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Chung JW, Kim JE, Nam YE, Kim WS, Lee I, Yim SV, Kwon O. Eight-week supplementation of Aronia berry extract promoted the glutathione defence system against acute aerobic exercise-induced oxidative load immediately and 30 min post-exercise in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1589-1599. [PMID: 36727618 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food antioxidants have received prompt attention for controlling oxidative stress encountered in daily life. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of Aronia berry extract (ABE) supplementation on acute aerobic exercise (AAE)-induced oxidative stress in healthy subjects. METHODS We assessed a battery of antioxidant defence and oxidative stress parameters at pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise in healthy middle-aged adults with habitually low intakes of fruit and vegetables in an 8-week, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial with two arms (n = 70). The AAE challenge model, characterised as a treadmill exercise for 30 min at 60% VO2 maximum, was applied to load oxidative stress at the end of the study. Pearson's correlation analysis assessed the association between the changes in antioxidant defence capacities and oxidative stress levels. RESULTS The time-course-dependent oxidative stress was well observed in the placebo group regarding the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the reduced glutathione (GSH) availability for antioxidant defence and erythrocyte malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and lactate levels for oxidative damage. Meanwhile, the ABE supplementation effectively strengthened the glutathione defence system by increasing GSH availability and GPx activity immediately post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise. In addition, the scatter plot and linear regression analysis revealed strong negative correlations of GSH availability with oxidised low-density lipoprotein and plasma malonaldehyde levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that daily supplementation of 300 mg ABE might help boost GSH levels and an adaptive antioxidant enzyme defence system of erythrocytes in healthy adults with habitually low fruit and vegetable intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Chung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yea-Eun Nam
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insoo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Martini D, Domínguez-Perles R, Rosi A, Tassotti M, Angelino D, Medina S, Ricci C, Guy A, Oger C, Gigliotti L, Durand T, Marino M, Gottfried-Genieser H, Porrini M, Antonini M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Ferreres F, Scazzina F, Brighenti F, Riso P, Del Bo’ C, Mena P, Gil-Izquierdo A, Del Rio D. Effect of Coffee and Cocoa-Based Confectionery Containing Coffee on Markers of DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation Products: Results from a Human Intervention Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:2399. [PMID: 34371907 PMCID: PMC8308525 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of coffee and cocoa on oxidative damage to macromolecules has been investigated in several studies, often with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of one-month consumption of different doses of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee on markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in young healthy volunteers. Twenty-one volunteers were randomly assigned into a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial. Subjects were assigned to consume one of the three following treatments: one cup of espresso coffee/day (1C), three cups of espresso coffee/day (3C), and one cup of espresso coffee plus two cocoa-based products containing coffee (PC) twice per day for 1 month. At the end of each treatment, blood samples were collected for the analysis of endogenous and H2O2-induced DNA damage and DNA oxidation catabolites, while urines were used for the analysis of oxylipins. On the whole, four DNA catabolites (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 8-OH-2'-deoxy-guanosine, 8-OH-guanine, and 8-NO2-cGMP) were detected in plasma samples following the one-month intervention. No significant modulation of DNA and lipid damage markers was documented among groups, apart from an effect of time for DNA strand breaks and some markers of lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the consumption of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee was apparently not able to affect oxidative stress markers. More studies are encouraged to better explain the findings obtained and to understand the impact of different dosages of these products on specific target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (S.M.)
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (S.M.)
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (A.G.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (A.G.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Letizia Gigliotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France; (A.G.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Monica Antonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.A.); (A.D.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.A.); (A.D.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.A.); (A.D.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia, UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (D.D.R.)
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Impact of Nutrition-Based Interventions on Athletic Performance during Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126294. [PMID: 34200767 PMCID: PMC8296102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this gap by conducting a focused critical review of clinical studies that reported athletic outcomes as well as menstrual status for healthy eumenorrheic female participants. In total, 1443 articles were identified, and 23 articles were included. These articles were published between 2011 and 2021, and were retrieved from Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed. Our literature search revealed that hydration-, micronutrient-, and phytochemical-based interventions can improve athletic performance (measured by aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and strength performance) or attenuate exercise-induced damage (measured by dehydration biomarkers, muscle soreness, and bone resorption biomarkers). Most performance trials, however, only assessed these interventions in one menstrual phase, limiting the application throughout the entire menstrual cycle. Improvements in athletic performance through nutrition-based interventions may be contingent upon female sex hormone variation in eumenorrheic women.
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Stankiewicz B, Cieślicka M, Kujawski S, Piskorska E, Kowalik T, Korycka J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers- a randomized double-blind trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:44. [PMID: 34098993 PMCID: PMC8185910 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive physical exercise that competitive sports athletes participate in can negatively affect their pro-oxidative-antioxidant balance. Compounds with high antioxidant potential, such as those present in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), can prevent these adverse changes. We here investigated the effect of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress balance in young footballers. METHODS The study was designed as a double-blind randomized trial. Diet of a group of young football players (male; n = 20; mean age, 15.8 years-old) was supplemented with 200 ml of chokeberry juice per day, for 7 weeks. The players were randomly assigned to the experimental (supplemented, FP-S; n = 12) and control (placebo, FB-C; n = 8) groups. Before and after the supplementation period, the participants performed a beep test. Venous blood was sampled for serum analysis before, immediately after, 3 h, and 24 h after the beep test. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total antioxidant capacity, iron, hepcidin, ferritin, myoglobin, and albumin, and morphological blood parameters (red blood cells, (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and lactic acid) were determined. RESULTS Chokeberry juice supplementation did not significantly affect the outcome of the beep test. The supplementation did not significantly affect any of the morphological, biochemical, or performance parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS Chokeberry juice supplementation did not affect the measured parameters in the studied population, which may indicate insufficient antioxidant capacity of the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 2 Sportowa Str., 85-091, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza Str, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie Skłodowskiej Str., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Piskorska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Curie Skłodowskiej Str., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalik
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 2 Sportowa Str., 85-091, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Korycka
- Institute of Food Sciences and Agrotechnics, University of Zielona Góra, Off-Campus Faculty in Sulechów, Pałac Kalsk - Kalsk 67, 66-100, Sulechów, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Morphological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, 13 Estkowskiego Str, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
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Dominguez-Balmaseda D, Diez-Vega I, Larrosa M, San Juan AF, Issaly N, Moreno-Pérez D, Burgos S, Sillero-Quintana M, Gonzalez C, Bas A, Roller M, Pérez-Ruiz M. Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32848820 PMCID: PMC7396658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d), in young male athletes suffering from DOMS induced by a 1 h session of plyometric exercises. METHODS Thirty-three young male athletes participated in this randomized, Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial: 17 of them assigned to the ReWin(d) group and 16 of them to the placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder), and heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored for 5 min with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48, and 72 h after the session. RESULTS The eccentric exercise session caused an increase in CK at 24 and 48 h after exercise intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between groups regarding muscle damage. The pain increased after the training session in both groups (p < 0.001), and a significant interaction was observed between groups at 48 h after exercise (p = 0.004). Lower limb muscular power showed a significant interaction between groups 24 h after exercise (p = 0.049); the placebo group showed a reduction in muscle power compared to the ReWin(d) group. The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly at 72 h after exercise in the herbal group but not in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The herbal supplement maintained the maximum power of the lower limbs and attenuated muscle pain. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03961022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dominguez-Balmaseda
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro F. San Juan
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Instituto Católico de Artes e Industrias-Instituto Católico de Administración y Dirección de Empresas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Burgos
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Polit cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gonzalez
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Bas
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
- Research Group on Exercise, Health and Applied Biomarkers, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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García-Flores LA, Medina S, Gómez C, Wheelock CE, Cejuela R, Martínez-Sanz JM, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Hernández-Sáez Á, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Aronia-citrus juice (polyphenol-rich juice) intake and elite triathlon training: a lipidomic approach using representative oxylipins in urine. Food Funct 2018; 9:463-475. [PMID: 29231216 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether particular urinary oxylipins (isoprostanes (IsoPs), leukotrienes (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), and thromboxanes (TXs)) in 16 elite triathletes could alter during 145 days of training. Within this time span, 45 days were dedicated to examining the effects of the intake of a beverage rich in polyphenols (one serving: 200 mL per day) supplemented in their diet. The beverage was a mixture of citrus juice (95%) and Aronia melanocarpa juice (5%) (ACJ). Fifty-two oxylipins were analyzed in the urine. The quantification was carried out using solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The physical activity decreased the excretion of some PG, IsoP, TX, and LT metabolites from arachidonic acid, γ-dihomo-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The ACJ also reduced the excretion of 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α and 11-dehydro-TXB2, although the levels of other metabolites increased after juice supplementation (PGE2, 15-keto-15-F2t-IsoP, 20-OH-PGE2, LTE4, and 15-epi-15-E2t-IsoP), compared to the placebo. The metabolites that increased in abundance have been related to vascular homeostasis and smooth muscle function, suggesting a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, exercise influences mainly the decrease in oxidative stress and the inflammation status in elite triathletes, while ACJ supplementation has a potential benefit regarding the cardiovascular system that is connected in a synergistic manner with elite physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Mena P, Tassotti M, Martini D, Rosi A, Brighenti F, Del Rio D. The Pocket-4-Life project, bioavailability and beneficial properties of the bioactive compounds of espresso coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee: study protocol for a randomized cross-over trial. Trials 2017; 18:527. [PMID: 29121975 PMCID: PMC5680745 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coffee is an important source of bioactive compounds, including caffeine, phenolic compounds (mainly chlorogenic acids), trigonelline, and diterpenes. Several studies have highlighted the preventive effects of coffee consumption on major cardiometabolic diseases, but the impact of coffee dosage on markers of cardiometabolic risk is not well understood. Moreover, the pool of coffee-derived circulating metabolites and the contribution of each metabolite to disease prevention still need to be evaluated in real-life settings. The aim of this study will be to define the bioavailability and beneficial properties of coffee bioactive compounds on the basis of different levels of consumption, by using an innovative experimental design. The contribution of cocoa-based products containing coffee to the pool of circulating metabolites and their putative bioactivity will also be investigated. Methods A three-arm, crossover, randomized trial will be conducted. Twenty-one volunteers will be randomly assigned to consume three treatments in a random order for 1 month: 1 cup of espresso coffee/day, 3 cups of espresso coffee/day, and 1 cup of espresso coffee plus 2 cocoa-based products containing coffee twice per day. The last day of each treatment, blood and urine samples will be collected at specific time points, up to 24 hours following the consumption of the first product. At the end of each treatment the same protocol will be repeated, switching the allocation group. Besides the bioavailability of the coffee/cocoa bioactive compounds, the effect of the coffee/cocoa consumption on several cardiometabolic risk factors (anthropometric measures, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, trimethylamine N-oxide, nitric oxide, blood lipids, fasting indices of glucose/insulin metabolism, DNA damage, eicosanoids, and nutri-metabolomics) will be investigated. Discussion Results will provide information on the bioavailability of the main groups of phytochemicals in coffee and on their modulation by the level of consumption. Findings will also show the circulating metabolites and their bioactivity when coffee consumption is substituted with the intake of cocoa-based products containing coffee. Finally, the effect of different levels of 1-month coffee consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors will be elucidated, likely providing additional insights on the role of coffee in the protection against chronic diseases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03166540. Registered on May 21, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2271-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
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Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120785. [PMID: 27918471 PMCID: PMC5188440 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a very broad group of chemicals, widely distributed in plant foods, and endowed with antioxidant activity by virtue of their numerous phenol groups. They are widely studied as putative cancer-protective agents, potentially contributing to the cancer preventive properties of fruits and vegetables. We review recent publications relating to human trials, animal experiments and cell culture, grouping them according to whether polyphenols are investigated in whole foods and drinks, in plant extracts, or as individual compounds. A variety of assays are in use to study genetic damage endpoints. Human trials, of which there are rather few, tend to show decreases in endogenous DNA damage and protection against DNA damage induced ex vivo in blood cells. Most animal experiments have investigated the effects of polyphenols (often at high doses) in combination with known DNA-damaging agents, and generally they show protection. High concentrations can themselves induce DNA damage, as demonstrated in numerous cell culture experiments; low concentrations, on the other hand, tend to decrease DNA damage.
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Biel S, Mesa MD, de la Torre R, Espejo JA, Fernández-Navarro JR, Fitó M, Sánchez-Rodriguez E, Rosa C, Marchal R, Alche JDD, Expósito M, Brenes M, Gandul B, Calleja MA, Covas MI. The NUTRAOLEOUM Study, a randomized controlled trial, for achieving nutritional added value for olive oils. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:404. [PMID: 27770787 PMCID: PMC5075414 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Virgin olive oil, a recognized healthy food, cannot be consumed in great quantities. We aim to assess in humans whether an optimized virgin olive oil with high phenolic content (OVOO, 429 mg/Kg) and a functional one (FOO), both rich in phenolic compounds (429 mg/Kg) and triterpenic acids (389 mg/kg), could provide health benefits additional to those supplied a by a standard virgin olive oil (VOO). Methods/design A randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled study will be conducted. Healthy volunteers (aged 20 to 50) will be randomized into one of three groups of daily raw olive oil consumption: VOO, OVOO, and FOO (30 mL/d). Olive oils will be administered over 3-week periods preceded by 2-week washout ones. The main outcomes will be markers of lipid and DNA oxidation, inflammation, and vascular damage. A bioavailability and dose-response study will be nested within this sustained- consumption one. It will be made up of 18 volunteers and be performed at two stages after a single dose of each olive oil. Endothelial function and nitric oxide will be assessed at baseline and at 4 h and 6 h after olive oil single dose ingestion. Discussion For the first time the NUTRAOLEUM Study will provide first level evidence on the health benefits in vivo in humans of olive oil triterpenes (oleanolic and maslinic acid) in addition to their bioavailability and disposition. Trial registration The Trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02520739.
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Relationship between the Ingestion of a Polyphenol-Rich Drink, Hepcidin Hormone, and Long-Term Training. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101333. [PMID: 27740603 PMCID: PMC6273972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of polyphenol-rich foods on the iron status of athletes, as well as the effect of physical training on the hormone hepcidin, implicated in iron metabolism, are not clear. We investigated the influence on iron metabolism of a long-term training intervention of 120 days, measuring the hepcidin concentration in the plasma of 16 elite triathletes, and the effect of the ingestion of 200 mL of either aronia-citrus juice or a placebo drink for 45 days, in a crossover design. The highest plasma hepcidin concentrations were observed at the beginning of the study (116 ± 63 nM) and levels steadily decreased until the end of the intervention (final value 10 ± 7.5 nM). Long-term training might reduce inflammation and, hence, could be responsible for the decrease in hepcidin in triathletes. Polyphenols from aronia-citrus juice did not interfere in iron absorption, as we did not observe significant differences between the intake of the placebo drink or juice with regard to hepcidin levels. Further studies are required to ascertain the time and conditions necessary to restore hepcidin levels, which reflect the iron status of triathletes.
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García-Flores LA, Medina S, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Cejuela R, Martínez-Sanz JM, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Lipidomic approach in young adult triathletes: effect of supplementation with a polyphenols-rich juice on neuroprostane and F2-dihomo-isoprostane markers. Food Funct 2016; 7:4343-4355. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01000h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With adequate training, our juice rich in polyphenolic compounds has been able to influence the excretion values of oxidative stress biomarkers associated with the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Medina
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus de Espinardo 25
- 30100 Espinardo
- Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247 CNRS-University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Roberto Cejuela
- Faculty of Education
- University of Alicante
- Campus de San Vicent del Raspeig
- Alicante
- Spain
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus de Espinardo 25
- 30100 Espinardo
- Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus de Espinardo 25
- 30100 Espinardo
- Spain
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