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Männik J, Teshima TF, Wolfrum B, Yang D. Lab-on-a-chip based mechanical actuators and sensors for single-cell and organoid culture studies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2021; 129:210905. [PMID: 34103765 PMCID: PMC8175090 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
All living cells constantly experience and respond to mechanical stresses. The molecular networks that activate in cells in response to mechanical stimuli are yet not well-understood. Our limited knowledge stems partially from the lack of available tools that are capable of exerting controlled mechanical stress to individual cells and at the same time observing their responses at subcellular to molecular resolution. Several tools such as rheology setups, micropipetes, and magnetic tweezers have been used in the past. While allowing to quantify short-time viscoelastic responses, these setups are not suitable for long-term observations of cells and most of them have low throughput. In this Perspective, we discuss lab-on-a-chip platforms that have the potential to overcome these limitations. Our focus is on devices that apply shear, compressive, tensile, and confinement derived stresses to single cells and organoid cultures. We compare different design strategies for these devices and highlight their advantages, drawbacks, and future potential. While the majority of these devices are used for fundamental research, some of them have potential applications in medical diagnostics and these applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Männik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | | | - Da Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Yunas J, Mulyanti B, Hamidah I, Mohd Said M, Pawinanto RE, Wan Ali WAF, Subandi A, Hamzah AA, Latif R, Yeop Majlis B. Polymer-Based MEMS Electromagnetic Actuator for Biomedical Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1184. [PMID: 32455993 PMCID: PMC7284590 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive review of polymer-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electromagnetic (EM) actuators and their implementation in the biomedical engineering field. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary on the latest development of electromagnetically driven microactuators for biomedical application that is focused on the movable structure development made of polymers. The discussion does not only focus on the polymeric material part itself, but also covers the basic mechanism of the mechanical actuation, the state of the art of the membrane development and its application. In this review, a clear description about the scheme used to drive the micro-actuators, the concept of mechanical deformation of the movable magnetic membrane and its interaction with actuator system are described in detail. Some comparisons are made to scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of electromagnetic MEMS actuator performance. The previous studies and explanations on the technology used to fabricate the polymer-based membrane component of the electromagnetically driven microactuators system are presented. The study on the materials and the synthesis method implemented during the fabrication process for the development of the actuators are also briefly described in this review. Furthermore, potential applications of polymer-based MEMS EM actuators in the biomedical field are also described. It is concluded that much progress has been made in the material development of the actuator. The technology trend has moved from the use of bulk magnetic material to using magnetic polymer composites. The future benefits of these compact flexible material employments will offer a wide range of potential implementation of polymer composites in wearable and portable biomedical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumril Yunas
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
| | - Budi Mulyanti
- Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (B.M.); (I.H.)
| | - Ida Hamidah
- Faculty of Engineering and Vocational Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (B.M.); (I.H.)
| | - Muzalifah Mohd Said
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia;
| | - Roer Eka Pawinanto
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Amar Fikri Wan Ali
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
| | - Ayub Subandi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
| | - Rhonira Latif
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.A.F.W.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.H.); (R.L.); (B.Y.M.)
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Cheeseman S, Christofferson AJ, Kariuki R, Cozzolino D, Daeneke T, Crawford RJ, Truong VK, Chapman J, Elbourne A. Antimicrobial Metal Nanomaterials: From Passive to Stimuli-Activated Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902913. [PMID: 32440470 PMCID: PMC7237851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria and fungi is one of the most significant health issues of the 21st century. Recently, advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials, particularly metals that exhibit antimicrobial properties. These metal nanomaterials have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial therapies. In this review, a broad overview of metal nanomaterials, their synthesis, properties, and interactions with pathogenic micro-organisms is first provided. Secondly, the range of nanomaterials that demonstrate passive antimicrobial properties are outlined and in-depth analysis and comparison of stimuli-responsive antimicrobial nanomaterials are provided, which represent the next generation of microbiocidal nanomaterials. The stimulus applied to activate such nanomaterials includes light (including photocatalytic and photothermal) and magnetic fields, which can induce magnetic hyperthermia and kinetically driven magnetic activation. Broadly, this review aims to summarize the currently available research and provide future scope for the development of metal nanomaterial-based antimicrobial technologies, particularly those that can be activated through externally applied stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cheeseman
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Andrew J. Christofferson
- School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Food Science and TechnologyBundoora CampusSchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3086Australia
| | - Rashad Kariuki
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Food Science and TechnologyBundoora CampusSchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3086Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Russell J. Crawford
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - James Chapman
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratorySchool of ScienceCollege of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
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Hu X, Torati SR, Kim H, Yoon J, Lim B, Kim K, Sitti M, Kim C. Multifarious Transit Gates for Programmable Delivery of Bio-functionalized Matters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901105. [PMID: 31058439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Programmable delivery of biological matter is indispensable for the massive arrays of individual objects in biochemical and biomedical applications. Although a digital manipulation of single cells has been implemented by the integrated circuits of micromagnetophoretic patterns with current wires, the complex fabrication process and multiple current operation steps restrict its practical application for biomolecule arrays. Here, a convenient approach using multifarious transit gates is proposed, for digital manipulation of biofunctionalized microrobotic particles that can pass through the local energy barriers by a time-dependent pulsed magnetic field instead of multiple current wires. The multifarious transit gates including return, delay, and resistance linear gates, as well as dividing, reversed, and rectifying T-junction gates, are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the programmable manipulation of microrobotic particles. The results demonstrate that, a suitable angle of the gating field at a suitable time zone is crucial to implement digital operations at integrated multifarious transit gates along bifurcation paths to trap microrobotic particles in specific apartments, paving the way for flexible on-chip arrays of biomolecules and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Hu
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sri Ramulu Torati
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseol Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Yoon
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Lim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunwoo Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - CheolGi Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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Zhu L, Huang W, Yang F, Yin L, Liang S, Zhao W, Mao L, Yu X(J, Qiao R, Zhao Y. Manipulation of Single Cells Using a Ferromagnetic Nanorod Cluster Actuated by Weak AC Magnetic Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e1800246. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- School of Chemical Materials and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Weijie Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Fengchang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
- JENSEN HUGHES, Inc. Blacksburg VA 24060 USA
| | - Lei Yin
- College of Public Health University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Shenxuan Liang
- College of Public Health University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | | | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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