1
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Wu Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Li K, Zeng W, Wang S, Meng Y. Label free and high-throughput discrimination of cells at a bipolar electrode array using the AC electrodynamics. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341701. [PMID: 37709447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell characterization and manipulation play an important role in biological and medical applications. Cell viability evaluation is of significant importance for cell toxicology assay, dose test of anticancer drugs, and other biochemical stimulations. The electrical properties of cells change when cells transform from healthy to a pathological state. Current methods for evaluating cell viability usually requires a complicated chip and the throughput is limited. RESULTS In this paper, a bipolar electrode (BPE) array based microfluidic device for assessing cell viability is exploited using AC electrodynamics. The viability of various cells including yeast cells and K562 cells, can be evaluated by analyzing the electro-rotation (ROT) speed and direction of cells, as well as the dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses of cells. Firstly, the cell viability can be identified by the position of the cell captured on the BPE electrode in terms of DEP force. Besides, cell viability can also be evaluated based on both the cell rotation speed and direction using ROT. Under the action of travelling wave dielectric electrophoresis force, the cell viability can also be distinguished by the rotational motion of cells on bipolar electrode edges. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the utility of BPEs to enable scalable and high-throughput AC electrodynamics platforms by imparting a flexibility in chip design that is unparalleled by using traditional electrodes. By using BPEs, our proposed new technique owns wide application for cell characterization and viability assessment in situ detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, PR China.
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Yingqi Meng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
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2
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Oladokun R, Adekanmbi EO, An V, Gangavaram I, Srivastava SK. Dielectrophoretic profiling of erythrocytes to study the impacts of metabolic stress, temperature, and storage duration utilizing a point-and-planar microdevice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17281. [PMID: 37828082 PMCID: PMC10570315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is widely utilized for trapping and sorting various types of cells, including live and dead cells and healthy and infected cells. This article focuses on the dielectric characterization of erythrocytes (red blood cells or RBCs) by quantifying DEP crossover frequency using a novel point-and-planar microwell device platform. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software demonstrate that the distribution of the DEP force is influenced by factors such as the shape of the point electrode, spacing between the point and planar electrodes, and the type of bioparticle being investigated. The dependency on electrode spacing is experimentally evaluated by analyzing the DEP crossover response of erythrocytes. Furthermore, the results are validated against the traditional electrical characterization technique called electrorotation, which typically requires laborious fabrication and operation using quadrupole electrodes. Other significant factors, including erythrocyte storage age and the changes in cell properties over time since collection, osmolarity, and temperature, are also assessed to determine the optimal conditions for erythrocyte characterization. The findings indicate a significant difference between fresh and stored erythrocyte samples (up to 4 days), highlighting the importance of maintaining an isotonic medium for cell storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Oladokun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Dr., PO Box 6102, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6102, USA
| | | | - Vanessa An
- Summer 2022 High School Intern, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Isha Gangavaram
- Summer 2022 High School Intern, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Soumya K Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Dr., PO Box 6102, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6102, USA.
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3
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Tahmasebi A, Habibi S, Collins JL, An R, Dehdashti E, Minerick AR. pH Gradients in Spatially Non-Uniform AC Electric Fields around the Charging Frequency; A Study of Two Different Geometries and Electrode Passivation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1655. [PMID: 37763818 PMCID: PMC10534923 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a precision nonlinear electrokinetic tool utilized within microfluidic devices, can induce bioparticle polarization that manifests as motion in the electric field; this phenomenon has been leveraged for phenotypic cellular and biomolecular detection, making DEP invaluable for diagnostic applications. As device operation times lengthen, reproducibility and precision decrease, which has been postulated to be caused by ion gradients within the supporting electrolyte medium. This research focuses on characterizing pH gradients above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency (0.2-1.4 times charging frequency) in an aqueous electrolyte solution in order to extend the parameter space for which microdevice-imposed artifacts on cells in clinical diagnostic devices have been characterized. The nonlinear alternating current (AC) electric fields (0.07 Vpp/μm) required for DEP were generated via planar T-shaped and star-shaped microelectrodes overlaid by a 70 μm high microfluidic chamber. The experiments were designed to quantify pH changes temporally and spatially in the two microelectrode geometries. In parallel, a 50 nm hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin film on the microelectrodes was tested to provide insights into the role of Faradaic surface reactions on the pH. Electric field simulations were conducted to provide insights into the gradient shape within the microelectrode geometries. Frequency dependence was also examined to ascertain ion electromigration effects above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency. The results revealed Faradaic reactions above, at, and below the electrode charging frequency. Comparison experiments further demonstrated that pH changes caused by Faradaic reactions increased inversely with frequency and were more pronounced in the star-shaped geometry. Finally, HfO2 films demonstrated frequency-dependent properties, impeding Faradaic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Tahmasebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeana L Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ran An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Esmaeil Dehdashti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Adrienne Robyn Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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4
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Xia A, Shen C, Wei C, Meng L, Hu Z, Zhang L, Chen M, Li L, He N, Hao X. Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a "Tai Chi"-Shaped Planar Passive Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1414. [PMID: 37512725 PMCID: PMC10383477 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Microfluidic chips have found extensive applications in multiple fields due to their excellent analytical performance. As an important platform for micro-mixing, the performance of micromixers has a significant impact on analysis accuracy and rate. However, existing micromixers with high mixing efficiency are accompanied by high pressure drop, which is not conducive to the integration of micro-reaction systems; (2) Methods: This paper proposed a novel "Tai Chi"-shaped planar passive micromixer with high efficiency and low pressure drop. The effect of different structural parameters was investigated, and an optimal structure was obtained. Simulations on the proposed micromixer and two other micromixers were carried out while mixing experiments on the proposed micromixer were performed. The experimental and simulation results were compared; (3) Results: The optimized values of the parameters were that the straight channel width w, ratio K of the outer and inner walls of the circular cavity, width ratio w1/w2 of the arc channel, and number N of mixing units were 200 μm, 2.9, 1/2, and 6, respectively. Moreover, the excellent performance of the proposed micromixer was verified when compared with the other two micromixers; (4) Conclusions: The mixing efficiency M at all Re studied was more than 50%, and at most Re, the M was nearly 100%. Moreover, the pressure drop was less than 18,000 Pa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Xia
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | | | - Lingchen Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Mengyue Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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5
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Lv B, Cai J. Simulation and analysis of geometric parameters based on Taguchi method in Y-Y microfluidic device for circulating tumor cell separation by alternating current dielectrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463894. [PMID: 36854211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has shown a remarkable ability to separate circulating tumor cells (CTC) in microfluidic devices. It can be used more effectively by further understanding the effect of geometric parameters on its separation performance. In this paper, the separation performance of a Y-Y microfluidic device was examined by varying its geometry parameters. In the device, the alternating current dielectrophoresis (AC DEP) method was used to separate CTC. 16 device models with various geometric parameters were created based on the Taguchi method. The geometric parameters included main channel length L, main channel width W, interelectrode angle α, and buffer inlet channel angle β. The electric field, flow field, and cell trajectory in the device were all numerically simulated to analyze the effect of geometric parameters. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to determine the order of effect degree and optimal combination of geometric parameters. The results demonstrated that raising the flow velocity in the buffer inlet could enhance the separation purity. The separation purity was affected by the geometric parameters in the order of W> α> L> β. β had the weakest impact on the separation purity and accounted for 7.81%, while W had the most remarkable impact and accounted for 50.48%. It is found that the set of L = 1080 µm, W = 110 µm, α= 60°, and β= 60° is the optimal combination of geometric parameters. A fitting regression equation is found to describe well the effect of these parameters on separation purity. The results may provide a guide for designing microfluidic devices for separating CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Lv
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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6
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Mohammadi R, Afsaneh H, Rezaei B, Moghimi Zand M. On-chip dielectrophoretic device for cancer cell manipulation: A numerical and artificial neural network study. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024102. [PMID: 36896355 PMCID: PMC9991445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as one of the most frequent types of cancer in women, imposes large financial and human losses annually. MCF-7, a well-known cell line isolated from the breast tissue of cancer patients, is usually used in breast cancer research. Microfluidics is a newly established technique that provides many benefits, such as sample volume reduction, high-resolution operations, and multiple parallel analyses for various cell studies. This numerical study presents a novel microfluidic chip for the separation of MCF-7 cells from other blood cells, considering the effect of dielectrophoretic force. An artificial neural network, a novel tool for pattern recognition and data prediction, is implemented in this research. To prevent hyperthermia in cells, the temperature should not exceed 35 °C. In the first part, the effect of flow rate and applied voltage on the separation time, focusing efficiency, and maximum temperature of the field is investigated. The results denote that the separation time is affected by both the input parameters inversely, whereas the two remaining parameters increase with the input voltage and decrease with the sheath flow rate. A maximum focusing efficiency of 81% is achieved with a purity of 100% for a flow rate of 0.2 μ L / min and a voltage of 3.1 V . In the second part, an artificial neural network model is established to predict the maximum temperature inside the separation microchannel with a relative error of less than 3% for a wide range of input parameters. Therefore, the suggested label-free lab-on-a-chip device separates the target cells with high-throughput and low voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Mohammadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
| | - Hadi Afsaneh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Behnam Rezaei
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS, and LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moghimi Zand
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS, and LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
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7
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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8
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Deivasigamani R, Mohd Maidin NN, Abdul Nasir NS, Abdulhameed A, Ahmad Kayani AB, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:573-620. [PMID: 36604943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label-free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP-based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP-viable bioparticle manipulation for health-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Bakhtiaridoost S, Habibiyan H, Ghafoorifard H. A microfluidic device to separate high-quality plasma from undiluted whole blood sample using an enhanced gravitational sedimentation mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340641. [PMID: 36628743 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in lab-on-a-chip systems for plasma separation has led to the presentation of various devices. Trench-based devices benefiting from gravitational sedimentation are efficient structures with air-locking and low speed-drawbacks. The present study introduces a fast, hemolysis-free, highly efficient blood plasma separation microfluidic device. The proposed device is based on gravitational sedimentation combined with dielectrophoresis force to promote the purity of the separated plasma, reduce the separation process time, and overcome the air-locking problem. The effect of geometrical parameters on the separation process is investigated using finite element analysis to attain optimal design specifications. A drop of whole blood (10 μl) is injected into the fabricated chip at four flow rates of 70 nl/s to 100 nl/s. It takes less than 4 min to obtain 2.2 μl plasma from undiluted blood without losing plasma proteins. Additionally, a porous Melt-Blown Polypropylene (MBPP) layer is used to eliminate the air-locking problem, which in previous trench-based microsystems led to time-consuming device preparation steps. Blood samples with various hematocrits (15%-65%) are tested with the applied voltages of 0-20 Vpp through the optimized structure. A purity of 99.98% ± 0.02% (evaluated by hemocytometry) is achieved using optimized dielectrophoresis force by the applied voltage of 20 Vpp, which is more than the previous studies. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results confirm obtaining a non-hemolyzed sample at a flow rate of 70 nl/s. The proposed device achieves a relative increase in the flow rate compared to similar previous studies while maintaining the high quality of the separated plasma. This achievement lies in using the MBPP layer and combining two separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Habibiyan
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ghafoorifard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Design optimization and performance tuning of curved-DC-iDEP particle separation chips. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Hu W, Wu B, Srivastava SK, Ay SU. Comparative Study and Simulation of Capacitive Sensors in Microfluidic Channels for Sensitive Red Blood Cell Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101654. [PMID: 36296007 PMCID: PMC9610494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics provides an indispensable platform for combining analytical operations such as sample preparation, mixing, separation/enrichment, and detection onto a single compact platform, defined as a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device with applicability in biomedical and life science applications. Due to its ease of integration, 1D interdigital capacitive (IDC) sensors have been used in microfluidic platforms to detect particles of interest. This paper presents a comparative study on the use of capacitive sensors for microfluidic devices to detect bioparticles, more specifically red blood cells (RBCs). The detection sensitivities of 1D, 2D, and 3D capacitive sensors were determined by simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics® v5.5. A water-filled 25 μm × 25 μm PDMS microfluidic channel was used with different sizes (5-10 μm) of red blood cells passing across the capacitive sensor regions. The conformal mapping was used for translating the 1D IDC sensor dimensions into equivalent 2D/3D parallel plate capacitance (PPC) sensor dimensions, creating similar absolute sensor capacitance. The detection sensitivity of each capacitive sensor is determined, and a new 3D PPC sensor structure was proposed to improve the sensitivity for high-resolution RBC detection in microfluidic channels. Proposed 2D and 3D sensors provide a 3× to 20× improvement in sensitivity compared to the standard 1D IDC structures, achieving a 100 aF capacitance difference when a healthy RBC passes in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Jinke Road 2537, Pudong District, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Bingxing Wu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Jinke Road 2537, Pudong District, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102, USA
| | - Suat Utku Ay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1023, USA
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Szymborski TR, Czaplicka M, Nowicka AB, Trzcińska-Danielewicz J, Girstun A, Kamińska A. Dielectrophoresis-Based SERS Sensors for the Detection of Cancer Cells in Microfluidic Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:681. [PMID: 36140065 PMCID: PMC9496591 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of freely circulating cancer cells (CTCs) is one of the greatest challenges of modern medical diagnostics. For several years, there has been increased attention on the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of CTCs. SERS is a non-destructive, accurate and precise technique, and the use of special SERS platforms even enables the amplification of weak signals from biological objects. In the current study, we demonstrate the unique arrangement of the SERS technique combined with the deposition of CTCs cells on the surface of the SERS platform via a dielectrophoretic effect. The appropriate frequencies of an alternating electric field and a selected shape of the electric field can result in the efficient deposition of CTCs on the SERS platform. The geometry of the microfluidic chip, the type of the cancer cells and the positive dielectrophoretic phenomenon resulted in the trapping of CTCs on the surface of the SERS platform. We presented results for two type of breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, deposited from the 0.1 PBS solution. The limit of detection (LOD) is 20 cells/mL, which reflects the clinical potential and usefulness of the developed approach. We also provide a proof-of-concept for these CTCs deposited on the SERS platform from blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R. Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Danielewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Martinez-Duarte R, Mager D, Korvink JG, Islam M. Evaluating carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis under the ASSURED criteria. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:922737. [PMID: 35958120 PMCID: PMC9360481 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.922737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme point-of-care refers to medical testing in unfavorable conditions characterized by a lack of primary resources or infrastructure. As witnessed in the recent past, considerable interest in developing devices and technologies exists for extreme point-of-care applications, for which the World Health Organization has introduced a set of encouraging and regulating guidelines. These are referred to as the ASSURED criteria, an acronym for Affordable (A), Sensitive (S), Specific (S), User friendly (U), Rapid and Robust (R), Equipment-free (E), and Delivered (D). However, the current extreme point of care devices may require an intermediate sample preparation step for performing complex biomedical analysis, including the diagnosis of rare-cell diseases and early-stage detection of sepsis. This article assesses the potential of carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (CarbonDEP) for sample preparation competent in extreme point-of-care, following the ASSURED criteria. We first discuss the theory and utility of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and the advantages of using carbon microelectrodes for this purpose. We then critically review the literature relevant to the use of CarbonDEP for bioparticle manipulation under the scope of the ASSURED criteria. Lastly, we offer a perspective on the roadmap needed to strengthen the use of CarbonDEP in extreme point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jan G. Korvink
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Monsur Islam
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14
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Çağlayan Arslan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. Label-free enrichment of MCF7 breast cancer cells from leukocytes using continuous flow dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1531-1544. [PMID: 35318696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream are strongly linked to the invasive behavior of cancer; therefore, their detection holds great significance for monitoring disease progression. Currently available CTC isolation tools are often based on tumor-specific antigen or cell size approaches. However, these techniques are limited due to the lack of a unique and universal marker for CTCs, and the overlapping size between CTCs and regular blood cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), governed by the intrinsic dielectric properties of the particles, is a promising marker-free, accurate, fast, and low-cost technique that enables the isolation of CTCs from blood cells. This study presents a continuous flow, antibody-free DEP-based microfluidic device to concentrate MCF7 breast cancer cells, a well-established CTC model, in the presence of leukocytes extracted from human blood samples. The enrichment strategy was determined according to the DEP responses of the corresponding cells, obtained in our previously reported DEP spectrum study. It was based on the positive-DEP integrated with hydrodynamic focusing under continuous flow. In the proposed device, the parylene microchannel with two inlets and outlets was built on top of rectangular and equally spaced isolated planar electrodes rotated certain degree relative to the main flow (13°). The recovery of MCF7 cells mixed with leukocytes was 74%-98% at a frequency of 1 MHz and a magnitude of 10-12 Vpp . Overall, the results revealed that the presented system successfully concentrates MCF7 cancer cells from leukocytes, ultimately verifying our DEP spectrum study, in which the enrichment frequency and separation strategy of the microfluidic system were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan Arslan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey.,METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Panklang N, Techaumnat B, Wisitsoraat A, Putaporntip C, Chotivanich K, Suzuki Y. A discrete dielectrophoresis device for the separation of malaria‐infected cells. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1347-1356. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitipong Panklang
- Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Boonchai Techaumnat
- Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anurat Wisitsoraat
- Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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16
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Latent potential of current plant diagnostics for detection of sugarcane diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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17
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Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
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18
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Xiang N, Ni Z. Electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter for size-based cell sorting. Talanta 2021; 235:122807. [PMID: 34517664 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional batch-top cell sorters are often bulky and expensive, and miniaturized microfluidic sorters available mostly require field generators and electricity-powered pumping systems. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, portable cell sorter that can be used in low resource settings is essential. In this study, we propose such an electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter that can be used for the high-efficiency sorting of differently sized cells in a continuous and passive manner. The proposed hand-held sorter is composed of a wheel-shaped all-in-one syringe inertial microfluidic sorter (i-sorter) with flow stabilizer units and two spring-driven mechanical syringe drivers. The release of the compression spring in the mechanical syringe driver through a one-click operation provides the flow driving force. Passive flow stabilizer units in the i-sorter enable flow-rate-sensitive inertial cell separation for the unstable driving flow rate generated by the low-cost mechanical syringe driver. We successfully achieved sorting of differently sized particles and high-efficiency separation of rare tumor cells from the blood using the fabricated prototype. Our hand-held inertial microfluidic cell sorter has many advantages, including low device cost, simple electricity-free operation, compactness, and portability; additionally, samples do not need to be pre-labelled. Therefore, it has potential for use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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19
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Duncan JL, Davalos RV. A review: Dielectrophoresis for characterizing and separating similar cell subpopulations based on bioelectric property changes due to disease progression and therapy assessment. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2423-2444. [PMID: 34609740 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of dielectrophoresis for high-fidelity separations and characterizations of subpopulations to highlight the recent advances in the electrokinetic field as well as provide insight into its progress toward commercialization. The role of cell subpopulations in heterogeneous clinical samples has been studied to deduce their role in disease progression and therapy resistance for instances such as cancer, tissue regeneration, and bacterial infection. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a label-free electrokinetic technique, has been used to characterize and separate target subpopulations from mixed samples to determine disease severity, cell stemness, and drug efficacy. Despite its high sensitivity to characterize similar or related cells based on their differing bioelectric signatures, DEP has been slowly adopted both commercially and clinically. This review addresses the use of dielectrophoresis for the identification of target cell subtypes in stem cells, cancer cells, blood cells, and bacterial cells dependent on cell state and therapy exposure and addresses commercialization efforts in light of its sensitivity and future perspectives of the technology, both commercially and academically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L Duncan
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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20
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Yousuff CM, Tirth V, Zackria Ansar Babu Irshad M, Irshad K, Algahtani A, Islam S. Numerical Study of Joule Heating Effects on Microfluidics Device Reliability in Electrode Based Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5819. [PMID: 34640216 PMCID: PMC8510067 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In electrode-based microfluidic devices, micro channels having narrow cross sections generate undesirable temperature inside the microfluidic device causing strong thermal distribution (joule heating) that eventually leads to device damage or cell loss. In this work, we investigate the effects of joule heating due to different electrode configuration and found that, electrodes with triangular arrangements produce less heating effect even at applied potential of 30 V, without compromising the performance of the device and separation efficiency. However, certain electrode materials have low thermal gradients but erode the channel quickly thereby affecting the reliability of the device. Our simulation also predicts optimal medium conductivity (10 mS/m with 10 V) for cells to survive inside the channel until they are selectively isolated into the collection outlet. Our investigations will aid the researchers in the designing of efficient and reliable microfluidic devices to overcome joule heating inside the microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caffiyar Mohammed Yousuff
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and Technology, Melvisharam 632509, India;
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia; (V.T.); (A.A.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Zackria Ansar Babu Irshad
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and Technology, Melvisharam 632509, India;
| | - Kashif Irshad
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd, University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia; (V.T.); (A.A.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiful Islam
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia;
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21
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Maidin NNM, Buyong MR, Rahim RA, Mohamed MA. Dielectrophoresis applications in biomedical field and future perspectives in biomedical technology. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2033-2059. [PMID: 34346062 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a technique to manipulate trajectories of polarisable particles in non-uniform electric fields by utilising unique dielectric properties. The manipulation of a cell using DEP has been demonstrated in various modes, thereby indicating potential applications in the biomedical field. In this review, recent DEP applications in the biomedical field are discussed. This review is intended to highlight research work that shows significant approach related to dielectrophoresis application in biomedical field reported between 2016 and 2020. Firstly, single-shell model and multiple-shell model of cells are introduced. Current device structures and recently introduced electrode patterns for DEP applications are discussed. Secondly, the biomedical uses of DEP in liquid biopsies, stem cell therapies, and diagnosis of infectious diseases due to bacteria and viruses are presented. Finally, the challenges in DEP research are discussed, and the reported solutions are explained. DEP's potential research directions are mentioned. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ruslinda A Rahim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia.,National Nanotechnology Centre (NNC), Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, 62662, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronic (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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22
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Rashid NFA, Deivasigamani R, Wee MFMR, Hamzah AA, Buyong MR. Integration of a Dielectrophoretic Tapered Aluminum Microelectrode Array with a Flow Focusing Technique. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21154957. [PMID: 34372193 PMCID: PMC8347692 DOI: 10.3390/s21154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the integration of a flow focusing microfluidic device in a dielectrophoretic application that based on a tapered aluminum microelectrode array (TAMA). The characterization and optimization method of microfluidic geometry performs the hydrodynamic flow focusing on the channel. The sample fluids are hydrodynamically focused into the region of interest (ROI) where the dielectrophoresis force (FDEP) is dominant. The device geometry is designed using 3D CAD software and fabricated using the micro-milling process combined with soft lithography using PDMS. The flow simulation is achieved using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 to study the effect of the flow rate ratio between the sample fluids (Q1) and the sheath fluids (Q2) toward the width of flow focusing. Five different flow rate ratios (Q1/Q2) are recorded in this experiment, which are 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. The width of flow focusing is increased linearly with the flow rate ratio (Q1/Q2) for both the simulation and the experiment. At the highest flow rate ratio (Q1/Q2 = 1), the width of flow focusing is obtained at 638.66 µm and at the lowest flow rate ratio (Q1/Q2 = 0.2), the width of flow focusing is obtained at 226.03 µm. As a result, the flow focusing effect is able to reduce the dispersion of the particles in the microelectrode from 2000 µm to 226.03 µm toward the ROI. The significance of flow focusing on the separation of particles is studied using 10 and 1 µm polystyrene beads by applying a non-uniform electrical field to the TAMA at 10 VPP, 150 kHz. Ultimately, we are able to manipulate the trajectories of two different types of particles in the channel. For further validation, the focusing of 3.2 µm polystyrene beads within the dominant FDEP results in an enhanced manipulation efficiency from 20% to 80% in the ROI.
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23
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Deivasigamani R, Maidin NNM, Wee MFMR, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. Dielectrophoresis Prototypic Polystyrene Particle Synchronization toward Alive Keratinocyte Cells for Rapid Chronic Wound Healing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3007. [PMID: 33922993 PMCID: PMC8123363 DOI: 10.3390/s21093007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes patients are at risk of having chronic wounds, which would take months to years to resolve naturally. Chronic wounds can be countered using the electrical stimulation technique (EST) by dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is label-free, highly sensitive, and selective for particle trajectory. In this study, we focus on the validation of polystyrene particles of 3.2 and 4.8 μm to predict the behavior of keratinocytes to estimate their crossover frequency (fXO) using the DEP force (FDEP) for particle manipulation. MyDEP is a piece of java-based stand-alone software used to consider the dielectric particle response to AC electric fields and analyzes the electrical properties of biological cells. The prototypic 3.2 and 4.8 μm polystyrene particles have fXO values from MyDEP of 425.02 and 275.37 kHz, respectively. Fibroblast cells were also subjected to numerical analysis because the interaction of keratinocytes and fibroblast cells is essential for wound healing. Consequently, the predicted fXO from the MyDEP plot for keratinocyte and fibroblast cells are 510.53 and 28.10 MHz, respectively. The finite element method (FEM) is utilized to compute the electric field intensity and particle trajectory based on DEP and drag forces. Moreover, the particle trajectories are quantified in a high and low conductive medium. To justify the simulation, further DEP experiments are carried out by applying a non-uniform electric field to a mixture of different sizes of polystyrene particles and keratinocyte cells, and these results are well agreed. The alive keratinocyte cells exhibit NDEP force in a highly conductive medium from 100 kHz to 25 MHz. 2D/3D motion analysis software (DIPP-MotionV) can also perform image analysis of keratinocyte cells and evaluate the average speed, acceleration, and trajectory position. The resultant NDEP force can align the keratinocyte cells in the wound site upon suitable applied frequency. Thus, MyDEP estimates the Clausius-Mossotti factors (CMF), FEM computes the cell trajectory, and the experimental results of prototypic polystyrene particles are well correlated and provide an optimistic response towards keratinocyte cells for rapid wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.D.); (N.N.M.M.); (M.F.M.R.W.); (M.A.M.)
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24
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Characterization and Separation of Live and Dead Yeast Cells Using CMOS-Based DEP Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030270. [PMID: 33800809 PMCID: PMC8001765 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at developing a miniaturized CMOS integrated silicon-based microfluidic system, compatible with a standard CMOS process, to enable the characterization, and separation of live and dead yeast cells (as model bio-particle organisms) in a cell mixture using the DEP technique. DEP offers excellent benefits in terms of cost, operational power, and especially easy electrode integration with the CMOS architecture, and requiring label-free sample preparation. This can increase the likeliness of using DEP in practical settings. In this work the DEP force was generated using an interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEs) placed on the bottom of a CMOS-based silicon microfluidic channel. This system was primarily used for the immobilization of yeast cells using DEP. This study validated the system for cell separation applications based on the distinct responses of live and dead cells and their surrounding media. The findings confirmed the device’s capability for efficient, rapid and selective cell separation. The viability of this CMOS embedded microfluidic for dielectrophoretic cell manipulation applications and compatibility of the dielectrophoretic structure with CMOS production line and electronics, enabling its future commercially mass production.
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25
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wan K, Wu M, Guo L, Liu X, Wei G. On the design, functions, and biomedical applications of high-throughput dielectrophoretic micro-/nanoplatforms: a review. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4330-4358. [PMID: 33620368 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient, rapid and label-free micro-/nanoparticle separation technique, dielectrophoresis (DEP) has attracted widespread attention in recent years, especially in the field of biomedicine, which exhibits huge potential in biomedically relevant applications such as disease diagnosis, cancer cell screening, biosensing, and others. DEP technology has been greatly developed recently from the low-flux laboratory level to high-throughput practical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DEP technology in biomedical applications, including firstly the design of various types and materials of DEP electrode and flow channel, design of input signals, and other improved designs. Then, functional tailoring of DEP systems with endowed specific functions including separation, purification, capture, enrichment and connection of biosamples, as well as the integration of multifunctions, are demonstrated. After that, representative DEP biomedical application examples in aspects of disease detection, drug synthesis and screening, biosensing and cell positioning are presented. Finally, limitations of existing DEP platforms on biomedical application are discussed, in which emphasis is given to the impact of other electrodynamic effects such as electrophoresis (EP), electroosmosis (EO) and electrothermal (ET) effects on DEP efficiency. This article aims to provide new ideas for the design of novel DEP micro-/nanoplatforms with desirable high throughput toward application in the biomedical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Keming Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Mingxue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Research Center for High-Value Utilization of Waste Biomass, College of Life Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
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26
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Lapizco-Encinas BH. Microscale nonlinear electrokinetics for the analysis of cellular materials in clinical applications: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:104. [PMID: 33651196 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review article presents a discussion of some of the latest advancements in the field of microscale electrokinetics for the analysis of cells and subcellular materials in clinical applications. The introduction presents an overview on the use of electric fields, i.e., electrokinetics, in microfluidics devices and discusses the potential of electrokinetic-based methods for the analysis of liquid biopsies in clinical and point-of-care applications. This is followed by four comprehensive sections that present some of the newest findings on the analysis of circulating tumor cells, blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), stem cells, and subcellular particles (extracellular vesicles and mitochondria). The valuable contributions discussed here (with 131 references) were mainly published during the last 3 to 4 years, providing the reader with an overview of the state-of-the-art in the use of microscale electrokinetic methods in clinical analysis. Finally, the conclusions summarize the main advancements and discuss the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Institute Hall (Bldg. 73), Room 3103, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623-5604, USA.
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27
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Xiong S, Chen X. Mixing performance of an electroosmotic micromixer with Koch fractal structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021; 19:97-103. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, we have designed a Koch fractal electroosmotic micromixer (KFEM). A low-voltage electroosmotic micromixer. In order to optimize the electrode position, Koch microchannel is designed according to the Koch fractal principle and the electrode pairs based on the fractal are arranged. Then the effect of electrode voltage, electrode distribution positions, the number of electrode pairs, two kinds of Koch fractal structures, Reynolds (Re) number and the frequency of alternating current (AC) on the mixing performance are studied. The results show that the mixing efficiency can reach 99% in a short time when the AC voltage is 1 V, the AC frequency is 12 Hz and the electroosmotic micromixer has two sets of electrode pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xiong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou , Liaoning 121001 , China
| | - Xueye Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University , Yantai , Shandong 264025 , China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou , Liaoning 121001 , China
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shandong 266590 , China
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Giduthuri AT, Theodossiou SK, Schiele NR, Srivastava SK. Dielectrophoretic Characterization of Tenogenically Differentiating Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 33669223 PMCID: PMC7919818 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tendons are collagenous musculoskeletal tissues that connect muscles to bones and transfer the forces necessary for movement. Tendons are susceptible to injury and heal poorly, with long-term loss of function. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are a promising approach for treating tendon injuries but are challenged by the difficulties of controlling stem cell fate and of generating homogenous populations of stem cells optimized for tenogenesis (differentiation toward tendon). To address this issue, we aim to explore methods that can be used to identify and ultimately separate tenogenically differentiated MSCs from non-tenogenically differentiated MSCs. In this study, baseline and tenogenically differentiating murine MSCs were characterized for dielectric properties (conductivity and permittivity) of their outer membrane and cytoplasm using a dielectrophoretic (DEP) crossover technique. Experimental results showed that unique dielectric properties distinguished tenogenically differentiating MSCs from controls after three days of tenogenic induction. A single shell model was used to quantify the dielectric properties and determine membrane and cytoplasm conductivity and permittivity. Together, cell responses at the crossover frequency, cell morphology, and shell models showed that changes potentially indicative of early tenogenesis could be detected in the dielectric properties of MSCs as early as three days into differentiation. Differences in dielectric properties with tenogenesis indicate that the DEP-based label-free separation of tenogenically differentiating cells is possible and avoids the complications of current label-dependent flow cytometry-based separation techniques. Overall, this work illustrates the potential of DEP to generate homogeneous populations of differentiated stem cells for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1021, USA; (A.T.G.); (S.K.T.); (N.R.S.)
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Combined negative dielectrophoresis with a flexible SERS platform as a novel strategy for rapid detection and identification of bacteria. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2007-2020. [PMID: 33507352 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a vibrational method successfully applied in analytical chemistry, molecular biology and medical diagnostics. In this article, we demonstrate the combination of the negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) phenomenon and a flexible surface-enhanced Raman platform for quick isolation (3 min), concentration and label-free identification of bacteria. The platform ensures a strong enhancement factor, high stability and reproducibility for the SERS response of analyzed samples. By introducing radial dielectrophoretic forces directed at the SERS platform, we can efficiently execute bacterial cell separation, concentration and deposition onto the SERS-active surface, which simultaneously works as a counter electrode and thus enables such hybrid DEP-SERS device vibration-based detection. Additionally, we show the ability of our DEP-SERS system to perform rapid, cultivation-free, direct detection of bacteria in urine and apple juice samples. The device provides new opportunities for the detection of pathogens.
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Kumar S, Nehra M, Khurana S, Dilbaghi N, Kumar V, Kaushik A, Kim KH. Aspects of Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Personalized Health Wellness. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:383-402. [PMID: 33488077 PMCID: PMC7814661 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s267212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in analytical diagnostic systems for point-of-care (POC) application have gained considerable attention because of their rapid operation at the site required to manage severe diseases, even in a personalized manner. The POC diagnostic devices offer easy operation, fast analytical outcome, and affordable cost, which promote their advanced research and versatile adoptability. Keeping advantages in view, considerable efforts are being made to design and develop smart sensing components such as miniaturized transduction, interdigitated electrodes-based sensing chips, selective detection at low level, portable packaging, and sustainable durability to promote POC diagnostics according to the needs of patient care. Such effective diagnostics systems are in demand, which creates the challenge to make them more efficient in every aspect to generate a desired bio-informatic needed for better health access and management. Keeping advantages and scope in view, this mini review focuses on practical scenarios associated with miniaturized analytical diagnostic devices at POC application for targeted disease diagnostics smartly and efficiently. Moreover, advancements in technologies, such as smartphone-based operation, paper-based sensing assays, and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) which made POC more sensitive, informative, and suitable for major infectious disease diagnosis, are the main focus here. Besides, POC diagnostics based on automated patient sample integration with a sensing platform is continuously improving therapeutics interventions against specific infectious disease. This review also discussed challenges associated with state-of-the-art technology along with future research opportunities to design and develop next generation POC diagnostic systems needed to manage infectious diseases in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sakina Khurana
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, USA
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Xiong S, Chen X, Wang J. A novel three-dimensional electroosmotic micromixer based on the Koch fractal principle. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12860-12865. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixing performance of micromixers. (a) The voltage value is 0 V. (b) The voltage value is 3 V. (c) The voltage value is 10 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xiong
- College of Transportation
- Ludong University
- Yantai
- China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation
| | - Xueye Chen
- College of Transportation
- Ludong University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Department of Information Engineering
- Chaoyang Teachers College
- Chaoyang
- China
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32
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Giduthuri AT, Theodossiou SK, Schiele NR, Srivastava SK. Dielectrophoresis as a tool for electrophysiological characterization of stem cells. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2020; 1:011304. [PMID: 38505626 PMCID: PMC10903368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a nonlinear electrokinetic technique caused by Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization of neutral particles in an electrolyte solution, is a powerful cell manipulation method used widely for various applications such as enrichment, trapping, and sorting of heterogeneous cell populations. While conventional cell characterization and sorting methods require tagging or labeling of cells, DEP has the potential to manipulate cells in a label-free way. Due to its unique ability to characterize and sort cells without the need of labeling, there is renewed interest in using DEP for stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various lineages, but achieving homogeneous cell phenotypes from an initially heterogeneous cell population is a challenge. Using DEP to efficiently and affordably identify, sort, and enrich either undifferentiated or differentiated stem cell populations in a label-free way would advance their potential uses for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent, significant research findings regarding the electrophysiological characterization of stem cells, with a focus on cellular dielectric properties, i.e., permittivity and conductivity, and on studies that have obtained these measurements using techniques that preserve cell viability, such as crossover frequency. Potential applications for DEP in regenerative medicine are also discussed. Overall, DEP is a promising technique and, when used to characterize, sort, and enrich stem cells, will advance stem cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. Giduthuri
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
| | - Sophia K. Theodossiou
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
| | - Nathan R. Schiele
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
| | - Soumya K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA
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Mahesh K, Varma M, Sen P. Double-peak signal features in microfluidic impedance flow cytometry enable sensitive measurement of cell membrane capacitance. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4296-4309. [PMID: 33094786 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The probing of individual cells at specific frequency regimes in a microfluidic impedance flow cytometer led to the observation of unusual "double peak" features in the reactive component of the resulting signal. The phenomenon was restricted to the lower frequencies (400-800 kHz) of the β-dispersion regime and its occurrence was facilitated by the co-planar microelectrode geometry in the device. To understand the reasons for this anomalous behaviour, the system was modelled using COMSOL. The simulated model agreed well with experimental observations and provided insight into the origins of this signal profile and the effect of various parameters on its behaviour. One of the most significant observations of this study was the high sensitivity of the features in the "double peak" profile to changes in cell membrane capacitance (CMC), compared to conventional "single peaks" of reactive impedance. This was consequently exploited to accurately distinguish populations of normal and glutaraldehyde treated erythrocytes based on variations in their CMC, indicating a drastic decrease in the CMC of treated cells. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability of using this double peak effect to identify cell populations within a mixture of PBMCs. This study is an improvement over conventional approaches of measuring CMC via impedance flow cytometry by enabling the measurement of both cell size and cell membrane properties at a single frequency rather than using multiple frequencies. Using a single frequency significantly simplifies the system and reduces the associated costs. Additionally, this technique enables the measurement of CMC at relatively low frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Mahesh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Manoj Varma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India. and Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems (RBCCPS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India.
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34
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Çağlayan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. A Prominent Cell Manipulation Technique in BioMEMS: Dielectrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E990. [PMID: 33153069 PMCID: PMC7693018 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BioMEMS, the biological and biomedical applications of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), has attracted considerable attention in recent years and has found widespread applications in disease detection, advanced diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, implantable devices, and tissue engineering. One of the most essential and leading goals of the BioMEMS and biosensor technologies is to develop point-of-care (POC) testing systems to perform rapid prognostic or diagnostic tests at a patient site with high accuracy. Manipulation of particles in the analyte of interest is a vital task for POC and biosensor platforms. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced movement of particles in a non-uniform electrical field due to polarization effects, is an accurate, fast, low-cost, and marker-free manipulation technique. It has been indicated as a promising method to characterize, isolate, transport, and trap various particles. The aim of this review is to provide fundamental theory and principles of DEP technique, to explain its importance for the BioMEMS and biosensor fields with detailed references to readers, and to identify and exemplify the application areas in biosensors and POC devices. Finally, the challenges faced in DEP-based systems and the future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
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35
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Antunez-Vela S, Perez-Gonzalez VH, De Peña AC, Lentz CJ, Lapizco-Encinas BH. Simultaneous Determination of Linear and Nonlinear Electrophoretic Mobilities of Cells and Microparticles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14885-14891. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Antunez-Vela
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Victor H. Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Adriana Coll De Peña
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Cody J. Lentz
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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36
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Puttaswamy SV, Bhalla N, Kelsey C, Lubarsky G, Lee C, McLaughlin J. Independent and grouped 3D cell rotation in a microfluidic device for bioimaging applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112661. [PMID: 33032194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell rotation reveals important information which facilitates identification and characterization of different cells. Markedly, achieving three dimensional (3D) rolling rotation of single cells within a larger group of cells is rare among existing cell rotation techniques. In this work we present a simple biochip which can be used to trap and rotate a single cell, or to rotate multiple cells relative to each other within a group of individual red blood cells (RBCs), which is crucial for imaging cells in 3D. To achieve single RBC trapping, we employ two parallel sidewall 3D electrodes to produce a dielectrophoretic force which traps cells inside the capturing chambers of the microfluidic device, where the hydrodynamic force then induces precise rotation of the cell inside the chamber. We have also demonstrated the possibility of using the developed biochip to preconcentrate and rotate RBC clusters in 3D. As our proposed cell trapping and rotation device reduces the intricacy of cell rotation, the developed technique may have important implications for high resolution 3D cell imaging in the investigation of complex cell dynamics and interactions in moving media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasu Valagerahally Puttaswamy
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin Kelsey
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gennady Lubarsky
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
| | - James McLaughlin
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Elitas M, Sengul E. Quantifying Heterogeneity According to Deformation of the U937 Monocytes and U937-Differentiated Macrophages Using 3D Carbon Dielectrophoresis in Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060576. [PMID: 32521676 PMCID: PMC7345647 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A variety of force fields have thus far been demonstrated to investigate electromechanical properties of cells in a microfluidic platform which, however, are mostly based on fluid shear stress and may potentially cause irreversible cell damage. This work presents dielectric movement and deformation measurements of U937 monocytes and U937-differentiated macrophages in a low conductive medium inside a 3D carbon electrode array. Here, monocytes exhibited a crossover frequency around 150 kHz and presented maximum deformation index at 400 kHz and minimum deformation index at 1 MHz frequencies at 20 Vpeak-peak. Although macrophages were differentiated from monocytes, their crossover frequency was lower than 50 kHz at 10 Vpeak-peak. The change of the deformation index for macrophages was more constant and lower than the monocyte cells. Both dielectric mobility and deformation spectra revealed significant differences between the dielectric responses of U937 monocytes and U937-differentiated macrophages, which share the same origin. This method can be used for label-free, specific, and sensitive single-cell characterization. Besides, damage of the cells by aggressive shear forces can, hence, be eliminated and cells can be used for downstream analysis. Our results showed that dielectric mobility and deformation have a great potential as an electromechanical biomarker to reliably characterize and distinguish differentiated cell populations from their progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Elitas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-538-810-2930
| | - Esra Sengul
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
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Epping MS, Wedde S, Grundmann A, Radukic M, Gröger H, Hummel A, Viefhues M. Dielectrophoretic analysis of the impact of isopropyl alcohol on the electric polarisability of Escherichia coli whole-cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3925-3933. [PMID: 32157360 PMCID: PMC7235074 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell biocatalysts are versatile tools in (industrial) production processes; though, the effects that impact the efficiency are not fully understood yet. One main factor that affects whole-cell biocatalysts is the surrounding medium, which often consists of organic solvents due to low solubility of substrates in aqueous solutions. It is expected that organic solvents change the biophysical and biochemical properties of the whole-cell biocatalysts, e.g. by permeabilising the cell membrane, and thus analysis of these effects is of high importance. In this work, we present an analysis method to study the impact of organic solvents on whole-cell biocatalysts by means of dielectrophoresis. For instance, we evaluate the changes of the characteristic dielectrophoretic trapping ratio induced by incubation of Escherichia coli, serving as a model system, in an aqueous medium containing isopropyl alcohol. Therefore, we could evaluate the impact on the electric polarisability of the cells. For this purpose, a special microchannel device was designed and Escherichia coli cells were genetically modified to reliably synthesise a green fluorescent protein. We could demonstrate that our method was capable of revealing different responses to small changes in isopropyl alcohol concentration and incubation duration. Complementary spectrophotometric UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible light) absorbance analysis of released NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H cofactor and proteins confirmed our results. Based on our results, we discuss the biophysical effects taking place during incubation. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Epping
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Severin Wedde
- Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Fermentation Engineering, Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Grundmann
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marco Radukic
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anke Hummel
- Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Alnaimat F, Mathew B, Alazzam A. Simulation of a microfluidic device employing dielectrophoresis for liquid biopsy. Med Eng Phys 2020; 81:130-135. [PMID: 32507676 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article details simulation based study of cell separation in a dielectrophoretic microfluidic device. The device consists of a narrow microchannel connected to a wide microchannel with several finite sized planar interdigitated transducer electrodes protruding into the narrow microchannel from one of its sidewalls. In the narrow microchannel, the circulating tumor cells are subjected to positive dielectrophoresis while the regular cells are subjected to negative dielectrophoresis to achieve separation and as all cells move in to the wide microchannel, the physical distance between the two types of cells increases thereby making their collection from the device easier. Equations describing motion, fluid field, electric field, and electric potential form the mathematical model and accounts for forces related to inertia, drag, and dielectrophoresis. Applied electric potential, electrode/gap length, and tumor cell diameter have a positive effect on the performance metrics while velocity of the medium and microchannel width have negative effect on the performance metrics. The model presented in this article is beneficial in realizing liquid biopsy with the desired performance metrics using the proposed microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Alnaimat
- Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, UAE
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40
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Matbaechi Ettehad H, Soltani Zarrin P, Hölzel R, Wenger C. Dielectrophoretic Immobilization of Yeast Cells Using CMOS Integrated Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E501. [PMID: 32429098 PMCID: PMC7281093 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a dielectrophoretic system for the immobilization and separation of live and dead cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a promising and efficient investigation technique for the development of novel lab-on-a-chip devices, which characterizes cells or particles based on their intrinsic and physical properties. Using this method, specific cells can be isolated from their medium carrier or the mixture of cell suspensions (e.g., separation of viable cells from non-viable cells). Main advantages of this method, which makes it favorable for disease (blood) analysis and diagnostic applications are, the preservation of the cell properties during measurements, label-free cell identification, and low set up cost. In this study, we validated the capability of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated microfluidic devices for the manipulation and characterization of live and dead yeast cells using dielectrophoretic forces. This approach successfully trapped live yeast cells and purified them from dead cells. Numerical simulations based on a two-layer model for yeast cells flowing in the channel were used to predict the trajectories of the cells with respect to their dielectric properties, varying excitation voltage, and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honeyeh Matbaechi Ettehad
- IHP–Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt/Oder, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Pouya Soltani Zarrin
- IHP–Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt/Oder, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Ralph Hölzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Christian Wenger
- IHP–Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt/Oder, Germany; (P.S.Z.); (C.W.)
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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41
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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42
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Creation of an electrokinetic characterization library for the detection and identification of biological cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3935-3945. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liang W, Yang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yang W, Liu L. Label-free characterization of different kinds of cells using optoelectrokinetic-based microfluidics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2454-2457. [PMID: 32287257 DOI: 10.1364/ol.384883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method to rapidly characterize different kinds of cells and drug-treated cancer cells using a label-free biomarker of self-rotation in an optoelectrokinetics (OEK)-based microfluidic platform. OEK incorporates optics and electrokinetics into microfluidics, thereby offering a contact-free, label-free, and rapid approach to the cellular manipulation community. Self-rotational behaviors of four different kinds of cells were experimentally investigated by the frequency-sweeping of an AC bias potential in an optically induced nonuniform and irrotational electric field. The results revealed that these kinds of cells displayed a Gaussian distribution versus the AC frequency as well as different self-rotational speeds under the same conditions. Furthermore, the peak self-rotational speed varied from one kind of cell to another, with that of cancer cells higher than that of normal cells. In addition, MCF-7 cells treated by various concentrations of drug showed remarkably different self-rotational speeds. This finding suggests a high potential of developing a new label-free biomarker to rapidly distinguish different kinds of cancer cells and quantitatively monitor the response of cancer patients to various treatments.
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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45
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Dielectric Characterization and Separation Optimization of Infiltrating Ductal Adenocarcinoma via Insulator-Dielectrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040340. [PMID: 32218322 PMCID: PMC7230867 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The dielectrophoretic separation of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma cells (ADCs) from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a ~1.4 mm long Y-shaped microfluidic channel with semi-circular insulating constrictions is numerically investigated. In this work, ADCs (breast cancer cells) and PBMCs' electrophysiological properties were iteratively extracted through the fitting of a single-shell model with the frequency-conductivity data obtained from AC microwell experiments. In the numerical computation, the gradient of the electric field required to generate the necessary dielectrophoretic force within the constriction zone was provided through the application of electric potential across the whole fluidic channel. By adjusting the difference in potentials between the global inlet and outlet of the fluidic device, the minimum (effective) potential difference with the optimum particle transmission probability for ADCs was found. The radius of the semi-circular constrictions at which the effective potential difference was swept to obtain the optimum constriction size was also obtained. Independent particle discretization analysis was also conducted to underscore the accuracy of the numerical solution. The numerical results, which were obtained by the integration of fluid flow, electric current, and particle tracing module in COMSOL v5.3, reveal that PBMCs can be maximally separated from ADCs using a DC power source of 50 V. The article also discusses recirculation or wake formation behavior at high DC voltages (>100 V) even when sorting of cells are achieved. This result is the first step towards the production of a supplementary or confirmatory test device to detect early breast cancer non-invasively.
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Zhang J, Song Z, Liu Q, Song Y. Recent advances in dielectrophoresis‐based cell viability assessment. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:917-932. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhang
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of RadiotherapyJiaozhou Central Hospital Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Liu
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
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Disease diagnostics using hydrodynamic flow focusing in microfluidic devices: Beyond flow cytometry. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:241-257. [PMID: 32431954 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-disciplinary field of microfluidics has the potential to provide solutions to a diverse set of problems. It offers the advantages of high-throughput, continuous, rapid and expeditious analysis requiring minute quantities of sample. However, even as this field has yielded many mass-manufacturable and cost-efficient point-of-care devices, its direct and practical applications into the field of disease diagnostics still remain limited and largely overlooked by the industry. This review focuses on the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing and its potential to materialize solutions for appropriate diagnosis and prognosis. The study aims to look beyond its intended cytometric applications and focus on unambiguous disease detection, monitoring, drug delivery, studies conducted on DNA and highlight the instances in the scientific literature that have proposed such approach.
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Jahangiri M, Ranjbar-Torkamani M, Abadijoo H, Ghaderinia M, Ghafari H, Mamdouh A, Abdolahad M. Low frequency stimulation induces polarization-based capturing of normal, cancerous and white blood cells: a new separation method for circulating tumor cell enrichment or phenotypic cell sorting. Analyst 2020; 145:7636-7645. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Separation of cancerous cells from normal cells is of broad importance in a large number of cancer diagnosis and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Jahangiri
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Mina Ranjbar-Torkamani
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Hadi Ghafari
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Amir Mamdouh
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Bio Electronics Laboratory
- Cancer Electronics research group
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
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49
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Chen Q, Cao Z, Yuan YJ. Study on non-bioparticles and Staphylococcus aureus by dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2598-2614. [PMID: 35496126 PMCID: PMC9048846 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrated a chip device with alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) for separation of non-biological micro-particle and bacteria mixtures. The DEP separation was achieved by a pair of metal electrodes with the shape of radal-interdigital to generate a localized non-uniform AC electric field. The electric field and DEP force were firstly investigated by finite element methods (FEM). The mixed microparticles such as different scaled polystyrene (PS) beads, PS beads with inorganic micro-particles (e.g., ZnO and silica beads) and non-bioparticles with bacterial Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were successfully separated at DEP-on-a-chip by an AC electric field of 20 kHz, 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. The results indicated that DEP trapping can be considered as a potential candidate method for investigating the separation of biological mixtures, and may well prove to have a great impact on in situ monitoring of environmental and/or biological samples by DEP-on-a-chip. This article demonstrated a chip device with alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) for separation of non-biological micro-particle and bacteria mixtures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhongqing Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yong J. Yuan
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
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50
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Zahedi Siani O, Sojoodi M, Zabetian Targhi M, Movahedin M. Blood Particle Separation Using Dielectrophoresis in A Novel Microchannel: A Numerical Study. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:218-226. [PMID: 31721537 PMCID: PMC6874797 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective We present a four-branch model of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) method that takes into consideration the
inherent properties of particles, including size, electrical conductivity, and permittivity coefficient. By using this model,
bioparticles can be continuously separated by the application of only a one-stage separation process.
Materials and Methods In this numerical study, we based the separation process on the differences in the particle
sizes. We used the various negative DEP forces on the particles caused by the electrodes to separate them with a high
efficiency. The particle separator could separate blood cells because of their different sizes.
Results Blood cells greater than 12 μm were guided to a special branch, which improved separation efficiency because
it prevented the deposition of particles in other branches. The designed device had the capability to separate blood cells
with diameters of 2.0 μm, 6.2 μm, 10.0 μm, and greater than 12.0 μm. The applied voltage to the electrodes was 50 V
with a frequency of 100 kHz.
Conclusion The proposed device is a simple, efficient DEP-based continuous cell separator. This capability makes it
ideal for use in various biomedical applications, including cell therapy and cell separation, and results in a throughput
increment of microfluidics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zahedi Siani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sojoodi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mohammad Zabetian Targhi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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