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Geng J, Wei X, He B, Hao Y, Qu J, Wang B. Desymmetrization of Prochiral N-Pyrazolyl Maleimides via Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition with Pyrazolones: Construction of Tri- N-Heterocyclic Scaffolds Bearing Both Central and Axial Chirality. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114279. [PMID: 37298754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The desymmetrization of N-pyrazolyl maleimides was realized through an asymmetric Michael addition by using pyrazolones under mild conditions, leading to the formation of a tri-N-heterocyclic pyrazole-succinimide-pyrazolone assembly in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, up to 99% ee). The use of a quinine-derived thiourea catalyst was essential for achieving stereocontrol of the vicinal quaternary-tertiary stereocenters together with the C-N chiral axis. Salient features of this protocol included a broad substrate scope, atom economy, mild conditions and simple operation. Moreover, a gram-scale experiment and derivatization of the product further illustrated the practicability and potential application value of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xingfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Biru He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuting Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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2
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Zhu DX, Xu MH. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36724384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly regiospecific vinylogous carbene insertion protocol for direct asymmetric C-H functionalization of indoles with arylvinyldiazoacetates has been developed. Under the catalysis of simple Rh(I)/chiral diene complexes, the reaction occurs solely at the vinylogous position of the vinylcarbenoid with exceptional E selectivity and enantiocontrol. It provides an efficient way to obtain an interesting class of chiral indole scaffolds bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester unit and a gem-diaryl carbon stereocenter in good yields (≤99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (≤96%) at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Wang T, Chen X, Zhu D, Chung LW, Xu M. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C−H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Xuan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dong‐Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming‐Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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4
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Xu MH, Wang TY, Chen XX, Zhu DX, Chung LW. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C‐H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Xu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry No. 1088, Xueyuan Road 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Tian-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dong-Xing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
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5
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Balhara R, Jindal G. Does an Enol Pathway Preclude High Stereoselectivity in Iron-Catalyzed Indole C-H Functionalization via Carbene Insertion? J Org Chem 2022; 87:7919-7933. [PMID: 35652604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-H functionalization of indoles via Fe carbenoids presents an attractive strategy to obtain biologically important structural motifs. However, obtaining good stereoselectivity with Fe has been a significant challenge. It is unclear whether the low selectivity is due to a radical pathway or an ionic mechanism involving metal-free species. We therefore present a density functional theory (DFT) study of indole alkylation with diazoacetates catalyzed by Fe(ClO4)TMEDA/spirobisoxazoline and myoglobin. We explore three mechanistic pathways: nucleophilic, radical, and oxocarbenium routes. The nucleophilic pathway is the most feasible with the formation of an enol species that tautomerizes to furnish the alkylated indole. While this mechanism is routinely proposed, the stereochemical model has been conspicuously absent until now. We show that the conventionally invoked enol pathway is not responsible for the low enantiomeric excess. The enol intermediate can stay coordinated to the catalyst via different binding sites placing the enol in proximity to the chiral environment and affecting the stereoselective proton transfer. Both the binding strength and the chiral environment are crucial for obtaining high selectivity. Our study provides the much needed insights for the modest-low selectivities of Fe systems and could help in expediting the discovery of an efficient catalytic system. These mechanistic underpinnings could also be applicable to other metal (Rh, Pd, Cu, etc.)-catalyzed X-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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6
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He Y, Huang Z, Wu K, Ma J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2759-2852. [PMID: 35297455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization has been emerging as a powerful method to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Many efforts have been devoted to transition-metal-catalyzed direct transformations of C-H bonds. Metal carbenes generated in situ from transition-metal compounds and diazo or its equivalents are usually applied as the transient reactive intermediates to furnish a catalytic cycle for new C-C and C-X bond formation. Using this strategy compounds from unactivated simple alkanes to complex molecules can be further functionalized or transformed to multi-functionalized compounds. In this area, transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds has been paid continuous attention. Diverse catalyst design strategies, synthetic methods, and potential applications have been developed. This critical review will summarize the advance in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds dated up to July 2021, by the categories of C-H bonds from aliphatic C(sp3)-H, aryl (aromatic) C(sp2)-H, heteroaryl (heteroaromatic) C(sp2)-H bonds, alkenyl C(sp2)-H, and alkynyl C(sp)-H, as well as asymmetric carbene insertion to C-H bonds, and more coverage will be given to the recent work. Due to the rapid development of the C-H functionalization area, future directions in this topic are also discussed. This review will give the authors an overview of carbene insertion chemistry in C-H functionalization with focus on the catalytic systems and synthetic applications in C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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7
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Leveille AN, Echemendía R, Mattson AE, Burtoloso ACB. Enantioselective Indole Insertion Reactions of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2021; 23:9446-9450. [PMID: 34854689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first example of organocatalytic enantioselective C-H insertion reactions of indoles and sulfoxonium ylides is reported. Under the influence of phosphoric acid catalysis, levels of enantiocontrol in the range of 20-93% ee and moderate yields (up to 50%) were achieved for 29 examples in formal C-H insertion reactions of free indoles and α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. No nitrogen protection on the indole is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N Leveille
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Radell Echemendía
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anita E Mattson
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Construction of C−C Axial Chirality via Asymmetric Carbene Insertion into Arene C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Li Z, Chen Y, Wang C, Xu G, Shao Y, Zhang X, Tang S, Sun J. Construction of C-C Axial Chirality via Asymmetric Carbene Insertion into Arene C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25714-25718. [PMID: 34597448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
By using diazonaphthoquinones and anilines as key reagents and through a point-to-axis chiral transfer strategy, the atroposelective synthesis via asymmetric C(sp2 )-H bond insertion reaction of arenes has been realized under rhodium catalysis, providing the resulting biaryl atropisomers in moderate to excellent yields with good enantiomeric ratios (up to 99:1). Further elaboration indicates this type of axially biaryl scaffold may have promising potentials in developing novel chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogeomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shengbiao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, 213164, Changzhou, China
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10
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Bhat A, Tucker N, Lin JB, Grover H. Stereoselective copper-catalyzed heteroarene C-H functionalization/Michael-type annulation cascade with α-diazocarbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10556-10559. [PMID: 34557880 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective, copper-catalyzed, arene C(sp2)-H functionalization/Michael-type annulation reaction involving α-diazocarbonyl compounds has been developed. The method features low catalyst loadings, high yields, and excellent regio and stereoselectivity, in the synthesis of various heteroaromatic frameworks by employing indoles as the arene partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Nathan Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- C-CART, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Huck Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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11
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Wang L, Perveen S, Ouyang Y, Zhang S, Jiao J, He G, Nie Y, Li P. Well-Defined, Versatile and Recyclable Half-Sandwich Nickelacarborane Catalyst for Selective Carbene-Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:5754-5760. [PMID: 33458881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic carbene-transfer reactions constitute a class of highly useful transformations in organic synthesis. Although catalysts based on a range of transition-metals have been reported, the readily accessible nickel(II)-based complexes have been rarely used. Herein, an air-stable nickel(II)-carborane complex is reported as a well-defined, versatile and recyclable catalyst for selective carbene transfer reactions with low catalyst loading under mild conditions. This catalyst is effective for several types of reactions including diastereoselective cyclopropanation, epoxidation, selective X-H insertions (X = C, N, O, S, Si), particularly for the unprotected substrates. This represents a rare example of carborane ligands in base metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Saima Perveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yong Nie
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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12
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Zhu DX, Xia H, Liu JG, Chung LW, Xu MH. Regiospecific and Enantioselective Arylvinylcarbene Insertion of a C–H Bond of Aniline Derivatives Enabled by a Rh(I)-Diene Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2608-2619. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-chongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-chongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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14
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Li N, Zhu WJ, Huang JJ, Hao XQ, Gong JF, Song MP. Chiral NCN Pincer Iridium(III) Complexes with Bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Enantioselective C–H Functionalization of Indoles with α-Aryl-α-diazoacetates. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Bhat AH, Alavi S, Grover HK. Tandem Carbenoid C-H Functionalization/Conia-ene Cyclization of N-Propargyl Indoles Generates Pyrroloindoles under Cooperative Rh(II)/Zn(II) Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:224-229. [PMID: 31854993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of diazodicarbonyl compounds in the presence of various metal catalysts has become a reliable method for the functionalization of indoles via carbenoid intermediates. Exploiting the nucleophilic reactivity of the in situ generated malonic ester product formed, we herein report a tandem C-H functionalization/Conia-ene cyclization of N-alkyne tethered indoles. This double functionalization of diazodicarbonyls generates a range of pyrrolo[1,2-a]-, pyrido[1,2-a]-, and azepino[1,2-a]indole products with good synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid H Bhat
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
| | - Sima Alavi
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
| | - Huck K Grover
- Department of Chemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , Newfoundland A1B 3X7 , Canada
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16
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Kamboj P, Dutt S, Chakroborty S, Tyagi V. CuI-catalyzed highly regioselective C H functionalization of indoles using indole-3-tosylhydrazones as carbene precursor: An efficient synthesis of 3,3-bis(indolyl)methane derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Perez-Rizquez C, Rodriguez-Otero A, Palomo JM. Combining enzymes and organometallic complexes: novel artificial metalloenzymes and hybrid systems for C-H activation chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7114-7123. [PMID: 31294731 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the design of novel artificial metalloenzymes and their application in C-H activation reactions. The combination of enzymes and metal or organometallic complexes for the creation of new artificial metalloenzymes has represented a very exciting research line. In particular, the development of proteins with the ability to perform C-H functionalization presents a significant challenge. Here we discuss the development of these processes on natural metalloenzymes by using directed evolution, biotin-(strept)avidin technologies, photocatalytic hybrids or reconstitution of heme-protein technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Perez-Rizquez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Otero
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose M Palomo
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Brandenberg OF, Chen K, Arnold FH. Directed Evolution of a Cytochrome P450 Carbene Transferase for Selective Functionalization of Cyclic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8989-8995. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F. Brandenberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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19
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Kahar NM, Nabar KU, Jadhav PP, Dawande SG. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective C3 Functionalization of Indolizines with N
-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasturi Uday Nabar
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai; 400019 Maharashtra India
| | - Pankaj Pandit Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai; 400019 Maharashtra India
| | - Sudam Ganpat Dawande
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai; 400019 Maharashtra India
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20
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Sakthivel S, Balamurugan R. Annulation of a Highly Functionalized Diazo Building Block with Indoles under Sc(OTf)3/Rh2(OAc)4 Multicatalysis through Michael Addition/Cyclization Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12171-12183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Sakthivel
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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21
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Vargas DA, Tinoco A, Tyagi V, Fasan R. Myoglobin-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9911-9915. [PMID: 29905974 PMCID: PMC6376986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized indoles are recurrent motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. While transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer has provided an attractive route to afford C3-functionalized indoles, these protocols are viable only in the presence of N-protected indoles, owing to competition from the more facile N-H insertion reaction. Herein, a biocatalytic strategy for enabling the direct C-H functionalization of unprotected indoles is reported. Engineered variants of myoglobin provide efficient biocatalysts for this reaction, which has no precedents in the biological world, enabling the transformation of a broad range of indoles in the presence of ethyl α-diazoacetate to give the corresponding C3-functionalized derivatives in high conversion yields and excellent chemoselectivity. This strategy could be exploited to develop a concise chemoenzymatic route to afford the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Current address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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22
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Vargas DA, Tinoco A, Tyagi V, Fasan R. Myoglobin‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Vargas
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
- Current address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab India
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
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23
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Li YP, Li ZQ, Zhu SF. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions of diazo compounds with electron-rich (hetero-) arenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Guo X, Han Q, Tang Z, Su L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Lin S, Huang Q. Rhodium-catalyzed NH-indole-directed ortho C H coupling of 2-arylindoles with diazo compounds via metal carbene migratory insertion. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Biswas A, Samanta R. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct C4-Alkylation and C2-Annulation of Indoles: Straightforward Access to Indolopyridone. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
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26
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Wang S, Liu M, Chen X, Wang H, Zhai H. Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative propargylation/hydroamination reactions: access to C3 β-ketoester-functionalized indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8375-8378. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed reaction of ethynyl benzoxazinanones with readily accessible β-ketoesters via a decarboxylative propargylation/hydroamination sequence has been developed. This protocol furnished a diverse range of C3 β-ketoester-functionalized indoles in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Miao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xinzheng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Huifei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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28
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Zhou QQ, Lu FD, Liu D, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Dual photoredox and nickel-catalyzed desymmetric C–O coupling reactions: visible light-mediated enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-benzodioxanes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chiral 2,2′-bipyridine ligands are key to success in an enantioselective desymmetric C–O cross coupling reaction via dual visible light photoredox and nickel catalysis, resulting in chiral 1,4-benzodioxanes under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Quan Zhou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
| | - Fu-Dong Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
| | - Dan Liu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
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29
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Shen HQ, Liu C, Zhou J, Zhou YG. Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization of pyrroles using an axially chiral 2,2′-bipyridine ligand. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization of pyrroles with diazoacetates has been developed with up to 90% of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
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30
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Chen JB, Jia YX. Recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective indole functionalizations. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3550-3567. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress on the transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization reaction of indoles is reviewed, which is mainly focused on asymmetric indole alkylations, arylations, cycloaddition reactions, and other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Biao Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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