients in rural areas. Therefore, portable analysis devices for the measurement of urine biomarkers are urgently requested. In this study, a portable platform using colorimetry, a common and simple-to-operate chemical analysis technique, was developed to measure urine biomarkers. The device, using commercial test kits as recognising reagents and a 96-well microplate as a solution container, provides quantitative measures of biomarker concentration. Moreover, the proposed device introduces a calibration method to minimise the dependence of regular maintenance. The device’s performance was evaluated with urine from 73 renal patients and its results matched with clinical results well. The device has the potential for measuring urine creatinine, in addition to performing a variety of commercial assays for biomarker detection in human body fluids in general.
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Zhou Y, Hua J, Ding D, Tang Y. Interrogating amyloid aggregation with aggregation-induced emission fluorescence probes. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Thammajinno S, Buranachai C, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet-Buranachai C. A copper nanoclusters probe for dual detection of microalbumin and creatinine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120816. [PMID: 34995852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe based on glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs) was developed for the detection of dual targets, human serum albumin (HSA) and creatinine, in human urine. The GSH-CuNCs were synthesized by a one-pot green method using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The detection of HSA was in a turn-on mode via electrostatic interaction in a basic condition while the detection of creatinine was in a turn-off mode via non-covalent bonding in an acidic condition. Under optimal conditions, the linear range and detection limit of HSA were 5.0 nM to 150 nM and 1.510 ± 0.041 nM, while those of creatinine were 30 μM to 1000 μM and 13.0 ± 1.0 μM. This easily fabricated nanocluster probe provided a fast response with high sensitivity, and good selectivity. Recoveries from urine samples were in the range of 81.44 ± 0.25 to 109.22 ± 0.57% for HSA and 80.57 ± 0.16 to 109.0 ± 0.10% for creatinine. The urinary analytical results from the fluorescent probe were in good agreement (P > 0.05) to those obtained from immunoturbidimetric and enzymatic methods, signifying the excellent performance of this sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supitcha Thammajinno
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chittanon Buranachai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chongdee Thammakhet-Buranachai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Hu Q, Hu H, Zhang X, Fan K, Hong Y, Raston CL, Tang Y. In Situ Monitored Vortex Fluidic-Mediated Protein Refolding/Unfolding Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Bioprobe. Molecules 2021; 26:4273. [PMID: 34299548 PMCID: PMC8306882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is important for protein homeostasis/proteostasis in the human body. We have established the ability to manipulate protein unfolding/refolding for β-lactoglobulin using the induced mechanical energy in the thin film microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD) with monitoring as such using an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), TPE-MI. When denaturant (guanidine hydrochloride) is present with β-lactoglobulin, the VFD accelerates the denaturation reaction in a controlled way. Conversely, rapid renaturation of the unfolded protein occurs in the VFD in the absence of the denaturant. The novel TPE-MI reacts with exposed cysteine thiol when the protein unfolds, as established with an increase in fluorescence intensity. TPE-MI provides an easy and accurate way to monitor the protein folding, with comparable results established using conventional circular dichroism. The controlled VFD-mediated protein folding coupled with in situ bioprobe AIEgen monitoring is a viable methodology for studying the denaturing of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haozhen Hu
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kyle Fan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Youhong Tang
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
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Castillo PM, Fernández-Acejo FJ, Carnerero JM, Prado-Gotor R, Jimenez-Ruiz A. Colorimetric, Naked-Eye Detection of Lysozyme in Human Urine with Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:612. [PMID: 33804443 PMCID: PMC7999581 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stabilizing effect of lysozymes to salt addition over a gold colloid are exploited in order to detect lysozymes in human urine samples. The present research is aimed at the development of a fast, naked-eye detection test for urinary lysozymuria, in which direct comparison with a colorimetric reference, allows for the immediate determination of positive/negative cases. CIEL*a*b* parameters were obtained from sample absorbance measurements, and their color difference with respect to a fixed reference point was measured by calculating the ΔE76 parameter, which is a measure of how well the colors can be distinguished by an untrained observer. Results show that a simple and quick test can reliably, in less than 15 min, give a positive colorimetric response in the naked eye for concentrations of a urinary lysozyme over 57.2 µg/mL. This concentration is well within the limits of that observed for leukemia-associated lysozymurias, among other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Prado-Gotor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.M.C.); (F.J.F.-A.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Aila Jimenez-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (P.M.C.); (F.J.F.-A.); (J.M.C.)
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Aggregation-induced Emission Fluorogen as Mammalian Cell Cytoplasmic Tracker with Long Retention Time and High Photo-stability. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sierra AF, Hernández-Alonso D, Romero MA, González-Delgado JA, Pischel U, Ballester P. Optical Supramolecular Sensing of Creatinine. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4276-4284. [PMID: 32045249 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrrole phosphonate-cavitands were used as receptors for the design of supramolecular sensors for creatinine and its lipophilic derivative hexylcreatinine. The sensing principle is based on indicator displacement assays of an inherently fluorescent guest dye or a black-hole quencher from the receptor's cavity by means of competition with the creatinine analytes. The systems were thermodynamically and kinetically characterized regarding their 1:1 binding properties by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 31P NMR), isothermal titration calorimetry, and optical spectroscopies (UV/vis absorption and fluorescence). For the use of the black-hole indicator dye, the calix[4]pyrrole was modified with a dansyl chromophore as a signaling unit that engages in Förster resonance energy transfer with the indicator dye. The 1:1 binding constants of the indicator dyes are in the range of 107 M-1, while hexylcreatinine showed values around (2-4) × 105 M-1. The competitive displacement of the indicators by hexylcreatinine produced supramolecular fluorescence turn-on sensors that work at micromolar analyte concentrations that are compatible with those observed for healthy as well as sick patients. The limit of detection for one of the systems reached submicromolar ranges (110 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Sierra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Hernández-Alonso
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Romero
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - José A González-Delgado
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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Srinivasan V, Jhonsi MA, Dhenadhayalan N, Lin KC, Ananth DA, Sivasudha T, Narayanaswamy R, Kathiravan A. Pyrene-based prospective biomaterial: In vitro bioimaging, protein binding studies and detection of bilirubin and Fe 3. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117150. [PMID: 31176291 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have meticulously derived the nanosized fluorescent aggregates from pyrene Schiff base (PS) in DMSO:water (10:90) ratio. The aggregation property of PS molecule was characterized by SEM and TEM measurements, revealed the aggregated particles are in spherical shape with ~3 nm in size. Moreover, aggregates exhibit a high fluorescence quantum yield (48%) which was effectively used for the in vitro bioimaging of two different cancer cells such as A549 and MCF-7 cells in which it exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Further, it was estimated the capability of twofold acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining to identify the apoptotic associated changes in cancer cells. Additionally, the aggregates were successfully demonstrated as a luminescent probe for the perceptive biomolecule detection of bilirubin. On the other hand, the PS molecule was successfully utilized for protein binding and metal ion sensing studies. The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with PS molecule in DMSO was using fluorescence spectroscopic method and nature of interaction was also confirmed through molecular docking analysis. The PS molecule also acts as an excellent sensor for biologically important Fe3+ ion with detection limit of 336 nM. Overall, PS molecule can be a prospective material in biological field both in solution as well as aggregated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadoss Asha Jhonsi
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 048, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Namasivayam Dhenadhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Thilagar Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Kathiravan
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cong Y, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Molecular Self-Assembly Constructed in Physiological Conditions for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
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Gao M, Tang BZ. Fluorescent Sensors Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1382-1399. [PMID: 28945357 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensors with advantages of excellent sensitivity, rapid response, and easy operation are emerging as powerful tools in environmental monitoring, biological research, and disease diagnosis. However, conventional fluorophores featured with π-planar structures usually suffer from serious self-quenching in the aggregated state, poor photostability, and small Stokes' shift. In contrast to conventional aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorophores, the newly emerged aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) are featured with high emission efficiency in the aggregated state, which provide unique opportunities for various sensing applications with advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, strong photostability, and large Stokes' shift. In this review, we will first briefly give an introduction of the AIE concept and the turn-on sensing principles. Then, we will discuss the recent examples of AIE sensors according to types of analytes. Finally, we will give a perspective on the future developments of AIE sensors. We hope this review will inspire more endeavors to devote to this emerging world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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