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Olejniczak A, Rich R, Gryczynski Z, Cichy B. Non-excitonic defect-assisted radiative transitions are responsible for new D-type blinking in ternary quantum dots. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 7:63-76. [PMID: 34792059 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the issue of dark states formation in QDs by cooperative excitonic and intrinsic defect-assisted radiative transitions. Here we refer to the observed blinking as D-type to distinguish it from purely excitonic types. It is shown experimentally that defect-assisted radiative relaxations in a single I-III-VI QD result in atypical blinking characteristics that cannot be explained on the basis of charged exciton models. In addition to the excitonic channel, it has been proposed that defect-assisted kinetics can also form blinking patterns. Two conditions for the formation of dark states have been identified which are related to correlation and competition when considering photons emitted from bright defects. Two transition schemes have therefore been proposed. The first transition scheme includes time-correlated trapping of more than one electron at a single trap centre. This is used to simulate variations in the defect's charge state and switching between radiative/nonradiative transitions. The latter scheme, on the other hand, involves uncorrelated trapping and radiative relaxations from two different types of defects (competition). Both schemes are seen to play an equal role in radiative processes in I-III-VI QDs. Considered together, the proposed models can reflect the experimental data with very good accuracy, providing a better understanding of the underlying physics. An important implication of these schemes is that dark states formation doesn't have to be limited to mechanisms that involve charged excitons, and it may also be observed for independent defect assisted kinetics. This is especially valid for highly defected or multinary QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Olejniczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ryan Rich
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Texas Wesleyan University, 1201 Wesleyan Street, Fort Worth, TX 76105, USA
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Bartłomiej Cichy
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
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Miropoltsev M, Kuznetsova V, Tkach A, Cherevkov S, Sokolova A, Osipova V, Gromova Y, Baranov M, Fedorov A, Gun’ko Y, Baranov A. FRET-Based Analysis of AgInS 2/ZnAgInS/ZnS Quantum Dot Recombination Dynamics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122455. [PMID: 33302496 PMCID: PMC7763287 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are very promising nanomaterials with a range of potential applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and biomedicine. Despite quite intensive studies of ternary QDs over the last years, the specific relaxation channels involved in their emission mechanisms are still poorly understood, particularly in the corresponding core-shell nanostructures. In the present work, we have studied the recombination pathways of AgInS2 QDs stabilized with the ZnAgInS alloy layer and the ZnS shell (AIS/ZAIS/ZnS QDs) using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also investigated FRET in complexes of AIS/ZAIS/ZnS QDs and cyanine dyes with the absorption bands overlapping in the different regions of the QD emission spectrum, which allowed us to selectively quench the radiative transitions of the QDs. Our studies have demonstrated that FRET from QDs to dyes results in decreasing of all QD PL decay components with the shortest lifetime decreasing the most and the longest one decreasing the least. This research presents important approaches for the investigation of ternary QD luminescence mechanisms by the selective quenching of recombination pathways. These studies are also essential for potential applications of ternary QDs in photodynamic therapy, multiplex analysis, and time-resolved FRET sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Miropoltsev
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera Kuznetsova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton Tkach
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sergei Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Sokolova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Viktoria Osipova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Yulia Gromova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Mikhail Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anatoly Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Yurii Gun’ko
- Chemistry School, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Alexander Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
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Berends AC, Mangnus MJJ, Xia C, Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C. Optoelectronic Properties of Ternary I-III-VI 2 Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Bright Prospects with Elusive Origins. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1600-1616. [PMID: 30883139 PMCID: PMC6452418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals of ternary I-III-VI2 semiconductors are emerging as promising alternatives to Cd- and Pb-chalcogenide nanocrystals because of their inherently lower toxicity, while still offering widely tunable photoluminescence. These properties make them promising materials for a variety of applications. However, the realization of their full potential has been hindered by both their underdeveloped synthesis and the poor understanding of their optoelectronic properties, whose origins are still under intense debate. In this Perspective, we provide novel insights on the latter aspect by critically discussing the accumulated body of knowledge on I-III-VI2 nanocrystals. From our analysis, we conclude that the luminescence in these nanomaterials most likely originates from the radiative recombination of a delocalized conduction band electron with a hole localized at the group-I cation, which results in broad bandwidths, large Stokes shifts, and long exciton lifetimes. Finally, we highlight the remaining open questions and propose experiments to address them.
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Sharma DK, Hirata S, Biju V, Vacha M. Stark Effect and Environment-Induced Modulation of Emission in Single Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2019; 13:624-632. [PMID: 30616355 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for next-generation solar cells. In nanostructured form also, these materials are excellent candidates for optoelectronic applications such as lasers and light-emitting diodes for displays and lighting. While great progress has been achieved so far in optimizing the intrinsic photophysical properties of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), in working optoelectronic devices, external factors, such as the effects of conducting environment and the applied electric field on exciton generation and photon emission, have been largely unexplored. Here, we use NCs of the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 dispersed polyvinyl carbazole, a hole-conductor, and in poly(methyl methacrylate), an insulator, to examine the effects of applied electric field and conductivity of the matrix on the perovskite photophysics at the single-particle level. We found that the conducting environment causes a significant decrease of photoluminescence (PL) brightness of individual NCs due the appearance of intermediate-intensity emitting states with significantly shortened lifetime. Applied electric field has a similar effect and, in addition, causes a nonlinear spectral shift of the PL maxima, a combination of linear and quadratic Stark effects caused by environment-induced polarity and field-related polarizability. The environment and electric-field effects are explained by ionization of the NCs through hole transfer and emission of the resulting negatively charged excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science and Engineering , The University of Electro Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu , Tokyo 182-8585 , Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , N20W10, Kita Ward , Sapporo 001-0020 , Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
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Kameyama T, Kishi M, Miyamae C, Sharma DK, Hirata S, Yamamoto T, Uematsu T, Vacha M, Kuwabata S, Torimoto T. Wavelength-Tunable Band-Edge Photoluminescence of Nonstoichiometric Ag-In-S Nanoparticles via Ga 3+ Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42844-42855. [PMID: 30508368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nonstoichiometry of I-III-VI semiconductor nanoparticles, especially the ratio of group I to group III elements, has been utilized to control their physicochemical properties. We report the solution-phase synthesis of nonstoichiometric Ag-In-S and Ag-In-Ga-S nanoparticles and results of the investigation of their photoluminescence (PL) properties in relation to their chemical compositions. While stoichiometric AgInS2 nanoparticles simply exhibited only a broad PL band originating from defect sites in the particles, a narrow band edge PL peak newly appeared with a decrease in the Ag fraction in the nonstoichiometric Ag-In-S nanoparticles. The relative PL intensity of this band edge emission with respect to the defect-site emission was optimal at a Ag/(Ag + In) value of ca. 0.4. The peak wavelength of the band edge emission was tunable from 610 to 500 nm by increased doping with Ga3+ into Ag-In-S nanoparticles due to an increase of the energy gap. Furthermore, surface coating of Ga3+-doped Ag-In-S nanoparticles, that is, Ag-In-Ga-S nanoparticles, with a GaS x shell drastically and selectively suppressed the broad defect-site PL peak and, at the same time, led to an increase in the PL quantum yield (QY) of the band edge emission peak. The optimal PL QY was 28% for Ag-In-Ga-S@GaS x core-shell particles, with green band-edge emission at 530 nm and a full width at half-maximum of 181 meV (41 nm). The observed wavelength tunability of the band-edge PL peak will facilitate possible use of these toxic-element-free I-III-VI-based nanoparticles in a wide area of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kameyama
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Marino Kishi
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Chie Miyamae
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Taro Uematsu
- Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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Vacha M, Sharma DK. Photophysics and electroluminescence of single nanocrystals of halide perovskites and related nanomaterials. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201819002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report simultaneous photoluminescence and electroluminescence single-particle study of nanocrystals of inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3, as well as of ternary I-III-IV semiconductor quantum dots.
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Sharma DK, Hirata S, Bujak L, Biju V, Kameyama T, Kishi M, Torimoto T, Vacha M. Influence of Zn on the photoluminescence of colloidal (AgIn)xZn2(1−x)S2 nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3963-3969. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of Zn on the photophysical properties of a family of group I–III–VI nanocrystals (NCs), namely in solid solutions of (AgIn)xZn2(1−x)S2 (ZAIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Lukasz Bujak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0020
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Marino Kishi
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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