1
|
Ali HA, Ismail MA, Fouda AEAS, Ghaith EA. A fruitful century for the scalable synthesis and reactions of biphenyl derivatives: applications and biological aspects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18262-18305. [PMID: 37333795 PMCID: PMC10274569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides recent developments in the current status and latest synthetic methodologies of biphenyl derivatives. Furthermore, this review investigates detailed discussions of several metalated chemical reactions related to biphenyl scaffolds such as Wurtz-Fittig, Ullmann, Bennett-Turner, Negishi, Kumada, Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Friedel-Crafts, cyanation, amination, and various electrophilic substitution reactions supported by their mechanistic pathways. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed. Furthermore, atropisomerism as a type of axial chirality in biphenyl molecules is discussed. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of biological and medicinal applications of the synthesized compounds involving patented approaches in the last decade corresponding to investigating the crucial role of the biphenyl structures in APIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar A Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aziz S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tetra(phenylethynyl)tin Is a New Reagent for Solvent-Free Alkynylation of Imines. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first ZnCl2-catalyzed alkynylation of aldimines with tetra(phenylethynyl)tin was achieved under solvent-free conditions. The present methodology provides propargylamines in 38–62% yields.
Collapse
|
3
|
Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Palladium‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of (
Z
)‐Conjugated Enynyl Homoallylic Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Ma L, Jiang P, Wang K, Huang X, Yang M, Gong L, Li R. High‐efficiency catalyst for copper nanoparticles attached to porous nitrogen‐doped carbon materials: Applied to the coupling reaction of alkyne groups under mild conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Pengbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Kaizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), the Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spesivaya ES, Lupanova IA, Konshina DN, Konshin VV. Zn(OTf)2/i-Pr2NEt promoted synthesis of tetraalkynylsilanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Gallego AM, Peñas-Defrutos MN, Marcos-Ayuso G, Martin-Alvarez JM, Martínez-Ilarduya JM, Espinet P. Experimental study of speciation and mechanistic implications when using chelating ligands in aryl-alkynyl Stille coupling. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11336-11345. [PMID: 32766614 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutral palladium(ii) complexes [Pd(Rf)X(P-L)] (Rf = 3,5-C6Cl2F3, X = Cl, I, OTf) with P-P (dppe and dppf) and P-N (PPh2(bzN)) ligands have chelated structures in the solid-state, except for P-L = dppf and X = Cl, were chelated and dimeric bridged structures are found. The species present in solution in different solvents (CDCl3, THF, NMP and HMPA) have been characterised by 19F and 31P{1H} NMR and conductivity studies. Some [Pd(Rf)X(P-L)] complexes are involved in equilibria with [Pd(Rf)(solv)(P-L)]X, depending on the solvent and X. The ΔH° and ΔS° values of these equilibria explain the variations of ionic vs. neutral complexes in the range 183-293 K. Overall the order of coordination strength of solvents and anionic ligands is: HMPA ≫ NMP > THF and I-, Cl- > TfO-. This coordination preference is determining the complexes participating in the alkynyl transmetalation from PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSnBu3 to [Pd(Rf)X(P-L)] (X = OTf, I) in THF and subsequent coupling. Very different reaction rates and stability of intermediates are observed for similar complexes, revealing neglected complexities that catalytic cycles have to deal with. Rich information on the evolution of these Stille systems after transmetalation has been obtained that leads to proposal of a common behaviour for complexes with dppe and PPh2(bzN), but a different evolution for the complexes with dppf: this difference leads the latter to produce PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CRf and black Pd, whereas the two former yield PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CRf and [Pd(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)(SnBu3)(dppe)] or [Pd(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh)(SnBu3){PPh2(bzN)}].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gallego
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marconi N Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Marcos-Ayuso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Jose M Martin-Alvarez
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Martínez-Ilarduya
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chikava AR, Levashov AS, Konshin VV. Reaction of 1-Iodoalkynes with Tin Metal: A New Approach to the Sn–Csp Bond Formation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Horino Y, Murakami M, Ishibashi M, Lee JH, Watanabe A, Matsumoto R, Abe H. Trialkylborane-Mediated Propargylation of Aldehydes Using γ-Stannylated Propargyl Acetates. Org Lett 2019; 21:9564-9568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Miki Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Mayo Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Dongguk University, Gyeongju Campus, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Airi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Rio Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buryi DS, Levashov AS. The Reaction of Tin Tetracarbamates with Organyl Chlorosilanes: A Novel Synthetic Route Towards O-Silylurethanes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Singh M, Singh AS, Mishra N, Agrahari AK, Tiwari VK. Benzotriazole as an Efficient Ligand in Cu-Catalyzed Glaser Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2418-2424. [PMID: 31459480 PMCID: PMC6648008 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole has been established as an efficient ligand in Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal alkynes to form 1,3-dialkynes using CuI as the catalyst and K2CO3 as the base at room temperature in an open round-bottom flask. The established protocol has the following notable advantages: simple to handle, easy work-up, mild reaction condition, high substrate scope, requirement of less quantity of ligand and also Cu-catalyst, less expensive, and high reaction yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anoop S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Horino Y, Murakami M, Aimono A, Lee JH, Abe H. Trialkylborane-Mediated Multicomponent Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Anti-δ,δ-Disubstituted Homoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:476-480. [PMID: 30596237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trialkylborane/O2-mediated reaction of propargyl acetates having a tributylstannyl group at an alkyne terminus with aldehydes in a THF-H2O solvent system gave anti-δ,δ-disubstituted homoallylic alcohols with good to high diastereoselectivity. Intriguingly, two alkyl groups derived from trialkylborane were embedded into the reaction product. The trialkylborane plays a key role not only as a radical initiator but also as a source of alkyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Miki Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Ataru Aimono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Dongguk University , Gyeongju 780-714 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lewis acid promoted reaction of tetraalkynylstannanes with acyl chlorides: An effective approach towards alkynyl ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Levashov AS, Buryi DS, Konshin VV, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. Reaction of tetra(phenylethynyl)tin with aromatic aldehydes: A new one-pot method for the synthesis of α-acetylene ketones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
16
|
Levashov AS, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV, Konshin VV. Oxidative coupling of tetraalkynyltin with aldehydes leading to alkynyl ketones. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A small library of acetylenic ketones was synthesized by the reaction of tetraalkynyltin reagents with aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Levashov
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technologies, Kuban State University
- 350040 Krasnodar
- Russian Federation
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- 355009 Stavropol
- Russian Federation
- Peoples Friendship University Russia
| | - Inna V. Aksenova
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- 355009 Stavropol
- Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy V. Konshin
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technologies, Kuban State University
- 350040 Krasnodar
- Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|