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Tang Z, Chu S, Wu X, Chen S, Chen L, Tang J, Wang H. A Practical Method for Synthesizing Iptacopan. Molecules 2024; 29:2289. [PMID: 38792150 PMCID: PMC11124358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Iptacopan, the first orally available small-molecule complement factor B inhibitor, was developed by Novartis AG of Switzerland. Iptacopan for the treatment of PNH was just approved by the FDA in December 2023. Other indications for treatment are still in phase III clinical trials. Iptacopan is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting complement factor B, showing positive therapeutic effects in the treatment of PNH, C3 glomerulonephritis, and other diseases. Although Iptacopan is already on the market, there has been no detailed synthesis process or specific parameter report on the intermediates during the synthesis of its compounds except for the original research patent. In this study, a practical synthesis route for Iptacopan was obtained through incremental improvement while a biosynthesis method for ketoreductase was used for the synthesis of the pivotal intermediate 12. Moreover, by screening the existing enzyme library of our research group on the basis of random as well as site-directed mutagenesis methods, an enzyme (M8) proven to be of high optical purity with a high yield for biocatalectic reduction was obtained. This enzyme was used to prepare the compound benzyl (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate) white powder (36.8 g HPLC purity: 98%, ee value: 99%). In the synthesis of intermediate 15, the reaction was improved from two-step to one-step, which indicated that the risk of chiral allosterism was reduced while the scale was expanded. Finally, Iptacopan was synthesized in a seven-step reaction with a total yield of 29%. Since three chiral intermediate impurities were synthesized directionally, this paper lays a solid foundation for the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiawei Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Lead Druggability Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.T.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Hongbo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Lead Druggability Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.T.); (S.C.); (X.W.); (S.C.); (L.C.)
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Seebacher W, Hoffelner M, Belaj F, Pirker T, Alajlani M, Bauer R, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Saf R, Weis R. Formation of 5-Aminomethyl-2,3-dihydropyridine-4(1 H)-ones from 4-Amino-tetrahydropyridinylidene Salts. Molecules 2023; 28:6869. [PMID: 37836712 PMCID: PMC10574582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various 4-aminotetrahydropyridinylidene salts were treated with aldehydes in an alkaline medium. Their conversion to 5-substituted β-hydroxyketones in a one-step reaction succeeded only with an aliphatic aldehyde. Instead, aromatic aldehydes gave 5-substituted β-aminoketones or a single δ-diketone. The new compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods and a single crystal structure analysis. Some of them showed anticancer and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Seebacher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hoffelner
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Teresa Pirker
- Pharmacognosy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstrasse 8, 8010 Graz, Austria (R.B.)
| | - Muaaz Alajlani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Sham Private University, 011 Damascus, Syria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Pharmacognosy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstrasse 8, 8010 Graz, Austria (R.B.)
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Pharmacognosy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstrasse 8, 8010 Graz, Austria (R.B.)
| | - Robert Saf
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Weis
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Moghadam ES, Saravani F, Hamel E, Shahsavari Z, Alipour M, Hosseinkhani S, Ostad S, Amini M. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Evaluation of Novel Derivatives of 2-(2-Methyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-3- yl)acetamide. Med Chem 2020; 16:340-349. [PMID: 31032753 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190425153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several anti-tubulin agents were introduced for the cancer treatment so far. Despite successes in the treatment of cancer, these agents cause toxic side effects, including peripheral neuropathy. Comparing anti-tubulin agents, indibulin seemed to cause minimal peripheral neuropathy, but its poor aqueous solubility and other potential clinical problems have led to its remaining in a preclinical stage. METHODS Herein, indibulin analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-cancer activity using MTT assay (on the MCF-7, T47-D, MDA-MB231 and NIH-3T3 cell lines), annexin V/PI staining assay, cell cycle analysis, anti-tubulin assay and caspase 3/7 activation assay. RESULTS One of the compounds, 4a, showed good anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50: 7.5 μM) and low toxicity on a normal cell line (IC50 > 100 μM). All of the tested compounds showed lower cytotoxicity on normal cell line in comparison to reference compound, indibulin. In the annexin V/PI staining assay, induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line was observed. Cell cycle analysis illustrated an increasing proportion of cells in the sub-G-1 phase, consistent with an increasing proportion of apoptotic cells. No increase in G2/M cells was observed, consistent with the absence of anti-tubulin activity. A caspase 3/7 assay protocol showed that apoptosis induction by more potent compounds was due to activation of caspase 3. CONCLUSION Newly synthesized compounds exerted acceptable anticancer activity and further investigation of current scaffold would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim S Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Farhad Saravani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Zahra Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran
| | - Seyednasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Subramani M, Ramamoorthy G, Hemaiswarya S, Waidha K, Brindha J, Balamurali MM, Doble M, Rajendran S. Hydroxy Piperlongumines: Synthesis, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines, Inhibitory Action and ADMET Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Subramani
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Gayathri Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Kamran Waidha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125 Noida 201303 India
| | - J. Brindha
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - M. M. Balamurali
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
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Yang J, Mu WW, Liu GY. Synthesis and evaluation of the anticancer activity of bischalcone analogs in human lung carcinoma (A549) cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173396. [PMID: 32798508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bischalcone has gained much attention because of its wide range of application in pharmaceutical chemistry. This work aims to evaluate the antiproliferation effects and explore the anticancer mechanism of bischalcone analogs on human lung cancer A549 cells. In this study, we synthesized a series of bischalcone analogs via Aldol condensation reaction; MTT method was used to evaluate the antiproliferation effects; the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence assay was used to determine the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels; the glutathione reductase-DTNB recycling assay was used to detect the redox imbalance; determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance was used to evaluate the lipid peroxidation; Rhodamine 123 was used to test the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); the FITC/PI kit was used to detect the apoptosis; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax and Caspase 3. After treatment with curcumin and bischalcone analogs, compounds 1d and 1g, the more stabilities compounds than curcumin, exhibited much higher potency in A549 cells than curcumin and other bischalcone analogs. Further mechanism of action studies revealed that 1d and 1g exhibited more stronger reactive oxygen species production abilities than curcumin and accompanied by the redox imbalance, lipid peroxidation, the loss of MMP, the activition of Bax and Caspase 3, and ultimately resulted in apoptosis of A549 cell. These data suggest that enhancing the reactive oxygen species generation ability of bischalcone analogs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
| | - Wen-Wen Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Guo-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
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Zhao Z, Song H, Xie J, Liu T, Zhao X, Chen X, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:213-227. [PMID: 31009908 PMCID: PMC7115657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TMCA (3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) ester and amide are privileged structural scaffolds in drug discovery which are widely distributed in natural products and consequently produced diverse therapeutically relevant pharmacological functions. Owing to the potential of TMCA ester and amide analogues as therapeutic agents, researches on chemical syntheses and modifications have been carried out to drug-like candidates with broad range of medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiviral, CNS (central nervous system) agents, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hematologic agents for a long time. At the same time, SAR (structure-activity relationship) studies have draw greater attention among medicinal chemists, and many of the lead compounds were derived for various disease targets. However, there is an urgent need for the medicinal chemists to further exploit the precursor in developing chemical entities with promising bioactivity and druggability. This review concisely summarizes the synthesis and biological activity for TMCA ester and amide analogues. It also comprehensively reveals the relationship of significant biological activities along with SAR studies. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives show applications in different pathophysiological conditions due to its privileged structural scaffolds. Natural derived TMCA analogues and chemically modified TMCA ester and amide analogues and their bioactivities are focused in this review. Additionally, it also comprehensively summarized the relationship of significant biological activities along with SAR studies of synthetic TMCA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Synthesis and anti-breast cancer activity of novel indibulin related diarylpyrrole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:179-189. [PMID: 30891679 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During recent years, a number of anti-tubulin agents were introduced for treatment of diverse types of cancer. Despite their potential in the treatment of cancer, drug resistance and adverse toxicity, such as peripheral neuropathy, are some of the negative effects of anti-tubulin agents. Among anti-tubulin agents, indibulin was found to cause minimal peripheral neuropathy. Thus far, however, indibulin has not entered clinical usage, caused in part by its poor aqueous solubility and other developmental problems in preclinical evaluation. OBJECTIVES With respect to need for finding potent and safe anticancer agents, in our current research work, we synthesized several indibulin-related diarylpyrrole derivatives and investigated their anti-cancer activity. METHODS Cell cultur studies were perfomred using the MTT cell viability assay on the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47-D, and MDA-MB231 and also NIH-3 T3 cells as representative of a normal cell line. The activity of some of the synthesized compounds for tubulin interaction was studied using colchicine binding and tubulin polymerization assays. The annexin V-FITC/PI method and flow cytometric analysis were used for studying apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Two of the synthesized compounds, 4f and 4 g, showed high activity on the MDA-MB231 cell line (IC50 = 11.82 and 13.33 μM, (respectively) and low toxicity on the normal fibroblast cells (IC50 > 100 μM). All of the tested compounds were more potent on T47-D cancer cells and less toxic on NIH-3 T3 normal cells in comparison to reference compound, indibulin. The tubulin polymerization inhibition assay and [3H]colchicine binding assay showed that the main mechanism of cell death by the potent synthesized compounds was not related to an interaction with tubulin. In the annexin V/PI staining assay, the induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines was observed. Cell cycle analysis illustrated an increased percentage of sub-G-1 cells in the MDA-MB231 cell line as a further indication of cell death through induction of apoptosis. Graphical abstract Novel Indibulin analogous as anti-breast cancer agents.
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Novaes LFT, Gonçalves KDA, Trivella DBB, Pastre JC. Formal Total Synthesis of Actinoranone: Synthesis Approaches and Cytotoxic Studies. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5160-5176. [PMID: 29644851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article describes our efforts toward the total synthesis of actinoranone. Our synthesis strategies rely on a convergent route to connect the terpenoid and polyketide fragments, employing catalysis and powerful classical reactions for the assembly of these key fragments. A new transformation was disclosed during this work, a domino ring-opening and esterification. Initial cytotoxic studies for the selected synthesis intermediates are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas (Unicamp) , P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Kaliandra de Almeida Gonçalves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials , 13083-970 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Daniela B B Trivella
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials , 13083-970 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Julio C Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Campinas (Unicamp) , P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
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Novaes LFT, Pastre JC. Formal Total Synthesis of Actinoranone and Asymmetric Synthesis of Labda-7,13-(E)-dien-15-ol. Org Lett 2017; 19:3163-3166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. T. Novaes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-971, Brazil
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