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Kaur P, Rangra NK. Recent Advancements and SAR Studies of Synthetic Coumarins as MAO-B Inhibitors: An Updated Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1834-1846. [PMID: 38778598 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575290599240503080025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative deamination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous amines is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as monoamine oxidases (MAOs), which are reliant on flavin-adenine dinucleotides. Numerous neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are significantly correlated with changes in the amounts of biogenic amines in the brain caused by MAO. Hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, and ammonia, among other toxic consequences of this oxidative breakdown, can harm brain cells' mitochondria and cause oxidative damage. OBJECTIVE The prime objective of this review article was to highlight and conclude the recent advancements in structure-activity relationships of synthetic derivatives of coumarins for MAO-B inhibition, published in the last five years' research articles. METHODS The literature (between 2019 and 2023) was searched from platforms like Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. After going through the literature, we have found a number of coumarin derivatives being synthesized by researchers for the inhibition of MAO-B for the management of diseases associated with the enzyme such as Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. The effect of these coumarin derivatives on the enzyme depends on the substitutions associated with the structure. The structure-activity relationships of the synthetic coumarin derivatives that are popular nowadays have been described and summarized in the current study. RESULTS The results revealed the updated review on SAR studies of synthetic coumarins as MAO-B inhibitors, specifically for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. The patents reported on coumarin derivatives as MAO-B inhibitors were also highlighted. CONCLUSION Recently, coumarins, a large class of chemicals with both natural and synthetic sources, have drawn a lot of attention because of the vast range of biological actions they have that are linked to neurological problems. Numerous studies have demonstrated that chemically produced and naturally occurring coumarin analogs both exhibited strong MAO-B inhibitory action. Coumarins bind to MAO-B reversibly thereby preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters like dopamine leading to the inhibition of the enzyme A number of MAO-B blockers have been proven to be efficient therapies for treating neurological diseases like Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. To combat these illnesses, there is still an urgent need to find effective treatment compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Rangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
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Sudevan ST, Rangarajan TM, Al-Sehemi AG, Nair AS, Koyiparambath VP, Mathew B. Revealing the role of the benzyloxy pharmacophore in the design of a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200084. [PMID: 35567313 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual layout of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors has been modified to explore their potential biological application in the case of neurological disorders for the time being. The current review article is an effort to display the summation of innovative conceptual prospects of MAO inhibitors and their intriguing chemistry and bioactivity. Based on this scenario, we emphasize the pivotal role of the benzyloxy moiety attached to scaffolds like oxadiazolones, indolalkylamines, safinamide, caffeine, benzofurans, α-tetralones, β-nitrostyrene, benzoquinones, coumarins, indoles, chromones, and chromanone analogs, while acting as an MAO inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithra T Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, KingKhalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aathira S Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vishal P Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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Liu L, Chen Y, Zeng RF, Liu Y, Xie SS, Lan JS, Ding Y, Yang YT, Yang J, Zhang T. Design and synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydrocoumarins as potent and selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors with the neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104685. [PMID: 33640631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors with neuroprotective effects are better for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, due to the complicated pathogenesis of PD. To develop new hMAO-B inhibitors with neuroprotection, a novel series of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins was designed as selective and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors to treat PD. Most compounds showed potent and selective inhibition for hMAO-B over hMAO-A with IC50 values ranging from nanomolar to sub-nanomolar. Among them, compound 4d was the most potent hMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.37 nM) being about 20783-fold more active than iproniazid, and exhibited the highest selectivity for hMAO-B (SI > 270,270). Kinetic studies revealed that compound 4d was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B. Neuroprotective studies indicated that compound 4d could protect PC12 cells from the damage induced by 6-OHDA and rotenone. Besides, compound 4d did not exhibit acute toxicity at a dose up to 2500 mg/kg (po), and could cross the BBB in parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. More importantly, compound 4d was able to significantly prevent the motor deficits in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that compound 4d is an effective and promising candidate against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jin-Shuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ting Yang
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Musa MA, Badisa VLD, Aghimien MO, Eyunni SVK, Latinwo LM. Identification of 7,8-dihydroxy-3-phenylcoumarin as a reversible monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitor. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22651. [PMID: 33085988 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the biological evaluation of 3-arylcoumarin derivatives (3a-l) as potential human monoamine oxidase-A and -B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitors. The result indicated that 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl)coumarin (3j) was most effective against MAO-A (inhibition concentration [IC50 ] = 6.46 ± 0.02 µM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.3 µM) enzymes than other synthesized compounds and reference compounds (pargyline and moclobemide). Furthermore, compound (3j) showed (a) nonselectivity against hMAO enzymes, (b) reversible hMAO enzymes inhibition, and (c) neuroprotection against H2 O2 -treated human neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Finally, a molecular modeling study revealed that the hMAO enzymes inhibitory activity of the compound (3j) may be due to the orientation where the nitro (NO2 ) group lies deep into the receptor and the phenyl ring directed toward flavin adenosine dinucleotide via hydrogen bond interaction, and possible π-π interaction with various important residues. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that compound (3j) can be considered as a promising scaffold for the development of hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musiliyu A Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Veera L D Badisa
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Monica O Aghimien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Suresh V K Eyunni
- Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida.,College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lekan M Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Hong R, Li X. Discovery of monoamine oxidase inhibitors by medicinal chemistry approaches. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:10-25. [PMID: 30774851 PMCID: PMC6350766 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression, have seriously inconvenienced the lives of patients. Growing evidence indicates that these diseases are closely related to the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme, making it an attractive target for the exploitation of potent MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) with high selectivity and low side effects. Although various MAOIs have been discovered, the discovery of an ideal MAOI is not an easy task. In this review, we discuss the currently available rational design strategies for obtaining ideal MAOIs, including ligand-based and receptor-based design strategies, and these strategies were further illustrated with the aid of specific examples from the recent literature. To better understanding the biological activity of MAO, we also highlight the binding modes of typical inhibitors against MAO. Besides, advanced strategies for finding upcoming potent MAOIs were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: 86 531 88382005
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: 86 531 88382005
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Mathew B, Baek SC, Grace Thomas Parambi D, Pil Lee J, Joy M, Annie Rilda PR, Randev RV, Nithyamol P, Vijayan V, Inasu ST, Mathew GE, Lohidakshan KK, Kumar Krishnan G, Kim H. Selected aryl thiosemicarbazones as a new class of multi-targeted monoamine oxidase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1871-1881. [PMID: 30568755 PMCID: PMC6254048 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00399h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 13 phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazones (SB1-SB13) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential towards human recombinant monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively) and acetylcholinesterase. The solid state structure of SB4 was ascertained by the single X-ray diffraction technique. Compounds SB5 and SB11 were potent for MAO-A (IC50 1.82 ± 0.14) and MAO-B (IC50 0.27 ± 0.015 μM), respectively. Furthermore, SB11 showed a high selectivity index (SI > 37.0) for MAO-B. The effects of fluorine orientation revealed that SB11 (m-fluorine) showed 28.2 times higher inhibitory activity than SB12 (o-fluorine) against MAO-B. Furthermore, inhibitions by SB5 and SB11 against MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, were recovered to near reference levels in reversibility experiments. Both SB5 and SB11 showed competitive inhibition modes, with K i values of 0.97 ± 0.042 and 0.12 ± 0.006 μM, respectively. These results indicate that SB5 and SB11 are selective, reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Compounds SB5, SB7 and SB11 showed moderate inhibition against acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 35.35 ± 0.47, 15.61 ± 0.057 and 26.61 ± 0.338 μM, respectively. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation was studied using the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) method. Molecular docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | - Seung Cheol Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sunchon National University , Suncheon-57922 , Republic of Korea .
| | | | - Jae Pil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sunchon National University , Suncheon-57922 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Monu Joy
- School of Pure & Applied Physics , M.G. University , Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - P R Annie Rilda
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | - Rugma V Randev
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | - P Nithyamol
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | - Vijitha Vijayan
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | - Sini T Inasu
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Ahalia School of Pharmacy , Palakkad-678557 , Kerala , India .
| | | | | | - Girish Kumar Krishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Government Medical College Trivandrum , India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sunchon National University , Suncheon-57922 , Republic of Korea .
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