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Esteki K, Manning HG, Sheerin E, Ferreira MS, Boland JJ, Gomes da Rocha C. Tuning the electro-optical properties of nanowire networks. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15369-15379. [PMID: 34498659 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive and transparent metallic nanowire networks are regarded as promising alternatives to Indium-Tin-Oxides (ITOs) in emerging flexible next-generation technologies due to their prominent optoelectronic properties and low-cost fabrication. The performance of such systems closely relies on many geometrical, physical, and intrinsic properties of the nanowire materials as well as the device-layout. A comprehensive computational study is essential to model and quantify the device's optical and electrical responses prior to fabrication. Here, we present a computational toolkit that exploits the electro-optical specifications of distinct device-layouts, namely standard random nanowire network and transparent mesh pattern structures. The target materials for transparent conducting electrodes of this study are aluminium, gold, copper, and silver nanowires. We have examined a variety of tunable parameters including network area fraction, length to diameter aspect ratio, and nanowires angular orientations under different device designs. Moreover, the optical extinction efficiency factors of each material are estimated by two approaches: Mie light scattering theory and finite element method (FEM) algorithm implemented in COMSOL®Multiphysics software. We studied various nanowire network structures and calculated their respective figures of merit (optical transmittance versus sheet resistance) from which insights on the design of next-generation transparent conductor devices can be inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Esteki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Hugh G Manning
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emmet Sheerin
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mauro S Ferreira
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J Boland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claudia Gomes da Rocha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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2
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Manning HG, Niosi F, da Rocha CG, Bellew AT, O'Callaghan C, Biswas S, Flowers PF, Wiley BJ, Holmes JD, Ferreira MS, Boland JJ. Emergence of winner-takes-all connectivity paths in random nanowire networks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3219. [PMID: 30104665 PMCID: PMC6089893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanowire networks are promising memristive architectures for neuromorphic applications due to their connectivity and neurosynaptic-like behaviours. Here, we demonstrate a self-similar scaling of the conductance of networks and the junctions that comprise them. We show this behavior is an emergent property of any junction-dominated network. A particular class of junctions naturally leads to the emergence of conductance plateaus and a "winner-takes-all" conducting path that spans the entire network, and which we show corresponds to the lowest-energy connectivity path. The memory stored in the conductance state is distributed across the network but encoded in specific connectivity pathways, similar to that found in biological systems. These results are expected to have important implications for development of neuromorphic devices based on reservoir computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh G Manning
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fabio Niosi
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claudia Gomes da Rocha
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Allen T Bellew
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colin O'Callaghan
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Subhajit Biswas
- Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group, School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27708, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27708, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin D Holmes
- Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group, School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mauro S Ferreira
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J Boland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Jadwiszczak J, O’Callaghan C, Zhou Y, Fox DS, Weitz E, Keane D, Cullen CP, O’Reilly I, Downing C, Shmeliov A, Maguire P, Gough JJ, McGuinness C, Ferreira MS, Bradley AL, Boland JJ, Duesberg GS, Nicolosi V, Zhang H. Oxide-mediated recovery of field-effect mobility in plasma-treated MoS 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao5031. [PMID: 29511736 PMCID: PMC5837433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Precise tunability of electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials is a key goal of current research in this field of materials science. Chemical modification of layered transition metal dichalcogenides leads to the creation of heterostructures of low-dimensional variants of these materials. In particular, the effect of oxygen-containing plasma treatment on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has long been thought to be detrimental to the electrical performance of the material. We show that the mobility and conductivity of MoS2 can be precisely controlled and improved by systematic exposure to oxygen/argon plasma and characterize the material using advanced spectroscopy and microscopy. Through complementary theoretical modeling, which confirms conductivity enhancement, we infer the role of a transient 2D substoichiometric phase of molybdenum trioxide (2D-MoO x ) in modulating the electronic behavior of the material. Deduction of the beneficial role of MoO x will serve to open the field to new approaches with regard to the tunability of 2D semiconductors by their low-dimensional oxides in nano-modified heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jadwiszczak
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colin O’Callaghan
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Daniel S. Fox
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Weitz
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Darragh Keane
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conor P. Cullen
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ian O’Reilly
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Clive Downing
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pierce Maguire
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J. Gough
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cormac McGuinness
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mauro S. Ferreira
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. Louise Bradley
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J. Boland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Georg S. Duesberg
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hongzhou Zhang
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Corresponding author.
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