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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Anjong TF, Choi H, Yoo J, Bak Y, Cho Y, Kim D, Lee S, Lee K, Kim BG, Kim S. Multifunction-Harnessed Afterglow Nanosensor for Molecular Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200245. [PMID: 35315219 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow is superior to other optical modalities for biomedical applications in that it can exclude the autofluorescence background. Nevertheless, afterglow has rarely been applied to the high-contrast "off-to-on" activatable sensing scheme because the complicated afterglow systems hamper the additional inclusion of sensory functions while preserving the afterglow luminescence. Herein, a simple formulation of a multifunctional components-incorporated afterglow nanosensor (MANS) is developed for the superoxide-responsive activatable afterglow imaging of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. A multifunctional iridium complex (Ir-OTf) is designed to recover its photoactivities (phosphorescence and the ability of singlet oxygen-generating afterglow initiator) upon exposure to superoxide. To construct the nanoscopic afterglow detection system (MANS), Ir-OTf is incorporated with another multifunctional molecule (rubrene) in the polymeric micellar nanoparticle, where rubrene also plays dual roles as an afterglow substrate and a luminophore. The multiple functions covered by Ir-OTf and rubrene renders the composition of MANS quite simple, which exhibits superoxide-responsive "off-to-on" activatable afterglow luminescence for periods longer than 11 min after the termination of pre-excitation. Finally, MANS is successfully applied to the molecular imaging of cisplatin-induced kidney injury with activatable afterglow signals responsive to pathologically overproduced superoxide in a mouse model without autofluorescence background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikum Florence Anjong
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghwan Choi
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jounghyun Yoo
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yecheol Bak
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dojin Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyung Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Yan Z, Lin X, Sun S, Ma X, Tian H. Activating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores via External Heavy‐Atom Effect and Rigidity of Ionic Polymer Matrix**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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Yan ZA, Lin X, Sun S, Ma X, Tian H. Activating Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores via External Heavy-Atom Effect and Rigidity of Ionic Polymer Matrix*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19735-19739. [PMID: 34240799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention for their easy preparation, low toxicity, and applications in various fields like bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting. Developing phosphorescent systems with more universality and less difficulty in synthesis has long been the pursuit of materials scientists. By employing a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt with an ionic bonding matrix and heavy atoms, commercial fluorescent dyes are directly endowed with phosphorescence emission. In a single amorphous polymer, the external heavy-atom effect generates excited triplet states and the rigid polymer matrix stabilizes them. This study put forward a new general strategy to design and develop pure organic RTP materials starting from existing library of organic dyes without complicated chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Li G, Zhu D, Wang X, Su Z, Bryce MR. Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:765-838. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear metal complexes have enabled breakthroughs in OLEDs, photocatalytic water splitting and CO2reduction, DSPEC, chemosensors, biosensors, PDT and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
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Daniels RE, McKenzie LK, Shewring JR, Weinstein JA, Kozhevnikov VN, Bryant HE. Pyridazine-bridged cationic diiridium complexes as potential dual-mode bioimaging probes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9670-9676. [PMID: 31497293 PMCID: PMC6688561 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel diiridium complex [(N^C^N)2Ir(bis-N^C)Ir(N^C^N)2Cl]PF6 (N^C^N = 2-[3-tert-butyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine; bis-N^C = 3,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyridazine) was designed, synthesised and characterised. The key feature of the complex is the bridging pyridazine ligand which brings two cyclometallated Ir(iii) metal centres close together so that Cl also acts as a bridging ligand leading to a cationic complex. The ionic nature of the complex offers a possibility of improving solubility in water. The complex displays broad emission in the red region (λem = 520–720 nm, τ = 1.89 μs, Φem = 62% in degassed acetonitrile). Cellular assays by multiphoton (λex = 800 nm) and confocal (λex = 405 nm) microscopy demonstrate that the complex enters cells and localises to the mitochondria, demonstrating cell permeability. Further, an appreciable yield of singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.45, direct method, by 1O2 NIR emission in air equilibrated acetonitrile) suggests a possible future use in photodynamic therapy. However, the complex has relatively high dark toxicity (LD50 = 4.46 μM), which will likely hinder its clinical application. Despite this toxicity, the broad emission spectrum of the complex and high emission yield observed suggest a possible future use of this class of compound in emission bioimaging. The presence of two heavy atoms also increases the scattering of electrons, supporting potential future applications as a dual fluorescence and electron microscopy probe. A novel cell permeable, mitochondria localising, diiridium complex has a high emission yield and two heavy atoms to increase scattering of electrons, supporting potential future applications as a dual fluorescence and electron microscopy probe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Tyne and Wear NE1 8ST, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. ; Tel: +44 (0) 191 243 7430
| | - Luke K McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.,Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0) 114 2759040
| | - Jonathan R Shewring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Tyne and Wear NE1 8ST, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. ; Tel: +44 (0) 191 243 7430
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0) 114 2759040
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Florence Tikum A, Jeon YJ, Lee JH, Park MH, Bae IY, Kim SH, Lee HJ, Kim J. Cytotoxic and anticancer properties of new ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with different lipophilicities. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 180:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhang HN, Gao WX, Deng YX, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Stacking-interaction-induced host–guest chemistry and Borromean rings based on a polypyridyl ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1559-1562. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Template-free molecular Borromean rings and open-ended molecular capsules were constructed via precisely controlled stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
| | - Wen-Xi Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
| | - Yu-Xin Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
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Begantsova YE, Varvarin AE, Ilichev VA, Bochkarev LN. Synthesis and luminescent properties of iridium(III) ionic binuclear complexes with 1,4-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazolato]butane as a bridging ligand. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217060147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bag SS, Pradhan MK, Talukdar S. Tetrazolylpyrene unnatural nucleoside as a human telomeric multimeric G-quadruplex selective switch-on fluorescent sensor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:10145-10150. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific sensing of dimeric H45 G-quadruplex DNA using a fluorescence light-up probe, tetrazolylpyrene nucleoside (TzPyBDo), is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- North Guwhati-781039
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar Pradhan
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- North Guwhati-781039
- India
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- North Guwhati-781039
- India
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