1
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Pathan J, Tripathi DK, Poluri KM, Chalana A, Adhikari S. Molecular insight into the structural and functional aspects of arene Ru(II) complexes bearing bulky thiourea ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112584. [PMID: 38735072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report four new arene ruthenium(II) complexes [RuII(η6-p-cymene)(L1)к1(S)Cl2] (C1), [RuII(η6-benzene)(L1)к1(S)Cl2] (C2) where L1 is N-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (L1), and [RuII(η6-p-cymene)(L2)к1(S)Cl2] (C3), [RuII(η6-benzene)(L2)к1(S)Cl2] (C4) where L2 is N-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (L2) which were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity. The monodentate coordination of thione sulphur (S) to ruthenium ion along with two terminal chloride was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction analysis thus revealing a typical "piano-stool" pseudo tetrahedral geometry. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that ligands were less efficient however on complex formation it showed significant efficacy with C4 showing the highest activity. The ligands and ruthenium complexes exhibited minimal to no cytotoxic effects on HEK cells within the concentration range of 10-300 μM. Evaluating the cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (DU145) L1, L2 and C1 displayed more pronounced cytotoxic activity with C1 showing high cytotoxicity against the cancer cells, in comparison to cisplatin indicating its potential for further investigation and analysis. Considering this, compound C1 was used to further study its interaction with BSA using fluorescence spectroscopy and it was found to be 2.64 × 106 M-1. Findings from CD spectroscopy indicate the binding in the helix region which was further confirmed with the molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javedkhan Pathan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Madhav University, Pindwara, Rajasthan 307026, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ashish Chalana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201306, India; Centre for Development of Biomaterial, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201306, India.
| | - Sanjay Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Madhav University, Pindwara, Rajasthan 307026, India.
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2
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Thangavel SK, Mohamed Kasim MS, Rengan R. Promoting the Anticancer Activity with Multidentate Furan-2-Carboxamide Functionalized Aroyl Thiourea Chelation in Binuclear Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7520-7539. [PMID: 38590210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A new set of binuclear arene ruthenium complexes [Ru2(p-cymene)2(k4-N2OS)(L1-L3)Cl2] (Ru2L1-Ru2L3) encompassing furan-2-carboxamide-based aroylthiourea derivatives (H2L1-H2L3) was synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical techniques. Single-crystal XRD analysis unveils the N^O and N^S mixed monobasic bidentate coordination of the ligands constructing N, S, Cl/N, O, and Cl legged piano stool octahedral geometry. DFT analysis demonstrates the predilection for the formation of stable arene ruthenium complexes. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the complexes was examined against human cervical (HeLa), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancerous and noncancerous monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. All the complexes are more efficacious against HeLa and MCF-7 cells with low inhibitory doses (3.86-11.02 μM). Specifically, Ru2L3 incorporating p-cymene and -OCH3 fragments exhibits high lipophilicity, significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and lower toxicity on noncancerous cells. Staining analysis indicates the apoptosis-associated cell morphological changes expressively in MCF-7 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses reveal that Ru2L3 can raise ROS levels, reduce MMP, and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis. The catalytic oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to its disulfide form (GSSG) by the complexes may simultaneously increase the ROS levels, alluding to their observed cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. Flow cytometry determined the quantitative classification of late apoptosis and S-phase arrest in MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Western blotting analysis confirmed that the complexes promote apoptosis by upregulating Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and downregulating BCL-2. Molecular docking studies unfolded the strong binding affinities of the complexes with VEGFR2, an angiogenic signaling receptor, and BCL2, Cyclin D1, and HER2 proteins typically overexpressed on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya Kamatchi Thangavel
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | | | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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3
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Rana M, Hungyo H, Parashar P, Ahmad S, Mehandi R, Tandon V, Raza K, Assiri MA, Ali TE, El-Bahy ZM, Rahisuddin. Design, synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, anticancer, DNA binding, and molecular modelling studies of pyrazole-pyrazoline hybrid derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26766-26779. [PMID: 37681049 PMCID: PMC10481259 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized three pyrazole analogs (4, 5a, 5b), pyrazole-based chalcones (6a-6d) and (8a-8h), and N-formyl/acetyl 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline analogs (7a-7d), (9a-9d). FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques were used to describe the structures of all the synthesized analogs. The single crystal X-ray method was used to identify the molecular structure of derivatives 4 and 5a. All synthesized analogs were screened by MTT assay on two cancer cell lines, the human lung cancer cell line (A549) and cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Among all compounds, analog 9d demonstrates significant anticancer activity against HeLa (IC50 = 23.6 μM) and A549 (IC50 = 37.59 μM). The non-interactive interaction of active compound (9d) with Calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) has been investigated through various methods, such as UV-vis absorption, emission, cyclic voltammetry and circular dichroism. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical has been used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the pyrazoline derivative (9d). The outcomes showed that active analog has significant antioxidant activity. In addition, MD simulation of the EGFR tyrosine kinase protein-ligand complex was performed at a time scale of 100 ns. The MMGBSA data of ligand-protein complex are showed stable interactions up to 100 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Rana
- Molecular and Biophysical Research Lab (MBRL), Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 9871460479
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Hungharla Hungyo
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Shaban Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rabiya Mehandi
- Molecular and Biophysical Research Lab (MBRL), Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 9871460479
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarik E Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Rahisuddin
- Molecular and Biophysical Research Lab (MBRL), Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 9871460479
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4
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Dorairaj DP, Haribabu J, Dharmasivam M, Malekshah RE, Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Echeverria C, Karvembu R. Ru(II)- p-Cymene Complexes of Furoylthiourea Ligands for Anticancer Applications against Breast Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11761-11774. [PMID: 37459067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes containing nitro-substituted furoylthiourea ligands, bearing the general formula [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(L)] (1-6) and [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(L)(PPh3)]+ (7--12), have been synthesized and characterized. In contrast to the spectroscopic data which revealed monodentate coordination of the ligands to the Ru(II) ion via a "S" atom, single crystal X-ray structures revealed an unusual bidentate N, S coordination with the metal center forming a four-membered ring. Interaction studies by absorption, emission, and viscosity measurements revealed intercalation of the Ru(II) complexes with calf thymus (CT) DNA. The complexes showed good interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well. Further, their cytotoxicity was explored exclusively against breast cancer cells, namely, MCF-7, T47-D, and MDA-MB-231, wherein all of the complexes were found to display more pronounced activity than their ligand counterparts. Complexes 7-12 bearing triphenylphosphine displayed significant cytotoxicity, among which complex 12 showed IC50 values of 0.6 ± 0.9, 0.1 ± 0.8, and 0.1 ± 0.2 μM against MCF-7, T47-D, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. The most active complexes were tested for their mode of cell death through staining assays, which confirmed apoptosis. The upregulation of apoptotic inducing and downregulation of apoptotic suppressing proteins as inferred from the western blot analysis also corroborated the apoptotic mode of cell death. The active complexes effectively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MDA-MB-231 cells as analyzed from the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Finally, in vivo studies of the highly active complexes (6 and 12) were performed on the mice model. Histological analyses revealed that treatment with these complexes at high doses of up to 8 mg/kg did not induce any visible damage to the tested organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Department of Chemistry, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rahime Eshaghi Malekshah
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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5
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Dharmasivam M, Maroli N, Jayadharini JP, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Karvembu R. Hinged Bipodal Furoylthiourea-Based Ru(II)-Arene Complexes: Effect of ( ortho, meta, or para)-Substitution on Coordination and Anticancer Activity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3679-3691. [PMID: 36780329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We set out to design and synthesize bipodal ligands with the phenyl group as the spacer and varied the substitution on the spacer between ortho (L1), meta (L2), and para (L3). The respective ligands and complexes containing either p-cymene (PL1-PL3) or benzene (BL1-BL3) as the arene unit were synthesized and characterized successfully. The influence of the ligands due to substitution change on their coordination behavior was quite minimal; however, the differences were seen in the anticancer activity of the complexes. DFT studies revealed the structural variations between the three different substitutions, which was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The anticancer activity of the complexes could be correlated with their rate of hydrolysis and their lipophilicity index as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The cell death mechanism of the active complexes was deduced to be apoptotic via staining assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nikhil Maroli
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, 1532502 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Sashankh PV, Dorairaj DP, Chen JY, Chang YL, Chand K, Karvembu R, Chien CM, Hsu SC. Synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of piperazinyl thiourea derivatives as apoptosis inducer for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Kalaiyarasi A, Bhuvanesh NSP, Karvembu R, Biju VM. Electrochemical sensing of doxepin using acylthiourea-modified glassy carbon electrode. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kalaiyarasi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - N. S. P. Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R. Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - V. M. Biju
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
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8
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Manonmani G, Senthilkumar K, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Karvembu R. Coordination Behavior of Acylthiourea Ligands in Their Ru(II)–Benzene Complexes─Structures and Anticancer Activity. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, Copiapo 1532502, Chile
| | - Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
- BioMe-Live Analytical Centre, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station 77842, Texas, United States
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, Copiapo 1532502, Chile
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Balakrishnan N, Vasanthakumar P, Karvembu R. Piano stool Ru(II)-arene complexes having three monodentate legs: A comprehensive review on their development as anticancer therapeutics over the past decade. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Anjomshoa M, Sahihi M, Fatemi SJ, Shayegan S, Farsinejad A, Amirheidari B. In vitro biological and in silico molecular docking and ADME studies of a substituted triazine-coordinated cadmium(II) ion: efficient cytotoxicity, apoptosis, genotoxicity, and nuclease-like activity plus binding affinity towards apoptosis-related proteins. Biometals 2022; 35:549-572. [PMID: 35366135 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A cadmium(II) complex containing dppt ligand with the formula [CdCl2(dppt)2], where dppt is 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine was synthesized, elucidated and submitted to in vitro cytotoxicity studies against human breast (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U-87), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines as well as mouse embryo normal cell line (NIH/3T3), in comparison with cisplatin employing MTT assay over 24 and 48 h. The complex exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells among the other three cell lines with IC50 values of 8.7 ± 0.5 (24 h) and 1.2 ± 0.7 µM (48 h). Significantly, flow cytometric assessment of the complex-treated MCF-7 and U-87 cells demonstrated a dose-dependent induced apoptotic cell death. The cellular morphological changes were in concord with cytotoxicity and flow cytometric results. The results of comet assay showed that the complex is able to induce DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. These observations are of importance, as sustained damage to cellular DNA could lead to apoptotic cell death. The results of DNA-binding studies indicated that the complex fits into the DNA minor groove and interacts with DNA via a partial intercalation. Moreover, the complex was able to efficiently cleave pUC19 DNA through a hydrolytic mechanism. The binding affinity between the complex and apoptosis-relevant protein targets including APAF1, Bax, Bcl-2, Cas3, Cas7, and Cas9 was evaluated through molecular docking studies. In silico virtual studies revealed the complex's strong affinity towards apoptosis-related proteins; therefore the complex can act as a potential apoptosis inducer. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, lipophilicity, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry properties of the complex were also predicted through in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Anjomshoa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sahihi
- Roberval Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Compiègne, France
| | | | - Shika Shayegan
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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11
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Dorairaj DP, Haribabu J, Shashankh PV, Chang YL, Echeverria C, Hsu SC, Karvembu R. Bidentate acylthiourea ligand anchored Pd-PPh3 complexes with biomolecular binding, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antihemolytic properties. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Anu D, Naveen P, Devendhiran T, Shyamsivappan S, Kumarasamy K, Lin MC, Frampton CS, Kaveri MV. Synthesis, spectral characterization, X-ray crystallography and biological evaluations of Pd(II) complexes containing 4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.2025222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Anu
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - P. Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. NGP Arts and Science College, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Tamiloli Devendhiran
- Department and Graduate Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - S. Shyamsivappan
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. NGP Arts and Science College, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Keerthika Kumarasamy
- Department and Graduate Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei Ching Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | - M. V. Kaveri
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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13
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Nongpiur CGL, Ghate MM, Tripathi DK, Poluri KM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Study of versatile coordination modes, antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of arene ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes containing fluorenone based thiosemicarbazones. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Khan RA, BinSharfan II, Alterary SS, Alsaeedi H, Qais FA, AlFawaz A, Hadi AD, Alsalme A. Organometallic (η
6
‐
p
‐cymene)ruthenium(II) complexes with thiazolyl‐based organic twigs: En route towards targeted delivery via human serum albumin of the potential anticancer agents. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtisam I. BinSharfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham S. Alterary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alsaeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Amal AlFawaz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Arman D. Hadi
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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15
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16
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Lavanya M, Haribabu J, Ramaiah K, Suresh Yadav C, Kumar Chitumalla R, Jang J, Karvembu R, Varada Reddy A, Jagadeesh M. 2′-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde derived thiosemicarbazone metal complexes of copper(II), palladium(II) and zinc(II) ions: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, anticancer activity and DNA binding studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Kalagatur NK, Nikhil M, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh NSP, Kadirvelu K, Kolandaivel P, Karvembu R. Tunable Anticancer Activity of Furoylthiourea-Based Ru II -Arene Complexes and Their Mechanism of Action. Chemistry 2021; 27:7418-7433. [PMID: 33404126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen new RuII -arene (p-cymene/benzene) complexes (C1-C14) have been synthesized by varying the N-terminal substituent in the furoylthiourea ligand and satisfactorily characterized by using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Electrostatic potential maps predicted that the electronic effect of the substituents was mostly localized, with some influence seen on the labile chloride ligands. The structure-activity relationships of the Ru-p-cymene and Ru-benzene complexes showed opposite trends. All the complexes were found to be highly toxic towards IMR-32 cancer cells, with C5 (Ru-p-cymene complex containing C6 H2 (CH3 )3 as N-terminal substituent) and C13 (Ru-benzene complex containing C6 H4 (CF3 ) as N-terminal substituent) showing the highest activity among each set of complexes, and hence they were chosen for further study. These complexes showed different behavior in aqueous solutions, and were also found to catalytically oxidize glutathione. They also promoted cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the complexes showed good binding ability with the receptors Pim-1 kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, commonly overexpressed in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maroli Nikhil
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Karmakar J, Nandy P, Das S, Bhattacharya D, Karmakar P, Bhattacharya S. Utilization of Guanidine-Based Ancillary Ligands in Arene-Ruthenium Complexes for Selective Cytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8226-8238. [PMID: 33817481 PMCID: PMC8015125 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A family of three water-soluble half-sandwich arene-ruthenium complexes, depicted as C 1 -C 3 , having the general formula [Ru(p-cymene)(L)Cl]Cl has been synthesized, where L represents (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 1 ) or (benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 2 ) or (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 3 ). The crystal structure of complex C 3 has been determined. The complexes show several absorption bands in the visible and ultraviolet regions, and they also show prominent emission in the visible region while excited near 400 nm. Studies on the interaction of ligands L 1 -L 3 and complexes C 1 -C 3 with calf thymus DNA reveal that the complexes are better DNA binders than the ligands, which is attributable to the imposed planarity of the ruthenium-bound guanidine-based ligand, enabling it to serve as a better intercalator. Molecular docking studies show that the complexes effectively bind with DNA through electrostatic and H-bonding interactions and partial intercalation of the guanidine-based ligands. Cytotoxicity studies carried out on two carcinoma cell lines (PC3 and A549) and on two non-cancer cell lines (BPH1 and WI-38) show a marked improvement in antitumor activity owing to complex formation, which is attributed to improvement in cellular uptake on complex formation. The C 1 complex is found to exhibit the most prominent activity against the PC3 cell line. Inclusion of the guanidine-based ligands in the half-sandwich ruthenium-arene complexes is found to be effective for displaying selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells and also for convenient tracing of the complexes in cells due to their prominent emissive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Karmakar
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Promita Nandy
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department
of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700 013, India
- Department
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Samaresh Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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19
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Abhijna Krishna R, Dheepika R, Muralisankar M, Nagarajan S. Microwave-assisted synthesis and DNA-binding studies of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) arene complexes containing phenanthroimidazole-triarylamine hybrids. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1885650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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20
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Dorairaj DP, Haribabu J, Chithravel V, Vennila KN, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Hsu SC, Karvembu R. Spectroscopic, anticancer and antioxidant studies of fluxional trans-[PdCl2(S-acylthiourea)2] complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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21
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Satheeshkumar R, Wu J, Chandrasekaran R, Revathi K, Sparkes HA, Wang W. Synthesis of 2‐aminobenzophenone‐based Schiff base Pd(II) complexes: Investigation on crystal structure, biological behavior of DNA/protein‐binding, molecular docking, and
in vitro
anticancer activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile 702843 Chile
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | | | - Kannan Revathi
- Department of Biotechnology Shri Sakthikailassh Women’s College Salem Tamil Nadu India
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- Department of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock’s Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Wen‐Long Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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22
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Haribabu J, Srividya S, Umapathi R, Gayathri D, Venkatesu P, Bhuvanesh N, Karvembu R. Enhanced anticancer activity of half-sandwich Ru(II)-p-cymene complex bearing heterocyclic hydrazone ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Musthafa M, Konakanchi R, Ganguly R, Balachandran C, Aoki S, Sreekanth A. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical, molecular docking and in vitro biological activity studies of Ru(II) ( η6- p-cymene) complexes with novel aniline substituted aroyl selenoureas. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4346-4361. [PMID: 32597724 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1778531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of aroyl selenourea ligands (L1-L3) substituted by aniline and their Ru(II) (η6-p-cymene) complexes (1-3), [Ru(II) (η6-p-cymene) L] (L = monodentate aroyl selenourea ligand) have been synthesized and characterized the composition of the ligands and their metal complexes. The molecular structures of ligand L1 and complex 3 were also confirmed by single XRD crystal method. The single-crystal XRD study showed that aroyl selenourea ligand coordinates with Ru via Se novel neutral monodentate atom. In vitro DNA interaction studies were investigated by Fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopic methods which showed that the intercalative mode of binding is in the order of 1 > 2 > 3 with Ru(II) (η6-p-cymene) complexes. Spectroscopic methods have been used for measuring the binding affinity of bovine serum albumin to complex. Moreover, the cytotoxic study of complexes (1-3) were evaluated against HeLa S3, A549, and IMR90 cells, resulting in complexes 1 and 2 showed promising cytotoxic activity against HeLa S3 cell with IC50 values of 24 and 26 µM, respectively. Also, the morphological changes of HeLa S3 and A549 cells were confirmed by fluorescence microscope in the presence of complexes 1 and 2 using AO (acridine orange, 200 µM) and EB (ethidium bromide, 100 µM). In addition, the docking results strongly support the protein binding studies of the complexes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moideen Musthafa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Chemistry Division, H&S Department, Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women (Autonomous Institution), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Japan
| | - Anandaram Sreekanth
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Sonkar C, Malviya N, Ranjan R, Pakhira S, Mukhopadhyay S. Mechanistic Insight for Targeting Biomolecules by Ruthenium(II) NSAID Complexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4600-4612. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Novina Malviya
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rishi Ranjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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25
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Lapasam A, Kollipara MR. A survey of crystal structures and biological activities of platinum group metal complexes containing N-acylthiourea ligands. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1764956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agreeda Lapasam
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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26
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Musthafa M, Konakanchi R, Ganguly R, Pandikumar P, Sreekanth A. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro biological activity studies of Ru(II) (η6-p-cymene) complexes with novel N-dibenzosuberene substituted aroyl selenourea exhibiting Se type coordination. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Jacob P J, Manju SL. Identification and development of thiazole leads as COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors through in-vitro and in-vivo biological evaluation for anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103882. [PMID: 32361295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of inflammation using NSAIDs is coupled with a risk of severe gastric adverse events. Development of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors turns out to be an imperative area devoted to safer NSAIDs. A series of thiourea, thiazole, and thiazolidene derivatives were synthesized by green synthetic approach and COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition screening resulted in the identification of a potent compound 6l with IC50 of 5.55 µM, 0.09 µM, and 0.38 µM respectively. Compound 6l made significant decrease (60.82%) in the carrageenan-induced edema in male Wistar rats. qRT-PCR analysis and determination of PGE2 and LTB4 in the rat paw tissues indicated that this thiazole based dual inhibitor significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX genes besides the marked reduction in both PGE2 and LTB4 levels. The gastric safety profiling revealed an enhanced gastrointestinal safety of the compound 6l on histopathological examination. Molecular docking studies at COX-2 and 5-LOX active sites were consistent with biological studies by significant protein-ligand interaction. Besides, results of in-vitro PGE2 and LTB4 studies on RAW 264.7 cells as well as antioxidant studies were parallel to the dual inhibitory activity. The present investigations identify a promising lead having anti-inflammatory potential with an improved gastric safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaismy Jacob P
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S L Manju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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28
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Anu D, Naveen P, Rath NP, Kaveri M. Palladium (II) complexes containing substituted thiosemicarbazones. Synthesis, spectral characterization, X-ray crystallography, biomolecular interactions and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Sarı Y, Gürses C, Celepci DB, Keleştemur Ü, Aktaş A, Yüksel Ş, Ateş B, Gök Y. 4-Vinylbenzyl and 2-morpholinoethyl substituted ruthenium (II) complexes: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Shadap L, Diamai S, Tyagi JL, Poluri KM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Synthesis, biological evaluation and colorimetric sensing studies of platinum group metal complexes comprising pyrazine based thiourea derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Dkhar L, Kaminsky W, Poluri KM, Kollipara MR. Versatile coordination modes of benzothiazole hydrazone derivatives towards Ru(II), Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes and their reactivity studies with azides and activated alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Muralisankar M, Dheepika R, Haribabu J, Balachandran C, Aoki S, Bhuvanesh NSP, Nagarajan S. Design, Synthesis, DNA/HSA Binding, and Cytotoxic Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru(II)-Arene Complexes Containing Triarylamine-Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11712-11723. [PMID: 31460277 PMCID: PMC6682138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organoruthenium complexes are potent alternatives for platinum-based complexes because of their superior anticancer activity. In this investigation, a series of new Ru(II)-arene complexes with triarylamine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands with higher anticancer activity than cisplatin are reported. The molecular structure of the ligands and complexes was confirmed spectroscopically and supported by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These complexes adopted a three-leg piano stool geometry. All the Ru(II)-arene complexes were systematically investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa S3), lung (A549) cancer, and human normal lung (IMR-90) cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Interestingly, a pyrrolidine-attached Ru(II)-benzene complex exhibited superior activity against cancer cells with low IC50 values, and colony formation study showed complete inhibition at 5 and 10 μM concentration. Furthermore, morphological changes assessed by acridine orange and propidium iodide staining revealed that the cell death occurred by apoptosis. In addition, the interaction between synthesized Ru(II)-arene complexes and DNA/protein was explored by absorption and emission spectroscopy methods. These synthesized new organoruthenium complexes can be used for developing new metal-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Institute
of Science and
Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil
Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
- E-mail:
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33
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Satheesh C, Sathish Kumar PN, Kumara PR, Karvembu R, Hosamani A, Nethaji M. Half‐sandwich Ru (II) complexes containing (N, O) Schiff base ligands: Catalysts for base‐free transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.E. Satheesh
- Department of Chemistry, UCSTumkur University Tumakuru 572103 Karnataka India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilanadu India
| | - Amar Hosamani
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - M. Nethaji
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
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34
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Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Potential Apoptosis Inducers in Cancer Therapy. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The compound cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is the most widely used anticancer drug, but due to its serious side effects (including gastrointestinal symptoms, renal tubular injury, neuromuscular complications, and ototoxicity), clinical applications of cisplatin are limited. Therefore, these limitations have provided an encouragement for further research into other transition metal complexes, with an aim to overcome the disadvantages related with cisplatin therapy. In the search for effective complexes that can be targeted against tumor cells, many research groups synthesized various ruthenium( II) complexes with different ligands. Also, newly synthesized ruthenium(II) complexes showed selective anticancer activity against different types of cancer cells. Activity of ruthenium(II) complexes in some cases was even higher than that of cisplatin against the same cells. Precise mechanism of action of ruthenium(II) complexes is not fully understood. The different examples mentioned in this review showed that ruthenium(II) complexes decreased viability of cancer cells by induction of apoptosis and/or by cell cycle arrest which implies their different mechanism of action against different types of cancer cells.
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35
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Swaminathan S, Haribabu J, Kalagatur NK, Konakanchi R, Balakrishnan N, Bhuvanesh N, Karvembu R. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of [RuCl 2(η 6-arene)(aroylthiourea)] Complexes-High Activity against the Human Neuroblastoma (IMR-32) Cancer Cell Line. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6245-6256. [PMID: 31459766 PMCID: PMC6648990 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Eight new organometallic Ru(II)-arene complexes of the type [RuCl2(η6-arene)(η1-S-aroylthiourea)] (arene = p-cymene or benzene) were synthesized in order to evaluate the effect of the arene moiety and the substituent of the aroylthiourea ligand on the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The ligands (L1 and L2) and complexes (1-8) were characterized using analytical and spectroscopic (UV-visible, infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass) methods. The structure of the ligands (L1 and L2) and complexes (1 and 3-6) was obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated against four different cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), COLO 205 (colon), A549 (lung), and IMR-32 (neuroblastoma). All the complexes showed good cytotoxicity and the highest was in the IMR-32 cell line, which articulates the specificity of these complexes toward the IMR-32 cancer cell line. The complexes 5, 7, and 8 exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity in the entire cancer cell lines tested, which was comparable with the standard drug, cisplatin. The anticancer mechanism of the complexes 3 and 7 in IMR-32 cells was evaluated by bright-field microscopy, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA damage, and caspase-3 analyses. The cells treated with the complexes showed upregulated caspase-3 compared to the control, and it was found that ROS and MMP were dose-dependent on analysis. Also, bright-field microscopy and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining have correspondingly shown cellular membrane blebbing and DNA damage, which were morphological hallmarks of apoptosis. The study concluded that the complexes promoted the oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic death of the cancer cells through the generation of intracellular ROS, depletion of MMP, and damage of the nuclear material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- DRDO-BU-Centre
for Life Sciences, Bharathiar Univeristy Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Nithya Balakrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
- E-mail:
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36
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Gandhaveeti R, Konakanchi R, Jyothi P, Bhuvanesh NSP, Anandaram S. Unusual coordination mode of aroyl/acyl thiourea ligands and their π‐arene ruthenium (II) piano‐stool complexes: Synthesis, molecular geometry, theoretical studies and biological applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gandhaveeti
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Warangal 506004 India
| | | | | | - Sreekanth Anandaram
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
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37
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Shadap L, Diamai S, Banothu V, Negi D, Adepally U, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Half sandwich platinum group metal complexes of thiourea derivative ligands with benzothiazole moiety possessing anti-bacterial activity and colorimetric sensing: Synthesis and characterisation. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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38
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Huang YC, Haribabu J, Chien CM, Sabapathi G, Chou CK, Karvembu R, Venuvanalingam P, Ching WM, Tsai ML, Hsu SCN. Half-sandwich Ru(η 6-p-cymene) complexes featuring pyrazole appended ligands: Synthesis, DNA binding and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 194:74-84. [PMID: 30831392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru(II)-arene complexes have emerged as potential alternatives to platinum appended agents due to their wide range of interesting features such as stability in solution and solid, significant activity, less toxicity and hydrophobic property of arene moiety, etc. Hence, a series of Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes, [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(η2-N,N-L1)Cl]Cl (1), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(η1-N-L2)Cl2] (2) and [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(η1-N-L3)Cl2] (3) were prepared from pyrazole based ligands [2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (L1), 3-(furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (L2) and 3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (L3)], and [RuCl2-(η6-p-cymene)] dimer. The new Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes were well characterized by elemental analysis, and spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass) and crystallographic methods. The Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes (1-3) were found to adopt their characteristic piano stool geometry around Ru(II) ion. The calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) binding ability of the new complexes was investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopic titration and viscosity methods. The molecular docking study results showed that complex 1 strongly bound with targeted biomolecules than 2 and 3. Docked poses of bidentate pyrazole based Ru(II)-p-cymene complex 1 revealed that the complex formed a crucial guanine N7 position hydrogen bond with DNA receptor. Complexes 1-3 might hydrolyze under physiological conditions and form aqua complexes 4-8, and docking calculations showed that the aqua complexes bound strongly with the receptors than original complexes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes and cisplatin was evaluated against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showed that the inhibitory effect of bidentate pyrazole based Ru(II)-p-cymene complex 1 on the growth of breast cancer cells was superior to other tested complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| | - Ching-Ming Chien
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Gopal Sabapathi
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Chon-Kit Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Wei-Min Ching
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Sodio C N Hsu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Parveen S, Tong KKH, Khawar Rauf M, Kubanik M, Shaheen MA, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Coordination Chemistry of Organoruthenium Compounds with Benzoylthiourea Ligands and their Biological Properties. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1262-1270. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Parveen
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Kelvin K. H. Tong
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Khawar Rauf
- Office of Research, Innovation and CommercializationQuaid-I-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. F. Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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40
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Jeyalakshmi K, Haribabu J, Balachandran C, Swaminathan S, Bhuvanesh NSP, Karvembu R. Coordination Behavior of N,N′,N″-Trisubstituted Guanidine Ligands in Their Ru–Arene Complexes: Synthetic, DNA/Protein Binding, and Cytotoxic Studies. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaramangalam Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
- Department of Science and Humanities, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur 639113, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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41
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Synthesis, characterization and chemosensitivity studies of half-sandwich ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes containing к and к aroylthiourea ligands. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Zhang YP, Li Y, Xu GC, Li JY, Luo HY, Li JY, Zhang L, Jia DZ. Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA/bovine serum albumin binding and antitumor activity of two transition metal complexes with 4-acylpyrazolone derivative. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Guan-Cheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Hua-Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Jin-Yao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology; Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
| | - Dian-Zeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Autonomous Region; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University; Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang China
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43
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Jeyalakshmi K, Haribabu J, Balachandran C, Narmatha E, Bhuvanesh NSP, Aoki S, Awale S, Karvembu R. Highly active copper(i) complexes of aroylthiourea ligands against cancer cells – synthetic and biological studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(i) complexes containing sulfur donor monodentate aroylthiourea ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaramangalam Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli 620015
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli 620015
- India
| | | | | | | | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda 278-8510
- Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery
- Department of Translational Research
- Institute of Natural Medicine
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Tiruchirappalli 620015
- India
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44
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Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes, ketones and aldehydes using acylthiourea based Ru(II)(p-cymene) complexes as precatalysts. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Synthesis and structural characterization of arene d6 metal complexes of sulfonohydrazone and triazolo ligands: High potency of triazolo derivatives towards DNA binding. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Zayed EM, Zayed MA, Abd El Salam HA, Nawwar GA. Synthesis, structural characterization, density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations, thermal behaviour, docking and antimicrobial activity of 4-amino-5-(heptadec-8-en-1-yl)-4 H
-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and its metal chelates. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Zayed
- Green Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | | | - Galal A.M. Nawwar
- Green Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza Egypt
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47
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Rohini G, Ramaiah K, Aneesrahman KN, Aryasenan MC, Bhuvanesh NSP, Reddy KL, Sreekanth A. Biological evaluation, DNA/protein-binding aptitude of novel dibenzosuberene appended palladium (II)-thiourea complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhaveeti Rohini
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | - Konakanchi Ramaiah
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal 506004 India
| | - K. N. Aneesrahman
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | - Mohana C. Aryasenan
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | | | - Kotha Laxma Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal 506004 India
| | - Anandaram Sreekanth
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
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48
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Half-sandwich Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes bearing N-dibenzosuberenyl appended thiourea for catalytic transfer hydrogenation and in vitro anticancer activity. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Synthesis of strained complexes of arene d6 metals with benzoylthiourea and their spectral studies. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Adhikari S, Hussain O, Phillips RM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Neutral and cationic half-sandwich arene d6metal complexes containing pyridyl and pyrimidyl thiourea ligands with interesting bonding modes: Synthesis, structural and anti-cancer studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Adhikari
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University; Shillong 793022 India
| | - Omar Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University; Shillong 793022 India
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