1
|
Ferraro A, Bruno MDL, Papuzzo G, Varchera R, Forestiero A, De Santo MP, Caputo R, Barberi RC. Low Cost and Easy Validation Anticounterfeiting Plasmonic Tags Based on Thin Films of Metal and Dielectric. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081279. [PMID: 35457987 PMCID: PMC9026069 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel anticounterfeiting Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) tags based on thin film of silver (Ag), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP), are experimentally demonstrated and validated. We exploit the low adhesion of silver to glass and consequent degradation during ZnO deposition to induce morphological randomness. Several photographs of the tag surfaces have been collected with different illumination conditions and using two smartphones of diverse brand. The photos were analyzed using an image recognition algorithm revealing low common minutiae for different tags. Moreover, the optical response reveals peculiar spectra due to labels of plasmonic nature. The proposed systems can be easily fabricated on large areas and represent a cost-effective solution for practical protection of objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferraro
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.D.L.B.); (M.P.D.S.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.D.L.B.); (M.P.D.S.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Papuzzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for High Performance and Networking (CNR-ICAR), 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | | | - Agostino Forestiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute for High Performance and Networking (CNR-ICAR), 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Maria Penolope De Santo
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.D.L.B.); (M.P.D.S.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.D.L.B.); (M.P.D.S.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), 87036 Rende, Italy
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.C.); (R.C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Cristofaro Barberi
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.D.L.B.); (M.P.D.S.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR-Nanotec), 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.F.); (R.C.); (R.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li N, Xiang F, Elizarov MS, Makarenko M, Lopez AB, Getman F, Bonifazi M, Mazzone V, Fratalocchi A. Large-Scale and Wide-Gamut Coloration at the Diffraction Limit in Flexible, Self-Assembled Hierarchical Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108013. [PMID: 34919763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling physical phenomena that generate controllable structural coloration is at the center of significant research efforts due to the platform potential for the next generation of printing, sensing, displays, wearable optoelectronics components, and smart fabrics. Colors based on e-beam facilities possess high resolutions above 100k dots per inch (DPI), but limit manufacturing scales up to 4.37 cm2 , while requiring rigid substrates that are not flexible. State-of-art scalable techniques, on the contrary, provide either narrow gamuts or small resolutions. A common issue of current methods is also a heterogeneous resolution, which typically changes with the color printed. Here, a structural coloration platform with broad gamuts exceeding the red, green, and blue (RGB) spectrum in inexpensive, thermally resistant, flexible, and metallic-free structures at constant 101 600 DPI (at the diffraction limit), obtained via mass-production manufacturing is demonstrated. This platform exploits a previously unexplored physical mechanism, which leverages the interplay between strong scattering modes and optical resonances excited in fully 3D dielectric nanostructures with suitably engineered longitudinal profiles. The colors obtained with this technology are scalable to any area, demonstrated up to the single wafer (4 in.). These results open real-world applications of inexpensive, high-resolution, large-scale structural colors with broad chromatic spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Xiang
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maxim S Elizarov
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxim Makarenko
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arturo B Lopez
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedor Getman
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcella Bonifazi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- University of Zurich, Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Mazzone
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- University of Zurich, Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weissman A, Sukharev M, Salomon A. Strong coupling between an inverse bowtie Nano-Antenna and a J-aggregate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:438-445. [PMID: 34929514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate strong coupling between a single or few J-aggregates and an inverse bowtie plasmonic structure, when the J-aggregate is located at a specific axial distance from the metallic surface. Three hybrid modes are clearly observed, witnessing a strong interaction, with a Rabi splitting of up to 290 meV, the precise value of which significantly depends on the orientation of the J-aggregate with respect to the symmetry axis of the plasmonic structure. We repeated our experiments with a set of triangular hole arrays, showing consistent formation of three or more hybrid modes, in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beiderman M, Ashkenazy A, Segal E, Motiei M, Salomon A, Sadan T, Fixler D, Popovtzer R. Optimization of Gold Nanorod Features for the Enhanced Performance of Plasmonic Nanocavity Arrays. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29071-29077. [PMID: 34746596 PMCID: PMC8567385 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic biosensors incorporating noble metal nanocavity arrays are widely used for the detection of various biomarkers. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have unique properties that can enhance spectroscopic detection capabilities of such nanocavity-based biosensors. However, the contribution of the physical properties of multiple GNRs to resonance enhancement of gold nanocavity arrays requires further characterization and elucidation. In this work, we study how GNR aspect ratio (AR) and surface area (SA) modify the plasmonic resonance spectrum of a gold triangular nanocavity array by both simulations and experiments. The finite integration technique (FIT) simulated the extinction spectrum of the gold nanocavity array with 300 nm periodicity onto which the GNRs of different ARs and SAs are placed. Simulations showed that matching of the GNRs longitudinal peak, which is affected by AR, to the nanocavity array's spectrum minima can optimize signal suppression and shifting. Moreover, increasing SA of the matched GNRs increased the spectral variations of the array. Experiments confirmed that GNRs conjugated to a gold triangular nanocavity array of 300 nm periodicity caused spectrum suppression and redshift. Our findings demonstrate that tailoring of the GNR AR and SA parameters to nanoplasmonic arrays has the potential to greatly improve spectral variations for enhanced plasmonic biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Beiderman
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ariel Ashkenazy
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Elad Segal
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ron R, Zielinski MS, Salomon A. Cathodoluminescence Nanoscopy of 3D Plasmonic Networks. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8205-8211. [PMID: 33054237 PMCID: PMC7662921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metallic networks are endowed with the distinctive optical properties of strong field enhancement and spatial localization, raising the necessity to map the optical eigenmodes with high spatial resolution. In this work, we used cathodoluminescence (CL) to map the local electric fields of a three-dimensional (3D) silver network made of nanosized ligaments and holes over a broad spectral range. A multitude of neighboring hotspots at different frequencies and intensities are observed at subwavelength distances over the network. In contrast to well-defined plasmonic structures, the hotspots do not necessarily correlate with the network morphology, emphasizing the complexity and energy dissipation through the network. In addition, we show that the inherent connectivity of the networked structure plays a key optical role because a ligament with a single connected linker shows localized modes whereas an octopus-like ligament with multiple connections permits energy propagation through the network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Ron
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Adi Salomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
- Saints-Pères
Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Universite
de Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Second Harmonic Generation for Moisture Monitoring in Dimethoxyethane at a Gold-Solvent Interface Using Plasmonic Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121788. [PMID: 31888197 PMCID: PMC6955981 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden from most bulk metals because metals are characterized by centrosymmetric symmetry. Adsorption or desorption of molecules at the metal interface can break the symmetry and lead to SHG responses. Yet, the response is relatively low, and minute changes occurring at the interface, especially at solid/liquid interfaces, like in battery electrodes are difficult to assess. Herein, we use a plasmonic structure milled in a gold electrode to increase the overall SHG signal from the interface and gain information about small changes occurring at the interface. Using a specific homebuilt cell, we monitor changes at the liquid/electrode interface. Specifically, traces of water in dimethoxyethane (DME) have been detected following changes in the SHG responses from the plasmonic structures. We propose that by plasmonic structures this technique can be used for assessing minute changes occurring at solid/liquid interfaces such as battery electrodes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ron R, Haleva E, Salomon A. Nanoporous Metallic Networks: Fabrication, Optical Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706755. [PMID: 29774611 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metallic networks are a group of porous materials made of solid metals with suboptical wavelength sizes of both particles and voids. They are characterized by unique optical properties, as well as high surface area and permeability of guest materials. As such, they attract a great focus as novel materials for photonics, catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. Their properties together with the ability for scaling-up evoke an increased interest also in the industrial field. Here, fabrication techniques of large-scale metallic networks are discussed, and their interesting optical properties as well as their applications are considered. In particular, the focus is on disordered systems, which may facilitate the fabrication technique, yet, endow the three-dimensional (3D) network with distinct optical properties. These metallic networks bridge the nanoworld into the macroscopic world, and therefore pave the way to the fabrication of innovative materials with unique optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Ron
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Emir Haleva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galanty M, Shavit O, Weissman A, Aharon H, Gachet D, Segal E, Salomon A. Second harmonic generation hotspot on a centrosymmetric smooth silver surface. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:49. [PMID: 30839636 PMCID: PMC6107033 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden for materials with inversion symmetry, such as bulk metals. Symmetry can be broken by morphological or dielectric discontinuities, yet SHG from a smooth continuous metallic surface is negligible. Using non-linear microscopy, we experimentally demonstrate enhanced SHG within an area of smooth silver film surrounded by nanocavities. Nanocavity-assisted SHG is locally enhanced by more than one order of magnitude compared to a neighboring silver surface area. Linear optical measurements and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging substantiate these observations. We suggest that plasmonic modes launched from the edges of the nanocavities propagate onto the smooth silver film and annihilate, locally generating SHG. In addition, we show that these hotspots can be dynamically controlled in intensity and location by altering the polarization of the incoming field. Our results show that switchable nonlinear hotspots can be generated on smooth metallic films, with important applications in photocatalysis, single-molecule spectroscopy and non-linear surface imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matan Galanty
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Omer Shavit
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Adam Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hannah Aharon
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - David Gachet
- Attolight AG, EPFL Innovation Park, Building D, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elad Segal
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, BINA Nano Center for Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Efremushkin L, Bhunia SK, Jelinek R, Salomon A. Carbon Dots-Plasmonics Coupling Enables Energy Transfer and Provides Unique Chemical Signatures. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6080-6085. [PMID: 29185750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures and carbon dots (C-dots) are fascinating optical materials, utilized in imaging, sensing, and color generation. Interaction between plasmonic materials and C-dots may lead to new hybrid materials with controllable optical properties. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time coupling between plasmonic modes and C-dots deposited upon a plasmonic silver hole array. The coupling leads to a remarkable visual attenuation and shifts of the plasmonic wavelengths (i.e., color tuning). In particular, the C-dots-plasmon couplings and pertinent color transformations depend both upon the C-dots' fluorescence emission wavelengths and functional residues displayed upon the C-dots' surface. This optical modulation corresponds to energy level alignment and consequent energy transfer between the C-dots and the plasmonic silver hole array. Notably, the energy coupling observed in the C-dot-plasmonic hybrid system allows distinguishing between C-dots species exhibiting similar optical properties, albeit displaying different functional residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Efremushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ron R, Gachet D, Rechav K, Salomon A. Direct Fabrication of 3D Metallic Networks and Their Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604018. [PMID: 27943494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of macroscopic nanoporous metallic networks is challenging, because it demands fine structures at the nanoscale over a large-scale. A technique to form pure scalable networks is introduced. The networked-metals ("Netals") exhibit a strong interaction with light and indicate a large fraction of hot-electrons generation. These hot-electrons are available to derive photocatalytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Ron
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - David Gachet
- Attolight AG, EPFL Innovation Park, Building D, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|