1
|
Xu C, Zhou Y, Yi J, Li D, Shi L, Cheng L. Tri- and Tetra-superatomic Molecules in Ligand-Protected Face-Fused Icosahedral (M@Au 12) n (M = Au, Pt, Ir, and Os, and n = 3 and 4) Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1931-1939. [PMID: 35187932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster assembling has been one of the hottest topics in nanochemistry. In certain ligand-protected gold clusters, bi-icosahedral cores assembled from Au13 superatoms were found to be analogues of diatomic molecules F2, N2, and singlet O2, respectively, in electronic shells, depending upon the super valence bond (SVB) model. However, challenges still remain for extending the scale in cluster assembling via the SVB model. In this work, ligand-protected tri- and tetra-superatomic clusters composed of icosahedral M@Au12 (M = Au, Pt, Ir, and Os) units are theoretically predicted. These clusters are stable with reasonable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gaps and proven to be analogues of simple triatomic (Cl3-, OCl2, O3, and CO2) and tetra-atomic (N≡C-C≡N, and Cl-C≡C-Cl) molecules in both geometric and electronic structures. Moreover, a stable cluster-assembling gold nanowire is predicted following the same rules. This work provides effective electronic rules for cluster assembling on a larger scale and gives references for their experimental synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuqi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Si WD, Li YZ, Zhang SS, Wang S, Feng L, Gao ZY, Tung CH, Sun D. Toward Controlled Syntheses of Diphosphine-Protected Homochiral Gold Nanoclusters through Precursor Engineering. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16019-16029. [PMID: 34592104 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controllable syntheses of Au nanoclusters (NCs) with different nuclearities are of great significance due to the kernel-dependent physicochemical properties. Herein, two pairs of enantiomeric Au NCs [Au19(R/S-BINAP)4(PhC≡C)Cl4] (SD/Au19) and [Au11(R/S-BINAP)4(PhC≡C)2]·Cl (SD/Au11), both with atropos (rigid axial chirality) diphosphine BINAP (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthalene) as the predominant organic ligands, were controllably synthesized through precursor engineering. The former was obtained by direct reduction of HAuCl4·4H2O, while the latter was obtained by reduction of [Au(SMe2)Cl] instead. Intriguingly, the kernel of SD/Au19 contains an Au7 pentagonal bipyramid capped by two boat-like Au6 rings, which represents another type of Au19 kernel, making SD/Au19 a good candidate for comparative study with other Au19 NCs to get more insight into the distinct structural evolution of phosphine-protected Au NCs. Despite the previous chiroptical studies on some other chiral undecagold NCs, the successful attainment of the X-ray crystal structures for SD/Au11 not only provides a step forward toward better correlating the chiroptical activities with their structural details but also reveals that even the auxiliary protecting ligands also play a nontrivial role in tuning the geometrical structures of the metal NCs. The chiroptical activities of both SD/Au19 and SD/Au11 were found to originate from the chiral ligands and core distortions; the extended π-electron systems in the BINAP ligands have proved to positively contribute to the electronic absorptions and thus disturb the corresponding circular dichroism (CD) responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Zhou Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Ji'nan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Zhou M, Li Q, Gronlund H, Jin R. Isomerization-induced enhancement of luminescence in Au 28(SR) 20 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8176-8183. [PMID: 34123088 PMCID: PMC8163317 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origin and structural basis of the photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon in thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters is of paramount importance for both fundamental science and practical applications. It remains a major challenge to correlate the PL properties with the atomic-level structure due to the complex interplay of the metal core (i.e. the inner kernel) and the exterior shell (i.e. surface Au(i)-thiolate staple motifs). Decoupling these two intertwined structural factors is critical in order to understand the PL origin. Herein, we utilize two Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters with different –R groups, which possess the same core but different shell structures and thus provide an ideal system for the PL study. We discover that the Au28(CHT)20 (CHT: cyclohexanethiolate) nanocluster exhibits a more than 15-fold higher PL quantum yield than the Au28(TBBT)20 nanocluster (TBBT: p-tert-butylbenzenethiolate). Such an enhancement is found to originate from the different structural arrangement of the staple motifs in the shell, which modifies the electron relaxation dynamics in the inner core to different extents for the two nanoclusters. The emergence of a long PL lifetime component in the more emissive Au28(CHT)20 nanocluster reveals that its PL is enhanced by suppressing the nonradiative pathway. The presence of long, interlocked staple motifs is further identified as a key structural parameter that favors the luminescence. Overall, this work offers structural insights into the PL origin in Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters and provides some guidelines for designing luminescent metal nanoclusters for sensing and optoelectronic applications. Two Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters with an identical core but different shells exhibit a ∼15-fold difference in photoluminescence.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Harrison Gronlund
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Applying the Jellium model to octacarbonyl metal complexes. Commun Chem 2020; 3:39. [PMID: 36703452 PMCID: PMC9814474 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently reported octacarbonyl metal complexes M(CO)8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) feature interesting bonding structures. In these compounds, the bond order is 7, while accommodating 8 lone pairs of ligands in forming octa-coordinated complexes or ions. Here, by comparing [Ba(CO)8]2- and metal clusters of [BaBe8]2- analogically, we demonstrate that the Jellium model can not only be applied on metal clusters, but is also a useful tool to understand the electronic structures of [M(CO)8]q (M, q = Ca, 2-; Sc, 1-; Ti, 0; V, 1+; Cr, 2+; Ba, 2-). By applying the Jellium model, we find that a 20-e model with the configuration |1S2|1P6|1D10|1F2| is an appropriate description of the valence bonding structures of M(CO)8 species, where each coordinative bond contains 7/8ths of the bonding orbitals and 1/8th non-bonding orbitals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang JX, Wu Y, Deng H, Long C, Zhu C. Theoretical investigation on the electronic structure of one dimensional infinite monatomic gold wire: insights into conducting properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1373-1377. [PMID: 35518005 PMCID: PMC9059624 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed-valence metal–organic nanostructures show unusual electronic properties. In our pervious investigation, we have designed and predicted a unique one-dimensional infinite monatomic gold wire (1D-IMGW) with excellent conductivity and the interesting characteristic of mixed valency (Auc3+ and Au0i). For further exploring its conduction properties and stability in conducting state, here we select one electron as a probe to explore the electron transport channel and investigate its electronic structure in conducting state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the 1D-IMGW maintains its original structure in conducting state illustrating its excellent stability. Moreover, while adding an electron, 1D-IMGW is transformed from a semiconductor to a conductor with the energy band mixed with Auc (5d) and Aui (6s) through the Fermi level. Thus 1D-IMGW will conduct along its gold atom chain demonstrating good application prospect in nanodevices. The electron transport is along the energy band mixed with Auc (5d) and Aui (6s) through the Fermi level for [1D-IMGW]−.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Liang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China
| | - Yanxian Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China
| | - Hongfang Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China
| | - Changliang Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Q, Xu C, Wu X, Cheng L. Evidence for the Superatom-Superatom Bonding from Bond Energies. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14423-14430. [PMID: 31458128 PMCID: PMC6644579 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal clusters with specific number of valence electrons are described as superatoms. Super valence bond (SVB) model points out that superatoms could form the superatomic molecules through SVBs by sharing nucleus and electrons. The existence of superatom-superatom bonding was verified by the shape of their orbitals in former studies. In this paper, another important evidence-bond energy is studied as the criterion for the SVBs using the density functional theory method. In order to get the reliable values of bond energies, the series of Zn-Cu and Mg-Li superatomic molecules composed of two tetrahedral superatoms which do not share their nucleus are designed. Considering the number of the valence electrons in one tetrahedral superatomic unit, (Zn4)2/(Mg4)2, (Zn3Cu)2/(Mg3Li)2, (Zn2Cu2)2/(Mg2Li2)2, and (ZnCu3)2/(MgLi3)2 clusters are 8e-8e, 7e-7e, 6e-6e, and 5e-5e binary superatomic molecules with super nonbond, single bond, double bond, and triple bond, respectively, which are verified by chemical bonding analysis depending on the SVB model. Further calculations reveal that the bond energies increase and the bond lengths decrease along with the bond orders in Zn-Cu and Mg-Li systems which is in accordance with the classical nonbond, single bond, double bond, and triple bond in C-H systems. Thus, these values of bond energies confirm the existence of the SVBs. Moreover, electron localization function analysis is also carried on to describe the similarity between the superatomic bonds and atomic bonds in simple molecules directly. This study reveals the new evidence for the existence of the superatom-superatom bonding depending on the bond energies, which gives the new insight for the further investigation of the superatomic clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xia Wu
- AnHui
Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional
Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, PR China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic
of China
- AnHui
Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid
Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abbas G, Zhao S, Li Z, Yang J. Obtaining Intrinsically Occupied Free-Space Superatom States in an Encapsulated Ca 2N Nanotube. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11966-11971. [PMID: 31459280 PMCID: PMC6645564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By considering a group of atoms as a whole, the superatom state concept has been proposed to understand complex chemical systems. Superatom states distributed in free space are important in determining the interactions between superatoms and also the reactions of a superatom system with other external molecules. Unfortunately, all free-space superatom states reported to date are unoccupied states, which strongly limit their applications. In this study, we predict that both occupied and unoccupied free-space superatom states exist in an encapsulated Ca2N nanotube. In this composite system, the inner Ca2N nanotube provides anionic electrons in free space inside the tube, which form occupied s-, p-, and d-like superatom states. The outer carbon nanotube layer provides an effective protection for these free-space superatom states from the ambient environment. Such protected superatom states with flexible occupation statuses are expected to have a great potential in various application fields including catalysis and electronics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma M, Liu L, Zhu H, Lu J, Tan G. Structural evolution and properties of small-size thiol-protected gold nanoclusters. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1457804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengjiang Zhu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzhe Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Luminescence Materials and Micro structures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiping Tan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muñoz-Castro A, Saillard JY. [Au 12 (SR) 6 ] 2- , As Smaller 8-Electron Gold Nanocluster Retaining an SP 3 -Core. Evaluation of Bonding and Optical Properties from Relativistic DFT Calculations. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1846-1851. [PMID: 29697900 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the versatility of atomically precise clusters is a relevant issue in the design of functional nanostructures. Superatomic clusters offer an ideal framework to gain further understanding of the different distinctive size-dependent physical and chemical properties. Here, we propose [Au12 (SR)6 ]2- as a minimal 8-electron superatom related to the prototypical [Au25 (SR)18 ]- cluster, depicting half of its core-mass (2.3 kDa vs 5.0 kDa). The [Au12 (SMe)6 ]2- cluster fulfills a 1S2 1P6 electronic configuration, with a distorted tetrahedral Au8 core further viewed as an SP3 -hybridized superatom. The distinctive optical properties show a blue-shift for the first relevant 1P→1D transition, in comparison to [Au25 (SR)18 ]- . In addition, chiroptical activity is observed, denoting intrinsic core chirality. We expect that our results can shed light into the variation of the molecular properties according to the size-dependent properties, and serve as guidelines for further experimental exploration of minimal or ultrasmall nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akutsu M, Koyasu K, Atobe J, Miyajima K, Mitsui M, Tsunoyama H, Nakajima A. Geometric and electronic properties of Si-atom doped Al clusters: robustness of binary superatoms against charging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20401-20411. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemically stabilized binary superatoms are formed with Si-atom doping into Al superatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Junko Atobe
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Ken Miyajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|