1
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Wang S, Wicher B, Douat C, Maurizot V, Huc I. Domain Swapping in Abiotic Foldamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405091. [PMID: 38661252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Foldamer sequences that adopt tertiary helix-turn-helix folds mediated by helix-helix hydrogen bonding in organic solvents have been previously reported. In an attempt to create genuine abiotic quaternary structures, i.e. assemblies of tertiary structures, new sequences were prepared that possess additional hydrogen bond donors at positions that may promote an association between the tertiary folds. However, a solid state structure and extensive solution state investigations by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) show that, instead of forming a quaternary structure, the tertiary folds assemble into stable domain-swapped dimer motifs. Domain swapping entails a complete reorganization of the arrays of hydrogen bonds and changes in relative helix orientation and handedness that can all be rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Céline Douat
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Victor Maurizot
- CBMN (UMR 5248), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 2, Rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
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2
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Cristóbal-Lecina E, El-Maiss J, Figueras E, Singh AC, Krishnamoorthy S, Østerbye T, Pascual García C, Andreu D. Acid-Modulated Peptide Synthesis for Application on Oxide Biosensor Interfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3092. [PMID: 38132988 PMCID: PMC10746054 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report an acid-modulated strategy for novel peptide microarray production on biosensor interfaces. We initially selected a controlled pore glass (CPG) as a support for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to implement a chemistry that can be performed at the interface of multiple field effect transistor (FET) sensors, eventually to generate label-free peptide microarrays for protein screening. Our chemistry uses a temporary protection of the N-terminal amino function of each amino acid building block with a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group that can be removed after each SPPS cycle, in combination with semi-permanent protection of the side chains of trifunctional amino acid residues. Such a protection scheme with a well-proven record of application in conventional, batchwise SPPS has been fine-tuned for optimal performance on CPG and, from there, translated to SPR chips that allow layer-by-layer monitoring of amino acid coupling. Our results validate this acid-modulated synthesis as a feasible approach for producing peptides in high yields and purity on flat glass surfaces, such as those in bio-FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Cristóbal-Lecina
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Janwa El-Maiss
- MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4420 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (J.E.-M.); (A.C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aruna Chandra Singh
- MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4420 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (J.E.-M.); (A.C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy
- MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4420 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (J.E.-M.); (A.C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Thomas Østerbye
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København, Denmark;
| | - César Pascual García
- MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4420 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (J.E.-M.); (A.C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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3
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Luo J, Gao Y, Zhao R, Shi J, Li YM. Synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8863-8867. [PMID: 37888757 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A side-chain anchoring strategy has been developed as an effective method for the synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids. However, the application of this strategy to CCAs containing more than one disulfide bond is still hindered due to the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) lability of the anchored side-chain groups. Herein, we report a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy using newly developed molecules having photocleavable side-chain protecting groups that are stable against TFA cleavage to assist in the formation of disulfide bonds. The utility of this new strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of Riparin 1.1 and hCNP22 containing one disulfide bond and α-conotoxin Vc1.1 containing two disulfide bonds. This new strategy will provide new possibilities for the synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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4
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Prosser L, Talbott JM, Garrity RP, Raj M. C-Terminal Arginine-Selective Cleavage of Peptides as a Method for Mimicking Carboxypeptidase B. Org Lett 2023; 25:6206-6210. [PMID: 37585337 PMCID: PMC10463270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
C-Terminal residues play a pivotal role in dictating the structure and functions of proteins. Herein, we report a mild, efficient, chemoselective, and site-selective chemical method that allows for precise chemical proteolysis at C-terminal arginine dictated by 9,10-phenanthrenequinone independent of the remaining sequence. This biomimetic approach also exhibits the potential to synthesize C-terminal methyl ester (-CO2Me) peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rose P. Garrity
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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De Franceschi I, Mertens C, Badi N, Du Prez F. Uniform soluble support for the large-scale synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monodisperse soluble support is used as an effective tool for the large-scale, liquid-phase synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules. This uniform support allows for direct characterisation and leads to a single peak in mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Istrati D, Moroșan A, Stan R, Vasile BȘ, Vasilievici G, Oprea O, Dolete G, Purcăreanu B, Mihaiescu DE. Microwave-Assisted Sol-Gel Preparation of the Nanostructured Magnetic System for Solid-Phase Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123176. [PMID: 34947526 PMCID: PMC8709383 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new synthesis method for core–shell magnetite nanoparticles with a secondary silica shell, functionalized with a linker system (Fe3O4-PABA-SiO2-linker) using a microwave-assisted heating technique. The functionalized solid nanomaterial was used for the nanophase synthesis of peptides (Fmoc route) as a solid support. The co-precipitation method was selected to obtain magnetite nanoparticles and sol–gel technique for silica coating using a microwave-assisted (MW) procedure. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticle core offer the advantage of a quick and easy alternative for the magnetic separation of the product from the reaction mixture, facilitating all the intermediary washing and separation operations. The intermediate and final materials were analyzed by advanced characterization methods. The effectiveness of the nanophase peptide synthesis using this nanostructured material as solid support was demonstrated for a short peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Istrati
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Raluca Stan
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.I.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.E.M.); Tel.: +40-7400-95101 (R.S.); +40-7290-35718 (D.E.M.)
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (B.Ș.V.); (G.D.)
| | | | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Dolete
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (B.Ș.V.); (G.D.)
| | | | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry “Costin Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.I.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.E.M.); Tel.: +40-7400-95101 (R.S.); +40-7290-35718 (D.E.M.)
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7
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Lin Y, Malins LR. An Electrochemical Approach to Designer Peptide α-Amides Inspired by α-Amidating Monooxygenase Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11811-11819. [PMID: 34288681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Designer C-terminal peptide amides are accessed in an efficient and epimerization-free approach by pairing an electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation with a tandem hydrolysis/reduction pathway. Resembling Nature's dual enzymatic approach to bioactive primary α-amides, this method delivers secondary and tertiary amides bearing high-value functional motifs, including isotope labels and handles for bioconjugation. The protocol leverages the inherent reactivity of C-terminal carboxylates, is compatible with the vast majority of proteinogenic functional groups, and proceeds in the absence of epimerization, thus addressing major limitations associated with conventional coupling-based approaches. The utility of the method is exemplified through the synthesis of natural product acidiphilamide A via a key diastereoselective reduction, as well as bioactive peptides and associated analogues, including an anti-HIV lead peptide and blockbuster cancer therapeutic leuprolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Lin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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8
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On-resin multicomponent protocols for biopolymer assembly and derivatization. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:561-578. [PMID: 33473197 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis represents the methodological showcase for technological advances such as split-and-pool combinatorial chemistry and the automated synthesis of peptides, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. These strategies involve iterative coupling cycles that do not generate functional diversity besides that incorporated by the amino acids, nucleosides and monosaccharide building blocks. In sharp contrast, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are traditionally used to generate both skeletal and appendage diversity in short, batchwise procedures. On-resin MCRs have traditionally been employed for the construction of heterocycle and peptidomimetic libraries, but that scenario has changed recently, and today the focus is more on the solid-phase derivatization of peptides and oligonucleotides. This review presents relevant experimental details and addresses the synthetic scope of such on-resin multicomponent protocols employed to accomplish specific biopolymer covalent modifications that are practically inviable by traditional solution-phase methodologies. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the implementation of solid-supported protocols and avoid possible pitfalls associated with the selection of the polymeric resin, the solvent and the order and amount of the reagents employed. We describe procedures comprising the multicomponent lipidation, biotinylation and labeling of both termini and the side chains, as well as the use of MCRs in the traceless on-resin synthesis of ligated and cyclic peptides. Solid-phase protocols for the assembly of α-helical and parallel β-sheet peptides as well as hybrid peptide-peptoid and peptide-peptide nucleic acid architectures are described. Finally, the solid-supported multicomponent derivatization of DNA oligonucleotides is illustrated as part of the DNA-encoded library technology relying on MCR-derived heterocyclic compounds.
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9
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Fischer NH, Nielsen DS, Palmer D, Meldal M, Diness F. C-Terminal lactamization of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:895-898. [PMID: 33367306 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of peptides (SPPS) with release through formation of C-terminal γ-, δ-, or ε-lactams is presented. The natural products ciliatamide A and C were synthesized in up to 90% yield. Peptides carrying C-terminal lactams were shown to possess increased bio-stability and comparable biological activity as compared to the parent non-lactamized peptide amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas H Fischer
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Daniel S Nielsen
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Morten Meldal
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Diness
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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10
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Winkler DFH. Automated Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2103:59-94. [PMID: 31879919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of solid-phase peptide synthesis by Bruce Merrifield paved the way for a synthesis carried out by machines. Automated peptide synthesis is a fast and convenient way of synthesizing many peptides simultaneously. This chapter tries to give a general guidance for the development of synthesis protocols for the peptide synthesizer. It also provides some suggestions for the modification of the synthesized peptides. Additionally, many examples of possible challenges during and after the synthesis are given in order to support the reader in finding the best synthesis strategy. Numerous references are given to many of the described matters.
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11
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Wang Y, Oliveira MT, Madsen D, Thompson A, Meldal M, Diness F. Dihydroquinazolinones via A 3 -Type Reactions of N-Carbamoyliminium Ions. Chemistry 2020; 26:15825-15829. [PMID: 32790088 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A variant of the A3 coupling reaction was developed utilizing in situ generated N-carbamoyliminium ions. The tandem INCIC/A3 -coupling sequence provided a facile one-pot synthesis of dihydroquinazolinone derivatives. The scope of the reaction was demonstrated in solution as well as on solid support. The reaction was further combined with peptide synthesis, SN Ar reactions, CuAAC triazole formation or bromination, providing additional opportunities for further diversification of the dihydroquinazolinone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Teresa Oliveira
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Madsen
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrej Thompson
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meldal
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Arbour CA, Mendoza LG, Stockdill JL. Recent advances in the synthesis of C-terminally modified peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7253-7272. [PMID: 32914156 PMCID: PMC9508648 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
C-Terminally modified peptides are important for the development and delivery of peptide-based pharmaceuticals because they impact peptide activity, stability, hydrophobicity, and membrane permeability. Additionally, the vulnerability of C-terminal esters to cleavage by endogenous esterases makes them excellent pro-drugs. Methods for post-SPPS C-terminal functionalization potentially enable access to libraries of modified peptides, facilitating tailoring of their solubility, potency, toxicity, and uptake pathway. Apparently minor structural changes can significantly impact the binding, folding, and pharmacokinetics of the peptide. This review summarizes developments in chemical methods for C-terminal modification of peptides published since the last review on this topic in 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Lawrence G Mendoza
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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13
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Bottom-Up Design Approach for OBOC Peptide Libraries. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153316. [PMID: 32707811 PMCID: PMC7435479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One-bead-one-compound peptide libraries, developed following the top-down experimental approach, have attracted great interest in the identification of potential ligands or active peptides. By exploiting a reverse experimental design approach based on the bottom-up strategy, we aimed to develop simplified, maximally diverse peptide libraries that resulted in the successful characterization of mixture components. We show that libraries of 32 and 48 components can be successfully detected in a single run using chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The proposed libraries were further theoretically evaluated in terms of their composition and physico-chemical properties. By combining the knowledge obtained on single libraries we can cover larger sequence spaces and provide a controlled exploration of the peptide chemical space both theoretically and experimentally. Designing libraries by using the bottom-up approach opens up the possibility of rationally fine-tuning the library complexity based on the available analytical methods.
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14
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Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)-related studies require an adequate supply of purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ peptides are “difficult sequences” to synthesize chemically, and low yields are common due to aggregation during purification. Here, we demonstrate an easier synthesis, deprotection, reduction, cleavage, and purification process for Aβ(1-40) using standard 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acids and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) resin [HMBA (4-hydroxymethyl benzamide) resin] that provides higher yields of Aβ(1-40) than previous standard protocols. Furthermore, purification requires a similar amount of time as conventional purification processes, although the peptide must be cleaved from the resin immediately prior to purification. The method described herein is not limited to the production of Aβ(1-40), and can be used to synthesize other easily-oxidized and aggregating sequences. Our proposed methodology will contribute to various fields using “difficult sequence” peptides, such as pharmaceutical and materials science, as well as research for the diagnosis and treatment of protein/peptide misfolding diseases.
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15
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Hickey JL, Lin S. One‐pot peptide cleavage and macrocyclization through direct amidation using triazabicyclodecene. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Hickey
- Chemistry Capabilities for Accelerating TherapeuticsDiscovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey USA
| | - Songnian Lin
- Chemistry Capabilities for Accelerating TherapeuticsDiscovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey USA
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16
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Zuo C, Yan BJ, Zhu HY, Shi WW, Xi TK, Shi J, Fang GM. Robust synthesis of C-terminal cysteine-containing peptide acids through a peptide hydrazide-based strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:5698-5702. [PMID: 31135013 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new robust strategy was reported for the epimerization-free synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through mercaptoethanol-mediated hydrolysis of peptide thioesters prepared in situ from peptide hydrazides. This simple-to-operate and highly efficient method avoids the use of derivatization reagents for resin modification, thus providing a practical avenue for the preparation of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- School of Life Science, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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17
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Abstract
An on-resin, three-component Passerini reaction was developed to synthesize C-terminal photocaged peptides. Highly compatible with conventional Fmoc SPPS, this reaction produces peptides with a C-terminal o-amido-6-nitroveratryl (αANV) ester in one pot with conserved chirality. Under physiological conditions, the C-terminal αANV ester rapidly photolyzed to revert to carboxylate, offering a convenient method for optical control of cellular signals by modulating the C-terminal carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ho So
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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18
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Wang G, Chen T, Peng T, Zhang S, Wang J, Wen X, Yang X, Wang L. A Strategy To Prepare Peptide Heterodimers in the Solid Phase with an Acid-Labile Linker. Org Lett 2019; 21:7351-7355. [PMID: 31478674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The currently synthetic methods of peptide heterodimer involve tedious synthesis and purification steps. An acid-labile traceless linker was prepared, which is highly compatible with the Fmoc strategy and could be used to prepare peptide heterodimer on resin. The linker could be cleaved concomitantly with peptide cleavage, and two model heterodimers were synthesized. The proposed synthesis procedure is simple, straightforward, and provides great convenience for preparing disulfide-linked peptide heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wen
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Beijing institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
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Daubit IM, Metzler-Nolte N. On the interaction of N-heterocyclic carbene Ir+I complexes with His and Cys containing peptides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13662-13673. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the interaction of an [Ir(+i)(COD)(NHC)Cl] complex with model peptides a chelating motif with a particularly interesting bimetallic peptide-bridged Ir(+iii)–NHC motif was identified with loss of the COD and Cl ligands and oxidation of the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marie Daubit
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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20
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Arbour CA, Belavek KJ, Tariq R, Mukherjee S, Tom JK, Isidro-Llobet A, Kopach ME, Stockdill JL. Bringing Macrolactamization Full Circle: Self-Cleaving Head-to-Tail Macrocyclization of Unprotected Peptides via Mild N-Acyl Urea Activation. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1035-1041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Arbour
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kayla J. Belavek
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Rooha Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Subha Mukherjee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chemical and Synthetic Development, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Janine K. Tom
- Amgen, Inc., Pivotal Drug Substance Process Development, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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21
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Arbour CA, Kondasinghe TD, Saraha HY, Vorlicek TL, Stockdill JL. Epimerization-free access to C-terminal cysteine peptide acids, carboxamides, secondary amides, and esters via complimentary strategies. Chem Sci 2017; 9:350-355. [PMID: 29629104 PMCID: PMC5868297 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a convenient method for the diversification of peptides bearing cysteine at the C-terminus that proceeds to form a variety of carboxylic acid, carboxamide, 2° amide, and ester terminated peptides without any detectable epimerization of the α-stereocenter.
C-Terminal cysteine peptide acids are difficult to access without epimerization of the cysteine α-stereocenter. Diversification of the C-terminus after solid-phase peptide synthesis poses an even greater challenge because of the proclivity of the cysteine α-stereocenter to undergo deprotonation upon activation of the C-terminal carboxylic acid. We present herein two general strategies to access C-terminal cysteine peptide derivatives without detectable epimerization, diketopiperazine formation, or piperidinylalanine side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
| | | | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
| | - Teanna L Vorlicek
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
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22
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Arbour CA, Saraha HY, McMillan TF, Stockdill JL. Exploiting the MeDbz Linker To Generate Protected or Unprotected C-Terminally Modified Peptides. Chemistry 2017; 23:12484-12488. [PMID: 28741313 PMCID: PMC5674808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C-terminally modified peptides are important targets for pharmaceutical and biochemical applications. Known methods for C-terminal diversification are limited mainly in terms of the scope of accessible modifications or by epimerization of the C-terminal amino acid. In this work, we present a broadly applicable approach that enables access to a variety of C-terminally functionalized peptides in either protected or unprotected form. This chemistry proceeds without epimerization of C-terminal Ala and tolerates nucleophiles of varying nucleophilicity. Finally, unprotected peptides bearing nucleophilic side chain groups can be selectively functionalized by strong nucleophiles, whereas macrocyclization is observed for weaker nucleophiles. The potential utility of this method is demonstrated through the divergent synthesis of the conotoxin conopressin G and GLP-1(7-36) and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Timothy F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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23
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Elashal HE, Cohen RD, Raj M. Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal modified peptides by formation of a backbone cyclic urethane moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9699-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A universal strategy for solid phase synthesis of various C-terminal modified peptides independent of type of resins, unnatural linkers, and handles is developed. Semi-permanent protection at the C-termini of peptides is also afforded by the method described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry
- Seton Hall University
- South Orange
- USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry
- Seton Hall University
- South Orange
- USA
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