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Mansour OC, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Phillips DR, Cutts SM, Evison BJ. An evaluation of the interaction of pixantrone with formaldehyde-releasing drugs in cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:773-784. [PMID: 35460360 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pixantrone is a synthetic aza-anthracenedione currently used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The drug is firmly established as a poison of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase II, however, pixantrone can also generate covalent drug-DNA adducts following activation by formaldehyde. While pixantrone-DNA adducts form proficiently in vitro, little evidence is presently at hand to indicate their existence within cells. The molecular nature of these lesions within cancer cells exposed to pixantrone and formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs was characterized along with the cellular responses to their formation. METHODS In vitro crosslinking assays, [14C] scintillation counting analyses and alkaline comet assays were applied to characterize pixantrone-DNA adducts. Flow cytometry, cell growth inhibition and clonogenic assays were used to measure cancer cell kill and survival. RESULTS Pixantrone-DNA adducts were not detectable in MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to [14C] pixantrone (10-40 µM) alone, however the addition of the formaldehyde-releasing prodrug AN9 yielded readily measurable levels of the lesion at ~ 1 adduct per 10 kb of genomic DNA. Co-administration with AN9 completely reversed topoisomerase II-associated DNA damage induction by pixantrone yet potentiated cell kill by the drug, suggesting that pixantrone-DNA adducts may promote a topoisomerase II-independent mechanism of cell death. Pixantrone-DNA adduct-forming treatments generally conferred mild synergism in multiple cell lines in various cell death and clonogenic assays, while pixantrone analogues either incapable or relatively defective in forming DNA adducts demonstrated antagonism when combined with AN9. CONCLUSIONS The features unique to pixantrone-DNA adducts may be leveraged to enhance cancer cell kill and may be used to guide the design of pixantrone analogues that generate adducts with more favorable anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula C Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ada Rephaeli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, 49100, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
- Nyrada Inc, Suite 2, Level 3, 828 Pacific Highway, Gordon, NSW, 2072, Australia.
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Pumuye PP, Evison BJ, Konda SK, Collins JG, Kelso C, Medan J, Sleebs BE, Watson K, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Formaldehyde-activated WEHI-150 induces DNA interstrand crosslinks with unique structural features. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115260. [PMID: 31870833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is an anticancer anthracenedione that can be activated by formaldehyde to generate covalent drug-DNA adducts. Despite their covalent nature, these DNA lesions are relatively labile. It was recently established that analogues of mitoxantrone featuring extended side-chains terminating in primary amino groups typically yielded high levels of stable DNA adducts following their activation by formaldehyde. In this study we describe the DNA sequence-specific binding properties of the mitoxantrone analogue WEHI-150 which is the first anthracenedione to form apparent DNA crosslinks mediated by formaldehyde. The utility of this compound lies in the versatility of the covalent binding modes displayed. Unlike other anthracenediones described to date, WEHI-150 can mediate covalent adducts that are independent of interactions with the N-2 of guanine and is capable of adduct formation at novel DNA sequences. Moreover, these covalent adducts incorporate more than one formaldehyde-mediated bond with DNA, thus facilitating the formation of highly lethal DNA crosslinks. The versatility of binding observed is anticipated to allow the next generation of anthracenediones to interact with a broader spectrum of nucleic acid species than previously demonstrated by the parent compounds, thus allowing for more diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Pumuye
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Benny J Evison
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shyam K Konda
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2610, Australia
| | - J Grant Collins
- School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2610, Australia
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jelena Medan
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Lima CHM, Caquito JM, de Oliveira RM, Rocha MS. Pixantrone anticancer drug as a DNA ligand: Depicting the mechanism of action at single molecule level. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:130. [PMID: 31583481 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work we use single molecule force spectroscopy performed with optical tweezers in order to characterize the complexes formed between the anticancer drug Pixantrone (PIX) and the DNA molecule, at two very different ionic strengths. Firstly, the changes of the mechanical properties of the DNA-PIX complexes were studied as a function of the drug concentration in the sample. Then, a quenched-disorder statistical model of ligand binding was used in order to determine the physicochemical (binding) parameters of the DNA-PIX interaction. In particular, we have found that the PIX molecular mechanism of action involves intercalation into the double helix, followed by a significant compaction of the DNA molecule due to partial neutralization of the phosphate backbone. Finally, this scenario of interaction was quantitatively compared to that found for the related drug Mitoxantrone (MTX), which binds to DNA with a considerably higher equilibrium binding constant and promotes a much stronger DNA compaction. The comparison performed between the two drugs can bring clues to the development of new (and more efficient) related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H M Lima
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J M Caquito
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M S Rocha
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Konda SK, Kelso C, Medan J, Sleebs BE, Phillips DR, Cutts SM, Collins JG. Isolation and structural analysis of the covalent adduct formed between a bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue and DNA: a pathway to major-minor groove cross-linked adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10217-10221. [PMID: 27735959 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The major covalent adduct formed between a 13C-labelled formaldehyde activated bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue (WEHI-150) and the hexanucleotide d(CG5MeCGCG)2 has been isolated by HPLC chromatography and the structure determined by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that WEHI-150 forms one covalent bond through a primary amine to the N-2 of the G2 residue, with the polycyclic ring structure intercalated at the 5MeC3pG4/G10p5MeC9 site. Furthermore, the WEHI-150 aromatic ring system is oriented approximately parallel to the long axis of the base pairs, with one aliphatic side-chain in the major groove and the other side-chain in the minor groove. This study indicates that mitoxantrone derivatives like WEHI-150 should be capable of forming major-minor groove cross-linked adducts that will likely produce considerably different intracellular biological properties compared to known anthracycline and anthracenedione anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Konda
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, ACT, 2600 Australia.
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jelena Medan
- Chemical Biology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052 Australia and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- Chemical Biology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052 Australia and Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - J Grant Collins
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, ACT, 2600 Australia.
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