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Liu X, Wu W, Lin D, Yang K. Linear adsorption of organic compounds on mesoporous activated carbon in bi-solute system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25729. [PMID: 38352802 PMCID: PMC10862680 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of organic compounds adsorption by adsorbents is essential for evaluating the environmental fates of organic compounds and removing them from the environment. Linear adsorption, as a supplement to the traditionally nonlinear adsorption, was previously proposed for the linear sorption of organic compounds on the mesoporous surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in multi-solute system. However, CNTs are not the ideal adsorbent to verify the linear adsorption mechanism, because of their partition-like phase components such as mobile graphene layers that could be responsible for the linear sorption through linear partition mechanism instead, and thus the linear adsorption theory was argued. In this study, therefore, mesoporous activated carbon (MAC), widely accepted as the model free of partition phase components, was selected as an adsorbent to investigate the adsorption of typical organic compounds in the bi-solute system for verifying whether the linear adsorption phenomenon existed or not. The isotherm of nitrobenzene on MAC was changed from nonlinear to linear with 4-nitrophenol up to 1400 mg/L, and the linear isotherm slope decreased more as 4-nitrophenol concentration increased until 4000 mg/L. It agreed with the characteristics of adsorption (i.e., competition) but not partition (i.e., noncompetition), confirming the existence of linear adsorption. The isotherm linearity was attributed to the reduction of adsorption interactions by displacement and multilayer adsorption. Moreover, linear adsorption of apolar compounds on MAC could occur with apolar or polar competitors, while for polar compounds, linear adsorption could occur with only polar competitors. The observed linear sorption and the competition of organic compounds in the bi-solute system on MAC free of partition phase components verified that the linear adsorption existed, which gives a new insight into the adsorption theory for organic compounds. The results could provide better fundamental theory of adsorption for improving the accuracy of environmental risk assessment of organic pollution and enhancing the efficiency of organic pollution control in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Hao S, Xie Z, Wang W, Kou J, Wu F. Self-propelled continuous transport of nanoparticles on a wedge-shaped groove track. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4910-4916. [PMID: 36779838 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the directional motion of nanoparticles on the surface is particularly important for human life, but achieving continuous transport is a time-consuming and demanding task. Here, a spontaneous movement of nanoflakes on a wedge-shaped groove track is demonstrated by using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, an optimized track, where one end of the substrate is cut into an angle, is introduced to induce a sustained directional movement. It is shown that the wedge-shaped interface results in a driving force for the nanoflakes to move from the diverging to the converging end, and the angular substrate provides an auxiliary driving force at the junction to maintain continuous transport. A force analysis is carried out in detail to reveal the driving mechanism. Moreover, the sustained transport is sensitive to the surface energy and structural characteristics of the track: the nanoflakes are more likely to move continuously on the track with lower surface energy and a smaller substrate and groove opening angle. The present findings are useful for designing nanodevices to control the movement of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zhang Xie
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Mescola A, Paolicelli G, Ogilvie SP, Guarino R, McHugh JG, Rota A, Iacob E, Gnecco E, Valeri S, Pugno NM, Gadhamshetty V, Rahman MM, Ajayan P, Dalton AB, Tripathi M. Graphene Confers Ultralow Friction on Nanogear Cogs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104487. [PMID: 34676978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Friction-induced energy dissipation impedes the performance of nanomechanical devices. Nevertheless, the application of graphene is known to modulate frictional dissipation by inducing local strain. This work reports on the nanomechanics of graphene conformed on different textured silicon surfaces that mimic the cogs of a nanoscale gear. The variation in the pitch lengths regulates the strain induced in capped graphene revealed by scanning probe techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. The atomistic visualization elucidates asymmetric straining of CC bonds over the corrugated architecture resulting in distinct friction dissipation with respect to the groove axis. Experimental results are reported for strain-dependent solid lubrication which can be regulated by the corrugation and leads to ultralow frictional forces. The results are applicable for graphene covered corrugated structures with movable components such as nanoelectromechanical systems, nanoscale gears, and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze - Centro S3, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Guido Paolicelli
- CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze - Centro S3, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Sean P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Roberto Guarino
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Villigen PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - James G McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Alberto Rota
- CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze - Centro S3, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Erica Iacob
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Sensors and Devices, via Sommarive 18, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Enrico Gnecco
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Sergio Valeri
- CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze - Centro S3, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 7705, USA
| | - Pulickel Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 7705, USA
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
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Machado LD, Bizao RA, Pugno NM, Galvão DS. Controlling Movement at Nanoscale: Curvature Driven Mechanotaxis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100909. [PMID: 34302438 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Locating and manipulating nano-sized objects to drive motion is a time and effort consuming task. Recent advances show that it is possible to generate motion without direct intervention, by embedding the source of motion in the system configuration. In this work, an alternative manner to controllably displace nano-objects without external manipulation is demonstrated, by employing spiral-shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene nanoribbon structures (GNR). The spiral shape contains smooth gradients of curvature, which lead to smooth gradients of bending energy. It is shown that these gradients as well as surface energy gradients can drive nano-oscillators. An energy analysis is also carried out by approximating the carbon nanotube to a thin rod and how torsional gradients can be used to drive motion is discussed. For the nanoribbons, the role of layer orientation is also analyzed. The results show that motion is not sustainable for commensurate orientations, in which AB stacking occurs. For incommensurate orientations, friction almost vanishes, and in this instance, the motion can continue even if the driving forces are not very high. This suggests that mild curvature gradients, which can already be found in existing nanostructures, could provide mechanical stimuli to direct motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Machado
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Bizao
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Douglas S Galvão
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin,", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C. P. 6165, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Huang J, Fan Y, Guo Y, Liang Y. Study of torsional strain effect on dynamic behavior of carbon nanotube thermal actuator. J Mol Model 2020; 26:247. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leng J, Hu Y, Chang T. Nanoscale directional motion by angustotaxis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5308-5312. [PMID: 31872851 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Directing motion of a nanoscale object on solid surfaces, in particular in an intrinsic way, is crucial for many aspects of nanotechnology applications. Here we report a novel intrinsic mechanism for nanoscale directional motion, termed angustotaxis, where a wide single walled carbon nanotube in a tapered channel drives itself toward the narrower end of the channel. The underlying physics of angustotaxis is attributed to the lower system potential when the nanotube is at a narrower region of the channel due to the increased contact area between the nanotube and the channel. Angustotaxis could lead to promising routes not only for nanoscale energy conversion from van der Waals potential to mechanical work, but also for mass transport like surface cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Leng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Khan MB, Wang S, Wang C, Chen S. Rotation of nanoflake driven by strain gradient fields in locally-indented graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:015303. [PMID: 31519015 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rotation of nano-components is necessary in nanoscale mechanical systems (NMS) to enable various functions of nanomachines, however, the actuation and modulation of nanoscale rotation have been poorly investigated up to now. In this paper, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations to study the in-plane rotation of a graphene nanoflake hinged to a graphene substrate by easily accessible nanoindentation techniques. The flake can be driven to rotate by strain gradient fields (SGFs) induced by indenting the substrate locally. The effect of flake size, indenting velocity and position on flake rotation are studied systematically. It is found that there exists a critical range of flake size which is comparable to that of SGFs. The direction of flake rotation, i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise, can be tuned effectively by indenting the substrate asymmetrically with respect to the flake. Besides, the rotation can be speeded up by simply indenting more quickly. Furthermore, the flake can be trapped in a desired region on the substrate by adopting double SGFs. The continuous rotation of the flake can be realized by intermittently indenting the substrate near the flake. These results may be useful for designing the rotation of components in NMSs and nanoscale manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Wang C, Peng Z, Chen S. A new technique for nanoparticle transport and its application in a novel nano-sieve. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9682. [PMID: 29946132 PMCID: PMC6018662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technique is proposed to transport and further classify nanoparticles of different sizes. A graphene sheet is used as the substrate; a nanoparticle is placed on the substrate and a sliding block is located below the substrate. As the sliding block moves under the graphene substrate, a driving force is yielded from the van der Waals interaction between the sliding block and the nanoparticle. The effects of the pre-tension of the graphene substrate, size and number of layers of the nanoparticle, slip velocity, the interface commensurability and temperature on nanoparticle transportation are systematically investigated. It is found that a pre-tensioned graphene substrate could provide easier nanoparticle transport. The initial movement of the nanoparticle depends on the competition between the in-plane force and the driving force, while the subsequent transport depends on the slip velocity of the sliding block and the viscous damping force. Based on such a new transport mechanism, a novel nano-sieve can be designed, with which nanoparticles of different sizes can be screened and classified spontaneously. Our findings may be useful for promising designs of transportation, manipulation and classification of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhilong Peng
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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