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Yi H, Fu T, Ma D, Zhu C, Ma Y. Spontaneous Transfer of Droplets across a Microfluidic Liquid-Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5508-5517. [PMID: 38408020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The droplet transfer across an interface in a microchannel is extensively utilized in diverse fields; however, it is challenging to drive droplets to penetrate the interface at such a small scale. In this study, a novel flow pattern of droplet transfer is observed and the mechanism is investigated; accordingly, an accurate prediction equation for determining the critical condition of droplet transfer is proposed. Meanwhile, the liquid film entrainment is also observed, which leads to the formation of an oil-in-water-in-water system. This study serves as a valuable reference for further studies on the mechanism of droplet transfer and provides practical guidance for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Daofan Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Youguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Effects of hydrodynamics on the droplet adsorption at the interface of parallel flow in a microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang SH, Ju XJ, Deng CF, Cai QW, Su YY, Xie R, Wang W, Liu Z, Pan DW, Chu LY. Controllable Fabrication of Monodisperse Poly(vinyl alcohol) Microspheres with Droplet Microfluidics for Embolization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chuan-Fu Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Quan-Wei Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yao-Yao Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Da-Wei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Hazra S, Mitra S, Sen AK. Migration and Spreading of Droplets across a Fluid-Fluid Interface in Microfluidic Coflow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9660-9668. [PMID: 35876791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial migration of droplets in microfluidic confinements has significant relevance in cell biology and biochemical assays. So far, studies on passive interfacial migration of droplets are limited to co-flow interfaces having small interfacial tension (IFT ∼ 1 mN/m). Here, we elucidate the migration and spreading of droplets (SiO-1000, SiO-100, FC40, and castor oil as phase 3, P3) across the interface between a pair of coflowing streams (PEG as P1, SiO-100, SiO-20, FC40, and olive oil as P2) having large IFT (∼10 mN/m), with the three different phases immiscible. Interfacial migration involving interfaces of large IFT is facilitated by confining droplets between the channel wall and coflow interface. We find that contact between droplets and the coflow interface is governed by the confinement ratio (i.e., the ratio of drop size to stream width) and the ratio of the capillary numbers of the coflowing streams. Depending on the sign of the spreading parameter (S) of the co-flowing phases, droplet migration or spreading at the interface is observed. While interfacial migration is observed for S1 < 0 and S2 > 0, droplet spreading is observed for S1 < 0 and S2 < 0, where S1 and S2 are P1 and P2 side spreading parameters, respectively. We investigate the droplet migration dynamics and time evolution of the contact line and the interface. Our results show that the speed of interfacial migration increases with increasing spreading parameter contrast between the coflowing phases. In the droplet spreading case, we experimentally study the variation in the spreading length with time, revealing three distinct regimes in good agreement with predictions from analytical scaling. Our study explores the interfacial transport of droplets involving high IFT interfaces, advancing the fundamental understanding of the topic that may find relevance in droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Hazra
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sushanta Mitra
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashis Kumar Sen
- Fluid Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 Tamilnadu, India
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 Tamilnadu, India
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Chen W, Yu B, Wei Z, Mao S, Li T. The creation of raspberry-like droplets and their coalescence dynamics: An ideal model for certain biological processes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:752-758. [PMID: 35176541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Although a raspberry-like configuration has been long observed in biological processes (e.g., the intimate association between Cajal bodies and B-snurposomes), studies on this morphology are very limited. Raspberry-like droplets created with multiple immiscible liquids are expected to provides an ideal model for such structures in biological systems, including their possible formation mechanism, phase behaviors, and coalescence dynamics. EXPERIMENTS & SIMULATIONS Using three liquid phases, one surfactant and some colloidal particles, raspberry-like droplets containing one large central droplet and multiple protrusions embedded on its surface were successfully created. Confocal microscopy studies were carried out to track their formation and coalescence dynamics. A 2D phase-field model was applied to test the influence of the protrusions in the system. FINDINGS The formation of this raspberry-like morphology involves a partial inversion process, which was predicted by Friberg et al. with numerical simulations but has never been demonstrated experimentally. A two-step coalescence was revealed, where the protrusions merge first and create a capillary bridge, which drives the droplets to coalesce. Increasing the viscosity of the continuous phase can help to prevent the destabilization. These fundamental features of raspberry-like droplets represent an important step toward producing multi-liquid materials with unique functionality, and can potentially illuminate some biological systems and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Binbin Yu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Zhiyou Wei
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.
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Fu Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Bai L, Jin Y, Cheng Y. Numerical simulation of liquid mixing inside soft droplets with periodic deformation by a lattice Boltzmann method. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bayat P, Rezai P. Microfluidic curved-channel centrifuge for solution exchange of target microparticles and their simultaneous separation from bacteria. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5356-5363. [PMID: 29781012 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the common operations in sample preparation is to separate specific particles (e.g. target cells, embryos or microparticles) from non-target substances (e.g. bacteria) in a fluid and to wash them into clean buffers for further processing like detection (called solution exchange in this paper). For instance, solution exchange is widely needed in preparing fluidic samples for biosensing at the point-of-care and point-of-use, but still conducted via the use of cumbersome and time-consuming off-chip analyte washing and purification techniques. Existing small-scale and handheld active and passive devices for washing particles are often limited to very low throughputs or require external sources of energy. Here, we integrated Dean flow recirculation of two fluids in curved microchannels with selective inertial focusing of target particles to develop a microfluidic centrifuge device that can isolate specific particles (as surrogates for target analytes) from bacteria and wash them into a clean buffer at high throughput and efficiency. We could process micron-size particles at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and achieve throughputs higher than 104 particles per second. Our results reveal that the device is capable of singleplex solution exchange of 11 μm and 19 μm particles with efficiencies of 86 ± 2% and 93 ± 0.7%, respectively. A purity of 96 ± 2% was achieved in the duplex experiments where 11 μm particles were isolated from 4 μm particles. Application of our device in biological assays was shown by performing duplex experiments where 11 μm or 19 μm particles were isolated from an Escherichia coli bacterial suspension with purities of 91-98%. We envision that our technique will have applications in point-of-care devices for simultaneous purification and solution exchange of cells and embryos from smaller substances in high-volume suspensions at high throughput and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouriya Bayat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, BRG 433B, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Cui C, Zeng C, Wang C, Zhang L. Complex Emulsions by Extracting Water from Homogeneous Solutions Comprised of Aqueous Three-Phase Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12670-12680. [PMID: 29022717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple emulsions can be obtained by binary and ternary liquid phase separation. And the use of the aqueous two-phase system provides a simple route to prepare water-in-water-in-oil (W/W/O) or water-in-water-in-water (W/W/W) multiple emulsions. It is thus expected that we can fabricate more complex emulsions by using an aqueous three-phase system. Herein, we present a simple and versatile method to generate complex emulsions based on phase separation in homogeneous droplets made up of aqueous three-phase system: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and dextran (DEX) through extracting water from droplets. We examine the formation process and the effect of mass ratio of each two components in the three phase system. Emulsion droplets with five types of morphologies, i.e., binary-core/shell, core/shell-single phase Janus, ellipsoid Janus, multicore-in-matrix and single core-double shell morphologies can be formed, depending on the mass ratio of each two components and modification of PEG with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. We observe transition of core/shell-single phase Janus to binary-core/shell and single core-double shell to core/shell-single phase Janus geometry with prolongation of extracting time, and obtain the geometry map for the formation of different shaped droplets. Due to different affinities of PEG, PVA and DEX to certain materials, we functionalize each compartment in the complex emulsion droplets, and apply the resulting droplet for glucose sensing and the construction of antibody-mediated targeting drug delivery. This emulsion generation method is simple and the choice for the component of the aqueous three-phase system is broad, which can be further extended to generate complex emulsions from aqueous multiphase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Carreras MP, Wang S. A multifunctional microfluidic platform for generation, trapping and release of droplets in a double laminar flow. J Biotechnol 2017; 251:106-111. [PMID: 28450257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics, involving micrometer-sized emulsion of droplets is a growing subfield of microfluidics which attracts broad interest due to its application on biological assays. Droplet-based systems have been used as microreactors as well as to encapsulate many biological entities for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Here, a novel microfluidic device is presented for the generation, trapping and release of aqueous including hydrogel droplets in a double laminar oil flow. This platform enables the storage and release of picoliter-sized droplets in two different carrier oils by using hydrodynamic forces without the need of electrical forces or optical actuators. Furthermore, this design allows droplets to be selectively and simultaneously exposed to two different conditions and collected on demand. Successful encapsulation of hepatoma H35 cells was performed on-chip. Viability of cell-laden droplets was performed off-chip to assess the potential applications in 3D encapsulation cell culture and drug discovery assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Carreras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York - City College, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York - City College, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Li Y, Van Roy W, Lagae L, Vereecken PM. Analysis of Fully On-Chip Microfluidic Electrochemical Systems under Laminar Flow. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kamiya K, Takeuchi S. Giant liposome formation toward the synthesis of well-defined artificial cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5911-5923. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on microfluidic technologies for giant liposome formations which emulate environments of biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kamiya
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
- Kawasaki
- Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
- Kawasaki
- Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science
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