1
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Li J, Chandgude AL, Zheng Q, Dömling A. Innovative synthesis of drug-like molecules using tetrazole as core building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:950-958. [PMID: 38711589 PMCID: PMC11070966 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrazole is widely utilized as a bioisostere for carboxylic acid in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development, enhancing the drug-like characteristics of various molecules. Typically, tetrazoles are introduced from their nitrile precursors through late-stage functionalization. In this work, we propose a novel strategy involving the use of diversely protected, unprecedented tetrazole aldehydes as building blocks. This approach facilitates the incorporation of the tetrazole group into multicomponent reactions or other chemistries, aiding in the creation of a variety of complex, drug-like molecules. These innovative tetrazole building blocks are efficiently and directly synthesized using a Passerini three-component reaction (PT-3CR), employing cost-effective and readily available materials. We further showcase the versatility of these new tetrazole building blocks by integrating the tetrazole moiety into various multicomponent reactions (MCRs), which are already significantly employed in drug discovery. This technique represents a unique and complementary method to existing tetrazole synthesis processes. It aims to meet the growing demand for tetrazole-based compound libraries and novel scaffolds, which are challenging to synthesize through other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Li
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palackӯ University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Li J, Zheng Q, Dömling A. Exploring Phthalimide as the Acid Component in the Passerini Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:829-833. [PMID: 38227542 PMCID: PMC10845143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, particularly the Passerini reaction, serve as efficient tools for the synthesis of druglike molecules and the creation of compound libraries. Despite the effectiveness of the Passerini reaction, the limited alternatives to the crucial carboxylic acid component pose a structural constraint. Here, we have discovered that the phthalimide moiety and its derivatives react in the Passerini reaction as an acid component. We explored their potential in synthesizing diverse and intricate molecules. The phthalimide moiety stands out as a favorable building block due to its oxidative stability, heat-stable characteristics, and resistance to solvents. Our approach introduces a novel perspective to multicomponent reactions by incorporating NH-based acid components, addressing the ongoing need for the development of innovative molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Li
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Zheng
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University
of Groningen, Department of Drug
Design, A. Deusinglaan
1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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3
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Divyavani C, Padmaja P, Reddy PN. Isocyanide-based Multicomponent Reactions (IMCRs) in Water or Aqueous Biphasic Systems. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:140-165. [PMID: 37005400 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230330170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocyanide is an intriguing one-carbon synthon that is frequently employed in a variety of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are effective synthetic tools in organic synthesis for the preparation of complex heterocyclic molecules. The IMCRs in water have become an attractive research direction, enabling simultaneous growth of both IMCRs and green solvents towards ideal organic synthesis. OBJECTIVE The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of IMCRs in water or biphasic aqueous systems for accessing various organic molecules, as well as an examination of their benefits and mechanistic insights. CONCLUSION High atom economies, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and catalyst-free processes are crucial features of these IMCRs in water or biphasic aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitteti Divyavani
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Padmavathi Women's Degree & PG College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pannala Padmaja
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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4
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Guo H, Zhou B, Chang J, Chang W, Feng J, Zhang Z. Multicomponent cyclization with azides to synthesize N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8054-8074. [PMID: 37801029 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds, both naturally derived and synthetically produced, constitute a wide variety of biologically active and industrially important compounds. The synthesis and application of heterocyclic compounds have garnered significant attention and experienced rapid growth in recent decades. Organic azides, due to their unique properties and distinctive reactivity, have become a convenient chemical tool for achieving a wide range of heterocycles such as triazoles and tetrazoles. Importantly, the field of multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry provides a convergent approach to access various N-heterocyclic scaffolds, offering novelty, diversity, and complexity. However, the exploration of MCR pathways to N-heterocyclic compounds remains incomplete. Here, we review the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of N-heterocycles. A wide range of reactions based on azides for the synthesis of various types of N-heterocyclic systems have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjing Chang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenxu Chang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiyao Feng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Salami SA, Safari JB, Smith VJ, Krause RWM. Mechanochemically-Assisted Passerini Reactions: A Practical and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Novel α-Acyloxycarboxamide Derivatives. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200268. [PMID: 37198143 PMCID: PMC10191865 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, and an isonitrile were combined in a single step (Passerini reaction) under mechanochemical activation to produce several α-acyloxycarboxamide derivatives in high to excellent yields within 15 min of milling. Mechanochemistry, when combined with the diversity provided by multicomponent reactions, enables the efficient synthesis of the target compounds, with great atom economy, shorter reaction times, and experimental simplicity. The method allows for the rapid production of a vast library of complex compounds from a limited number of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodeeq Aderotimi Salami
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR) Rhodes UniversityGrahamstown, Makhanda6139South Africa
| | - Justin Bazibuhe Safari
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR) Rhodes UniversityGrahamstown, Makhanda6139South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR) Rhodes UniversityGrahamstown, Makhanda6139South Africa
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR) Rhodes UniversityGrahamstown, Makhanda6139South Africa
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6
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Salami SA, Smith VJ, Krause RWM. N-Formamide as a carbonyl precursor in the catalytic synthesis of Passerini adducts under aqua and mechanochemical conditions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4019-4031. [PMID: 36756572 PMCID: PMC9890950 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly protocol is presented for the catalytic synthesis of α-acyloxycarboxamides using N-formamides as a carbonyl precursor under aqua and mechanochemical conditions. Immobilized sulfuric acid on silica gel was employed for the synthesis of desired products, via the reaction of benzoic acid, 1-napthylisocyanide and various heterocyclic N-formamides. After a careful optimization of the reaction conditions, the desired Passerini products were obtained in high to excellent yields in short reaction times (10-30 min) at room temperature. The highly efficient and environmentally friendly method provides a facile access to a library of α-acyloxycarboxamides derivatives for future research on bioactivity screening.
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7
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Salami SA, Siwe-Noundou X, Krause RWM. A More Sustainable Isocyanide Synthesis from N-Substituted Formamides Using Phosphorus Oxychloride in the Presence of Triethylamine as Solvent. Molecules 2022; 27:6850. [PMID: 36296444 PMCID: PMC9608669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, green, and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of isocyanides is described. The reaction involves dehydration of formamides with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of triethylamine as solvent at 0 °C. The product isocyanides were obtained in high to excellent yields in less than 5 min. The method offers several advantages including increased synthesis speed, relatively mild conditions, and rapid access to large numbers of functionalized isocyanides, excellent purity, increased safety, and minimal reaction waste. The new approach of synthesising dehydrative isocyanides from formamides is significantly more environmentally-friendly than prior methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
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8
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Nasiriani T, Javanbakht S, Nazeri MT, Farhid H, Khodkari V, Shaabani A. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions in Water: Advanced Green Tools for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:50. [PMID: 36136281 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reaction rate acceleration using green methods is an intriguing area of research for chemists. In this regard, water as a "green solvent" plays a crucial role in the acceleration of some organic transformations and reveals exclusive selectivity and reactivity in comparison with conventional organic solvents. In particular, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) as sustainable tools lead to the rapid generation of small-molecule libraries in water and aqueous media due to the prominent role of the hydrophobic effect. MCRs, as diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) methods, have great efficiency with simple operations, atom, pot, and step economy synthesis, and mechanistic beauty. Among diverse classes of MCRs, isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (I-MCRs), as sustainable and versatile reactions, have gained considerable attention in the synthesis of diverse heterocycle rings, especially in drug design because of the peculiar nature of isocyanide as a particular active reactant. I-MCRs that are performed in water are mild, environmentally friendly, and easily controlled, and have a reduced number of workup, purification, and extraction steps, which fit well with the advantages of "green" chemistry. Performing these powerful organic transformations in water and aqueous media is accompanied by acceleration owing to negative activation volumes, which originate from connecting several reactants together to generate a single product. It should be noted that the combination of MCR strategy and aqueous phase reaction is of growing interest for the development of sustainable synthetic techniques in organic conversions. However, an exclusive account focusing on the recent progress in eco-friendly I-MCRs for the construction of heterocycles in water and aqueous media is particularly lacking. This review highlights the progress of various kinds of I-MCRs in water and aqueous media as benign methods for the efficient construction of vital heterocyclic scaffolds, with a critical discussion of the subject in the period 2000-2021. We hope that this themed collection will be of interest and beneficial for organic and pharmaceutical chemists and will inspire more reaction development in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nasiriani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siamak Javanbakht
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hassan Farhid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Vida Khodkari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zhao Y. DTBP
‐promoted Passerini‐type reaction of isocyanides with aldehydes: Synthesis of α‐acyloxycarboxamides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Zi‐Han Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yu‐Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
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10
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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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11
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Thomaidi M, Vagiaki LE, Tripolitsiotis NP, Angeli GK, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Sidiropoulou K, Neochoritis C. Local anesthetics via multicomponent reactions. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200246. [PMID: 35642621 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics occupy a prime position in clinical medicine as they temporarily relieve the pain by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. However, limited structural diversity, problems with the efficiency of syntheses and increasing toxicity, mean that alternative scaffolds with improved chemical syntheses are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate an MCR-based approach both towards the synthesis of commercial local anesthetics and towards novel derivatives as potential anesthesia candidates via scaffold hopping. The reactions are efficient and scalable and several single-crystal structures have been obtained. In addition, our methodology has been applied to the synthesis of the antianginal drug ranolazine, via an Ugi three-component reaction. Representative derivatives from our libraries were evaluated as neuronal activity inhibitors using local field potential recordings (LFPs) in mouse hippocampal brain slices and showed very promising results. This study highlights new opportunities in drug discovery targeting local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomaidi
- University of Crete: Panepistemio Kretes, Chemistry, GREECE
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12
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Neto BAD, Eberlin MN, Sherwood J. Solvent Screening Is Not Solvent Effect: A Review on the Most Neglected Aspect of Multicomponent Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry University of Brasília Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília Distrito Federal 70904-900 Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- School of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology MackMass Laboratory Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo SP 01302-907 Brazil
| | - James Sherwood
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington North Yorkshire YO10 5DD UK
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13
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Origin of enantioselectivity and product-distribution control in isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction catalysed by chiral N, N'-dioxide-Mg(II) complex. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Lohmann N, Milovanović V, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Metal-free oxoammonium salt-mediated C(sp 3)-H oxidative Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2896-2908. [PMID: 35319061 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient oxidative C(sp3)-H Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction of cyclic benzylic amines to the corresponding α-tetrazolo compounds using a TEMPO salt as mild hydride abstractor-type oxidant is reported. This simple one-pot approach allows the direct functionalization of N-heterocycles such as tetrahydroisoquinolines with a variety of isocyanides and NaN3 as a practical azide source. The reaction proceeds at room temperature and without the need of acid additives, allowing for the use of sensitive substrates, while minimizing isocyanide polymerization to provide the desired heterocycle-tetrazole products in synthetically useful yields (up to 99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lohmann
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany. .,University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- University of Münster, Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Department of Drug Design University of Groningen Design A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design University of Groningen Design A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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16
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Dodda JM, Azar MG, Sadiku R. Crosslinking Trends in Multicomponent Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100232. [PMID: 34612608 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent-based hydrogels are well established candidates for biomedical applications. However, certain aspects of multicomponent systems, e.g., crosslinking, structural binding, network formation, proteins/drug incorporation, etc., are challenging aspects to modern biomedical research. The types of crosslinking and network formation are crucial for the effective combination of multiple component systems. The creation of a complex system in the overall structure and the crosslinking efficiency of different polymeric chains in an organized fashion are crucially important, especially when the materials are for biomedical applications. Therefore, the engineering of hydrogel has to be, succinctly understood, carefully formulated, and expertly designed. The different crosslinking methods in use, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, coordination bonding, and self-assembly. The formations of double, triple, and multiple networks, are well established. A systematic study of the crosslinking mechanisms in multicomponent systems, in terms of the crosslinking types, network formation, intramolecular bonds between different structural units, and their potentials for biomedical applications, is lacking and therefore, these aspects require investigations. To this end, the present review, focuses on the recent advances in areas of the physical, chemical, and enzymatic crosslinking methods that are often, employed for the designing of multicomponent hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies-Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen, 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mina Ghafouri Azar
- New Technologies-Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen, 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Rotimi Sadiku
- Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, 0183, Republic of South Africa
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17
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Singh A, Kumar R. Sustainable Passerini-tetrazole three component reaction (PT-3CR): selective synthesis of oxaborol-tetrazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9708-9711. [PMID: 34555131 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable catalyst- and solvent-free Passerini-tetrazole three component reaction (PT-3CR) has been developed for the selective synthesis of benzoxaborol-tetrazoles for the first time. The synthetic potential of oxaboroles was demonstrated towards various functionalized tetrazoles, which are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional PT-3CR from aromatic aldehydes/ketones. The reaction features high practicality, broad substrate scope and excellent yields (80-98%). Preliminary results of the asymmetric PT-3CR are also shown for the synthesis of chiral benzoxaboroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP-201002, India
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18
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Sutanto F, Shaabani S, Neochoritis CG, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Patil P, Ghonchepour E, Dömling A. Multicomponent reaction-derived covalent inhibitor space. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9307. [PMID: 33536213 PMCID: PMC7857676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The area of covalent inhibitors is gaining momentum due to recently introduced clinical drugs, but libraries of these compounds are scarce. Multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry is well known for its easy access to a very large and diverse chemical space. Here, we show that MCRs are highly suitable to generate libraries of electrophiles based on different scaffolds and three-dimensional shapes and highly compatible with multiple functional groups. According to the building block principle of MCR, acrylamide, acrylic acid ester, sulfurylfluoride, chloroacetic acid amide, nitrile, and α,β-unsaturated sulfonamide warheads can be easily incorporated into many different scaffolds. We show examples of each electrophile on 10 different scaffolds on a preparative scale as well as in a high-throughput synthesis mode on a nanoscale to produce libraries of potential covalent binders in a resource- and time-saving manner. Our operational procedure is simple, mild, and step economical to facilitate future covalent library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Sutanto
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pravin Patil
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Ghonchepour
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Fouad MA, Abdel-Hamid H, Ayoup MS. Two decades of recent advances of Ugi reactions: synthetic and pharmaceutical applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42644-42681. [PMID: 35514898 PMCID: PMC9058431 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are powerful synthetic tools in which more than two starting materials couple with each other to form multi-functionalized compounds in a one-pot process, the so-called "tandem", "domino" or "cascade" reaction, or utilizing an additional step without changing the solvent, the so-called a sequential-addition procedure, to limit the number of synthetic steps, while increasing the complexity and the molecular diversity, which are highly step-economical reactions. The Ugi reaction, one of the most common multicomponent reactions, has recently fascinated chemists with the high diversity brought by its four- or three-component-based isonitrile. The Ugi reaction has been introduced in organic synthesis as a novel, efficient and useful tool for the preparation of libraries of multifunctional peptides, natural products, and heterocyclic compounds with stereochemistry control. In this review, we highlight the recent advances of the Ugi reaction in the last two decades from 2000-2019, mainly in the synthesis of linear or cyclic peptides, heterocyclic compounds with versatile ring sizes, and natural products, as well as the enantioselective Ugi reactions. Meanwhile, the applications of these compounds in pharmaceutical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ahmed Fouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
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20
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Hasan M, Zaman M, Peshkov AA, Amire N, Les A, Nechaev AA, Wang Y, Kashtanov S, Van der Eycken EV, Pereshivko OP, Peshkov VA. Four-Component One-Pot Process Involving Passerini Reaction Followed by Aldol Addition and Transesterification. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hasan
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Manzoor Zaman
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Anatoly A. Peshkov
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences and Humanities; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Niyaz Amire
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences and Humanities; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Adil Les
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences and Humanities; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Anton A. Nechaev
- Laboratory of Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC); Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Stepan Kashtanov
- Department of Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory of Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC); Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Chemistry; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University); Miklukho-Maklaya street 6 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Olga P. Pereshivko
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences and Humanities; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Vsevolod A. Peshkov
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences and Humanities; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
- The Environment and Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC); Department of Chemistry; Nazarbayev University; 010000 Nur-Sultan Republic of Kazakhstan
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21
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Alexakos PD, Wardrop DJ. N-Morpholinomethyl-5-lithiotetrazole: A Reagent for the One-Pot Synthesis of 5-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12430-12436. [PMID: 31483677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, one-pot method for the preparation of 5-(1-hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles is reported. N-Morpholinomethyl-5-lithiotetrazole, generated by the deprotonation of 4-(N-tetrazolylmethyl)morpholine with LiHMDS, undergoes addition to ketones and aldehydes (both aromatic and aliphatic) to form 5-(1-hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles in a high yield, after acidic workup. The reported protocol displays a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, avoids the use of cyanide- or azide-based reagents, and provides access to sterically congested and unsaturated tetrazoles, which are difficult to access by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis D Alexakos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7061 , United States
| | - Duncan J Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7061 , United States
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22
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Fatahi H, Jafarzadeh M, Pourmanouchehri Z. Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles and 5‐Substituted 1 H‐Tetrazoles Using an Efficient Nanocatalyst of Fe 3O 4@SiO 2–APTES‐supported Trifluoroacetic Acid. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Fatahi
- Faculty of ChemistryRazi University Kermanshah 67149‐67346 Iran
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23
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Liu MG, Liu N, Xu WH, Wang L. Tandem reaction strategy of the Passerini/Wittig reaction based on the in situ capture of isocyanides: One-pot synthesis of heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Tetrazole derivatives are a prime class of heterocycles, very important to medicinal chemistry and drug design due to not only their bioisosterism to carboxylic acid and amide moieties but also to their metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties. Although more than 20 FDA-approved drugs contain 1 H- or 2 H-tetrazole substituents, their exact binding mode, structural biology, 3D conformations, and in general their chemical behavior is not fully understood. Importantly, multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry offers convergent access to multiple tetrazole scaffolds providing the three important elements of novelty, diversity, and complexity, yet MCR pathways to tetrazoles are far from completely explored. Here, we review the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of substituted tetrazole derivatives. We highlight specific applications and general trends holding therein and discuss synthetic approaches and their value by analyzing scope and limitations, and also enlighten their receptor binding mode. Finally, we estimated the prospects of further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Zhao
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Liu N, Chao F, Liu MG, Huang NY, Zou K, Wang L. Odorless Isocyanide Chemistry: One-Pot Synthesis of Heterocycles via the Passerini and Postmodification Tandem Reaction Based on the in Situ Capture of Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2366-2371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Fei Chao
- Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ming-Guo Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biology and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Nian-Yu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biology and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biology and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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26
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Yuan X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Luo J. An intramolecular relay catalysis strategy for Knoevenagel condensation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition domino reactions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23614-23621. [PMID: 35530586 PMCID: PMC9073340 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A relay catalysis strategy was established by using a bifunctional catalyst which was prepared by immobilization of organic chains containing secondary amine and Cu(ii) complex onto silica-coated nano-Fe3O4. The simply prepared nanoparticles acted as efficient, intramolecular relays and magnetically recyclable base-metal bifunctional catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition domino reactions to prepare 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles with excellent yields. A magnetically recoverable bifunctional catalyst was synthesized and effectively used in Knoevenagel condensation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition domino reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Zijuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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27
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Quinodoz P, Wright K, Drouillat B, Kletskii ME, Burov ON, Lisovin AV, Couty F. α-Hydroxy-Tetrazoles as Latent Ethynyl Moieties: A Mechanistic Investigation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Quinodoz
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Mikhail E. Kletskii
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; 7, Zorge St. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N. Burov
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; 7, Zorge St. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Anton. V. Lisovin
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; 7, Zorge St. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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28
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Kurva M, Pharande SG, Quezada-Soto A, Gámez-Montaño R. Ultrasound assisted green synthesis of bound type bis-heterocyclic carbazolyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Choline Azide: New Reagent and Ionic Liquid in Catalyst-Free and Solvent-Free Synthesis of 5-Substituted-1H
-Tetrazoles: A Triple Function Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Chandgude AL, Narducci D, Kurpiewska K, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Dömling A. Diastereoselective One Pot Five-Component Reaction toward 4-(Tetrazole)-1,3-Oxazinanes. RSC Adv 2017; 7:49995-49998. [PMID: 29430295 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diastereoselective one pot five-component reaction toward the synthesis of 4-(tetrazole)-1,3-oxazinanes has been reported. The sonication-accelerated, catalyst-free, simple, general and highly time efficient, Asinger-Ugi-tetrazole reaction was used for the synthesis of diverse 4-(tetrazole)-1,3-oxazinanes. The reaction exhibit excellent diastereoselectivity and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Narducci
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics Biocrystallography Group, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kalinowska-Tłuścik
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics Biocrystallography Group, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L. Chandgude
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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