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Yan E, Guo J, Yin J. Nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality in pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:185-192. [PMID: 37808951 PMCID: PMC10556049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of pork determines consumers' purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, pH values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Ribeiro DM, Coelho D, Osório H, Martins C, Bengala Freire JP, Almeida J, Moreira O, Almeida AM, Prates JA. Effect of dietary incorporation of Chlorella vulgaris and CAZyme supplementation on the hepatic proteome of finishing pigs. J Proteomics 2022; 256:104504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Zhang Z, Pan T, Sun Y, Liu S, Song Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou L. Dietary calcium supplementation promotes the accumulation of intramuscular fat. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:94. [PMID: 34503581 PMCID: PMC8431880 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the livestock industry, intramuscular fat content is a key factor affecting meat quality. Many studies have shown that dietary calcium supplementation is closely related to lipid metabolism. However, few studies have examined the relationship between dietary calcium supplementation and intramuscular fat accumulation. METHODS Here, we used C2C12 cells, C57BL/6 mice (n = 8) and three-way cross-breeding pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Large white) (n = 10) to study the effect of calcium addition on intramuscular fat accumulation. In vitro, we used calcium chloride to adjust the calcium levels in the medium (2 mmol/L or 3 mmol/L). Then we measured various indicators. In vivo, calcium carbonate was used to regulate calcium levels in feeds (Mice: 0.5% calcium or 1.2% calcium) (Pigs: 0.9% calcium or 1.5% calcium). Then we tested the mice gastrocnemius muscle triglyceride content, pig longissimus dorsi muscle meat quality and lipidomics. RESULTS In vitro, calcium addition (3 mmol/L) had no significant effect on cell proliferation, but promoted the differentiation of C2C12 cells into slow-twitch fibers. Calcium supplementation increased triglyceride accumulation in C2C12 cells. Calcium addition increased the number of mitochondria and also increased the calcium level in the mitochondria and reduced the of key enzymes activity involved in β-oxidation such as acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Decreasing mitochondrial calcium level can alleviate lipid accumulation induced by calcium addition. In addition, calcium addition also reduced the glycolytic capacity and glycolytic conversion rate of C2C12 cells. In vivo, dietary calcium supplementation (1.2%) promoted the accumulation of triglycerides in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Dietary calcium supplementation (1.5%) had no effect on pig weight, but significantly improved the flesh color of the longissimus dorsi muscle, reduced the backfat thickness and increased intramuscular fat content in pigs. Besides, calcium addition had no effect on longissimus dorsi pH, electrical conductivity and shear force. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that calcium addition promotes intramuscular fat accumulation by inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids. These findings provide a new tool for increasing intramuscular fat content and an economical strategy for improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Pérez-Ciria L, Miana-Mena FJ, Falceto MV, Mitjana O, Latorre MA. Effect of Immunocastration and Diet on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites and Sex Hormones, Reproductive Organ Development and Carcass Quality of Heavy Gilts. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071900. [PMID: 34202346 PMCID: PMC8300150 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is desirable to increase fatness in gilts destined for Teruel dry-cured ham production. A total of 192 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) gilts of 40.3 ± 4.80 kg body weight (BW) were used to assess the impact of immunocastration and feeding on growth performance, serum metabolites and sex hormones, reproductive organ development, and carcass quality. Six treatments were arranged factorially (2 × 3) with two types of gilt (entire gilts (EG) vs. immunocastrated gilts (IG)) and three experimental diets (control vs. high energy vs. low crude protein and amino acids) provided from 76 to 134 kg BW (n = 4 per treatment, being the replicate the pen with eight pigs). Immunocastration was carried out at 58 and 77 kg BW. The IG grew faster and showed lighter reproductive tracts and greater fatness than EG. The experimental feeds had limited effect on carcass quality, but the high-energy diet improved gain-to-feed ratio and the low-protein and -amino-acids diet did not impair growth performance. In conclusion, immunocastration was a better strategy than the tested diets to increase the fatness of gilts intended for Teruel dry-cured ham, although increasing energy or decreasing crude protein and amino acid levels in the diet could be beneficial strategies for pig farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Ciria
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Miana-Mena
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - María Victoria Falceto
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.V.F.); (O.M.)
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.V.F.); (O.M.)
| | - Maria Angeles Latorre
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Ribeiro DM, Martins CF, Kuleš J, Horvatić A, Guillemin N, Freire JPB, Eckersall PD, Almeida AM, Prates JAM. Influence of dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation on the longissimus lumborum muscle proteome of newly weaned piglets. J Proteomics 2021; 244:104274. [PMID: 34023516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) is a microalga with a high content of crude protein. It has a recalcitrant cell wall that limits the accessibility of the animal endogenous enzymes to its intracellular nutrients. Enzymatic supplementation aiming to degrade cell walls could benefit microalgae digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary Spirulina and lysozyme supplementation over the muscle proteome of piglets during the post-weaning stage. Thirty piglets were randomly distributed among three diets: control (no microalga), SP (10% Spirulina) and SP + L (10% Spirulina +0.01% lysozyme). After 4 weeks, they were sacrificed and samples of the longissimus lumborum muscle were taken. The muscle proteome was analysed using a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative approach. A total of 832 proteins were identified. Three comparisons were computed: SP vs Ctrl, SP + L vs Ctrl and SP + L vs SP. They had ten, four and twelve differentially abundant proteins. Glycogen metabolism and nutrient reserves utilization are increased in the SP piglets. Structural muscle protein synthesis increased, causing higher energy requirements in SP + L piglets. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of proteomics to disclose the effect of dietary microalgae, whilst unveiling putative mechanisms derived from lysozyme supplementation. Data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024083. SIGNIFICANCE: Spirulina, a microalga, is an alternative to conventional crops which could enhance the environmental sustainability of animal production. Due to its recalcitrant cell wall, its use requires additional measures to prevent anti-nutritional effects on the feeding of piglets in the post-weaning period, during which they endure post-weaning stress. One of such measures could be CAZyme supplementation to help degrade the cell wall during digestion. Muscle proteomics provides insightful data on the effect of dietary microalgae and enzyme activity on piglet metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ribeiro
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - João P B Freire
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P David Eckersall
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - André M Almeida
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Almeida AM, Ali SA, Ceciliani F, Eckersall PD, Hernández-Castellano LE, Han R, Hodnik JJ, Jaswal S, Lippolis JD, McLaughlin M, Miller I, Mohanty AK, Mrljak V, Nally JE, Nanni P, Plowman JE, Poleti MD, Ribeiro DM, Rodrigues P, Roschitzki B, Schlapbach R, Starič J, Yang Y, Zachut M. Domestic animal proteomics in the 21st century: A global retrospective and viewpoint analysis. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104220. [PMID: 33838350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animal production and health are of significant economic importance, particularly regarding the world food supply. Animal and veterinary sciences have evolved immensely in the past six decades, particularly in genetics, nutrition, housing, management and health. To address major challenges such as those posed by climate change or metabolic disorders, it is of utmost importance to use state-of-the-art research tools. Proteomics and the other post-genomic tools (transcriptomics or metabolomics) are among them. Proteomics has experienced a considerable development over the last decades. This brought developments to different scientific fields. The use and adoption of proteomics tools in animal and veterinary sciences has some limitations (database availability or access to proteomics platforms and funding). As a result, proteomics' use by animal science researchers varies across the globe. In this viewpoint article, we focus on the developments of domestic animal proteomics over the last decade in different regions of the globe and how the researchers have coped with such challenges. In the second part of the article, we provide examples of funding, educational and laboratory establishment initiatives designed to foster the development of (animal-based) proteomics. International scientific collaboration is a definitive and key feature in the development and advancement of domestic animal proteomics. SIGNIFICANCE: Animal production and health are very important for food supply worldwide particularly as a source of proteinaceous foods. Animal and veterinary sciences have evolved immensely in the last decades. In order to address the major contemporary challenges facing animal and veterinary sciences, it is of utmost importance to use state-of-the-art research tools such as Proteomics and other Omics. Herein, we focus on the major developments in domestic animal proteomics worldwide during the last decade and how different regions of the world have used the technology in this specific research field. We address also major international efforts aiming to increase the research output in this area and highlight the importance of international cooperation to address specific problems inherent to domestic animal proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Almeida
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo E Hernández-Castellano
- Department of Animal Science, AU-Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Animal Production and Biotechnology group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jaka J Hodnik
- Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair FP7, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jarlath E Nally
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich / University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirele D Poleti
- FZEA - Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte - 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - David M Ribeiro
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich / University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Schlapbach
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich / University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jože Starič
- Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization/Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
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López-Pedrouso M, Lorenzo JM, Gagaoua M, Franco D. Application of Proteomic Technologies to Assess the Quality of Raw Pork and Pork Products: An Overview from Farm-To-Fork. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E393. [PMID: 33187082 PMCID: PMC7696211 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The quality assurance of pork meat and products includes the study of factors prior to slaughter such as handling practices, diet and castration, and others during the post-mortem period such as aging, storage, and cooking. The development over the last two decades of high-throughput techniques such as proteomics offer great opportunities to examine the molecular mechanisms and study a priori the proteins in the living pigs and main post-mortem changes and post-translational modifications during the conversion of the muscle into the meat. When the most traditional crossbreeding and rearing strategies to improve pork quality were assessed, the main findings indicate that metabolic pathways early post-mortem were affected. Among the factors, it is well documented that pre-slaughter stress provokes substantial changes in the pork proteome that led to defective meat, and consequently, novel protein biomarkers should be identified and validated. Additionally, modifications in pork proteins had a strong effect on the sensory attributes due to the impact of processing, either physical or chemical. Maillard compounds and protein oxidation should be monitored in order to control proteolysis and volatile compounds. Beyond this, the search of bioactive peptides is becoming a paramount goal of the food and nutraceutical industry. In this regard, peptidomics is a major tool to identify and quantify these peptides with beneficial effects for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin 15, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
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Jiang Y, Xie M, Tang J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Chen G, Hou S. Effects of genetic selection and threonine on meat quality in Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2508-2518. [PMID: 32359587 PMCID: PMC7597388 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic selection and threonine levels on meat quality in Pekin ducks. At 15 D of age, 192 lean ducks and 192 fatty ducks were selected and allotted to one of three treatments with 8 replicates with similar BW (8 ducks/cage), respectively. All ducks were fed the experimental diets (0.00, 0.15, and 0.30% added threonine) for 21 D from 15 to 35 D of age. The results showed that fatty ducks had higher (P < 0.001) feed intake, feed/gain ratio, abdominal fat percentage, and sebum percentage and lower (P = 0.001) breast muscle percentage compared with that of lean ducks. The fatty-type and lean-type ducks had similar weight gain and BW. Dietary threonine supplementation improved (P < 0.05) growth performance and increased breast muscle percentage in lean-type ducks, but it did not affect (P > 0.05) those indices in fatty-type ducks. Lean ducks had higher (P < 0.001) hepatic contents of total lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol, and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and dietary threonine supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic total lipid, cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in lean ducks, but it had no influence on hepatic lipids in fatty ducks (P > 0.05). Lean ducks had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and C18-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the liver, PUFA in the breast muscle, and C18:3n6 and C18:3n3 in plasma and lower C20-PUFA and C22-PUFA in the liver and MUFA in plasma, compared with fatty ducks. Threonine supplementation increased PUFA, N3-PUFA, and n6-PUFA in plasma and hepatic fatty acids profiles in lean ducks (P > 0.05) but had on influence on total MUFA and total PUFA in the liver, breast muscle, and plasma in fatty ducks (P > 0.05). In conclusion, genetic selection toward meat production and threonine supplementation increases meat production and PUFA contents, which would influence eating quality, but it is benefit for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunshen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - ShuiSheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Paredi G, Mori F, de Marino MG, Raboni S, Marchi L, Galati S, Buschini A, Lo Fiego DP, Mozzarelli A. Is the protein profile of pig Longissimus dorsi affected by gender and diet? J Proteomics 2019; 206:103437. [PMID: 31271901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of gender and diet on the proteome of Longissimus dorsi was addressed by 2D-PAGE analysis of male and female pigs, fed with a barley-based control diet and a diet enriched with extruded linseed and plant extracts. No statistically significant difference in protein number between female and male samples was found. Furthermore, PCA excluded gender-dependent protein clusters. For both the control and enriched diet, several spots exhibited at least a 1.5-fold intensity difference, but none showed a statistically relevant variation. Protein profiles PCA for both diets indicated that the first two principal components account up to 47% of total variance, with two diet-dependent separated clusters. Among 176 common spots, 29 exhibited >1.5 fold change, mostly more abundant in the control diet. PMF identified 14 distinct proteins, including myofibrillar proteins, glycolytic enzymes and myoglobin, thus suggesting a diet-dependent meat quality. A statistically significant increase in carbonylated proteins of enriched diet samples was detected using the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method but not using fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide-labeled bands. ROS induction and DNA oxidative damage, detected in a human cell line exposed to digested meat from both diets, further support the notion that the enriched diet does not protect against oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE: The comparison of the protein profile of female and male Longissimus dorsi from pigs fed by a control diet and a diet enriched with polyphenols, indicate no gender effect, whereas diet affects the abundance of several proteins, possibly linked to meat quality. Protein carbonylation was statistically higher in meat from the enriched diet, suggesting that polyphenols at the concentration present in the diet did not exert a protective effect against oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Paredi
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Mori
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna de Marino
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Galati
- Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorization (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, P. le Europa, 1, I-42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Safety, Technologies and Innovation in Agrifood (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Alfaia CM, Lopes PA, Madeira MS, Pestana JM, Coelho D, Toldrá F, Prates JAM. Current feeding strategies to improve pork intramuscular fat content and its nutritional quality. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:53-94. [PMID: 31351530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pork, one of the most consumed meats worldwide, has been facing major challenges regarding its low sensory quality and unhealthy image of fat. This chapter addresses current feeding strategies to ameliorate pork sensory attributes and nutritional quality by increasing intramuscular fat deposition and improving fatty acid composition, respectively. Dietary protein reduction, alone or combined with some components, contributes to satisfy consumer requirements and enhances the competitiveness of the meat industry with higher pork quality and lower production costs. In addition, feeding sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to pigs, mainly from marine origin (rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), increases their content in pork, thus improving the health value of its fatty acid profile. In the near future, the inclusion of microalgae and seaweeds in feed represents a promising approach for the maintenance and development of the livestock sector, as an environmental friendly alternative to balance food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Alfaia
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P A Lopes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M S Madeira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Pestana
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Coelho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fidel Toldrá
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - J A M Prates
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal.
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11
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Reduced protein diets increase intramuscular fat of psoas major, a red muscle, in lean and fatty pig genotypes. Animal 2017; 11:2094-2102. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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