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Macias-Rodriguez BA, Gouzy R, Coulais C, Velikov KP. Thermoresponsive oil-continuous gels based on double-interpenetrating colloidal-particle networks. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3033-3043. [PMID: 38389496 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Gels composed of multicomponent building blocks offer promising opportunities for the development of novel soft materials with unique and useful structures. While interpenetrating polymer networks have been extensively studied and applied in the creation of these gels, equivalent strategies utilizing colloidal particles have received limited scientific and technological attention. This study presents a novel class of thermo-responsive apolar double gels from interpenetrating networks of attractive colloidal silica and lipid particles. These double gels are easily assembled and suitable for the fabrication of 3D-printed edible soft constructs. Emphasis is focused on the rheological properties and structure emerging on the dilute regime (ϕ ≲ 0.1). Rheological investigations demonstrate that double gels exhibit greater stiffness and resilience to yielding compared to their single lipid gel counterparts. The scaling behavior of the oscillatory linear shear moduli and the critical strain for yielding with volume fraction remain comparable between single and double gels. Creep yielding in double gels exhibits two exponential decay regimes, suggesting the presence of thicker gel strands undergoing flow. Visualization and quantification of the quiescent microstructure confirms the existence of such denser aggregates devoid of larger clusters due to steric hindrance of interpenetrating networks in double gels. This is in stark contrast to lipid single gels where aggregates grow unrestrictedly into larger clusters. Our study constitutes the first demonstration on the assembly of apolar double gel networks as a promising avenue for the design of novel soft materials and foods with tailored structure and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio A Macias-Rodriguez
- Unilever Innovation Center Wageningen, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Gouzy
- Unilever Innovation Center Wageningen, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P Velikov
- Unilever Innovation Center Wageningen, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Glushkova D, Cholakova D, Biserova A, Tsvetkova K, Tcholakova S, Denkov N. Drop shape stability vs shape shifting: Role of surfactant adsorption layer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Jiang WX, Qi JR, Liao JS, Yang XQ. Acid/ethanol induced pectin gelling and its application in emulsion gel. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bin Sintang MD, Danthine S, Tavernier I, Van de Walle D, Doan CD, Aji Muhammad DR, Rimaux T, Dewettinck K. Polymer coated fat crystals as oil structuring agents: Fabrication and oil-structuring properties. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Whitby CP. Structuring Edible Oils With Fumed Silica Particles. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.585160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Chai X, Meng Z, Liu Y. Comparation of micro-viscosity of liquid oil in different colloidal fat crystal networks using molecular rotors. Food Chem 2020; 317:126382. [PMID: 32114277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro-viscosity is an important parameter to describe the microenvironment of the fat crystal network. In this study, we evaluated the micro-viscosity of the liquid oil confined in mixtures of palm kernel stearin (PKS)/soybean oil (SO) and fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil (FHRSO)/SO using molecular rotors. The micro-viscosity was shown to increase with solid fat content (SFC), as well as with high proportion of triglycerides that crystallized and formed stronger linked networks. In addition, the thickness of nanocrystals decreased with the increase of solid fat and denser fat crystal network appeared with larger box-counting fractal dimension. Mathematic fit analysis further indicated that molecular confinement of the oil was strongly dependent on the microstructure with high-space filling colloidal fat crystal networks. Larger box-counting fractal dimension led to higher micro-viscosity. However, the critical box-counting fractal dimension was found to be 1.86 irrespective of the nature of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chai X, Meng Z, Liu Y. Relationship between lipid composition and rheological properties of colloidal fat crystal networks: A comparative study using chemometrics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Liu C, Zheng Z, Zaaboul F, Cao C, Huang X, Liu Y. Effects of wax concentration and carbon chain length on the structural modification of fat crystals. Food Funct 2019; 10:5413-5425. [PMID: 31397453 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00813f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural waxes are cost-effective and potential fat crystallization modifiers; however, there is limited information about their implementation in solid triacylglycerol (TAG) oil. Herein, we investigated the effects of two natural waxes, namely, candelilla wax (CLW) and rice bran wax (RW), with different concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) and carbon chains on the crystal growth and structure of palm kernel stearin (PKS85). CLW significantly accelerated the PKS85 crystallization process. Both waxes could induce a new hydrocarbon chain with the lengths of 3.70 and 4.15 Å during the TAG crystallization, respectively. Particularly, X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that PKS85 combined with CLW showed a similar lamellar thickness (d001) and crystal domain size (ξ) with pure PKS85, whereas that of PKS85 containing RW was 1.7-1.8 and 1.5-1.8 fold higher, respectively. This result corresponded to the carbon chain length of CLW and RW, which was double and quadruple that of PKS85, respectively. Further, these variations were reflected in the crystal microstructures of PKS85 with CLW and RW, where the former showed small homogeneous crystals, while the latter displayed large rod-like layered crystals. In addition, the firmness significantly increased when CLW and RW were added, which is possibly attributed to the fact that the waxes became the backbone of the crystal "fence". Our findings give clear insight into the interaction between TAGs and wax molecules in the crystallization process, which can help guide the utilization of natural waxes in the modification of fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinlei Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chai X, Meng Z, Liu C, Liu Y. Structural and mechanical behavior of colloidal fat crystal networks of fully hydrogenated lauric acid-rich fats and rapeseed oils mixtures. Food Chem 2019; 288:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Understanding the role of hydrogen bonding in the aggregation of fumed silica particles in triglyceride solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 527:1-9. [PMID: 29775816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Fumed silica particles are thought to thicken organic solvents into gels by aggregating to form networks. Hydrogen bonding between silanol groups on different particle surfaces causes the aggregation. The gel structure and hence flow behaviour is altered by varying the proportion of silanol groups on the particle surfaces. However, characterising the gel using rheology measurements alone is not sufficient to optimise the aggregation. We have used confocal microscopy to characterise the changes in the network microstructure caused by altering the particle surface chemistry. EXPERIMENTS Organogels were formed by dispersing fumed silica nanoparticles in a triglyceride solvent. The particle surface chemistry was systematically varied from oleophobic to oleophilic by functionalisation with hydrocarbons. We directly visualised the particle networks using confocal scanning laser microscopy and investigated the correlations between the network structure and the shear response of the organogels. FINDINGS Our key finding is that the sizes of the pore spaces in the networks depend on the fraction of silanol groups available to form hydrogen bonds. The reduction in the network elasticity of gels formed by methylated particles can be accounted for by the increasing pore size and tenuous nature of the networks. This is the first report that characterises the changes in the microstructure of fumed silica particle networks in non-polar solvents caused by manipulating the particle surface chemistry.
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Wang Q, Huang J, Hu C, Xia N, Li T, Xia Q. Stabilization of a non-aqueous self-double-emulsifying delivery system of rutin by fat crystals and nonionic surfactants: preparation and bioavailability study. Food Funct 2017. [PMID: 28640295 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature examples of non-aqueous Pickering emulsions stabilized by fat crystals are very rare. Moreover, the applications of rutin are limited due to its low solubility in both water and oils (less than 0.10 mg g-1 and 0.25 mg g-1, respectively). Thus, herein, we developed an optimum formulation of a non-aqueous self-double-emulsifying delivery system (SDEDS) containing rutin and evaluated its oral bioavailability. The new formulation stabilized by fat crystals (glycerol monostearate, GMS) and nonionic surfactants was prepared via a two-step emulsification process. The presence of a mixture of GMS crystals and nonionic surfactants effectively improves the stability of the emulsions. The non-aqueous SDEDS spontaneously forms oil-in-oil-in-water (O/O/W) double emulsions in the gastrointestinal environment with the inner oil phase mainly containing the active ingredients. It is stable at both 4 °C and 25 °C for 30 days and could enhance the dissolution properties of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the protection of rutin against digestion-mediated precipitation was observed when the formulation contained a high concentration of GMS crystals. The oral absolute bioavailability of rutin obtained from SDEDS (8.62%) is 1.76-fold higher than that of the actives suspension (4.90%). Thus, the non-aqueous SDEDS is an attractive candidate for the encapsulation of water-insoluble and simultaneously oil-insoluble nutrients (such as rutin) and for use in oral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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13
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Chauhan RR, Dullens RPA, Velikov KP, Aarts DGA. Exploring concentration, surface area and surface chemistry effects of colloidal aggregates on fat crystal networks. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation into the effects of concentration, surface area and surface chemistry of silica aggregates on a model fat-structured system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raamanand R. Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Roel P. A. Dullens
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Krassimir P. Velikov
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen
- 3133 AT Vlaardingen
- The Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
| | - Dirk G. A. L. Aarts
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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