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Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Matulevičiūtė G, Arbačiauskienė E, Kleizienė N, Kederienė V, Ragaitė G, Dagilienė M, Bieliauskas A, Milišiūnaitė V, Sløk FA, Šačkus A. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Methyl (3)5-( N-Boc-piperidinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133808. [PMID: 34206593 PMCID: PMC8270337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Series of methyl 3- and 5-(N-Boc-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates were developed and regioselectively synthesized as novel heterocyclic amino acids in their N-Boc protected ester form for achiral and chiral building blocks. In the first stage of the synthesis, piperidine-4-carboxylic and (R)- and (S)-piperidine-3-carboxylic acids were converted to the corresponding β-keto esters, which were then treated with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. The subsequent reaction of β-enamine diketones with various N-mono-substituted hydrazines afforded the target 5-(N-Boc-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates as major products, and tautomeric NH-pyrazoles prepared from hydrazine hydrate were further N-alkylated with alkyl halides to give 3-(N-Boc-piperidinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylates. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-, 13C-, and 15N-NMR spectroscopy and HRMS investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Matulevičiūtė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.Š.); Tel.: +370-37-451-401 (A.Š.)
| | - Neringa Kleizienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vilija Kederienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Greta Ragaitė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Miglė Dagilienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vaida Milišiūnaitė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Frank A. Sløk
- Vipergen ApS, Gammel Kongevej 23A, V DK-1610 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.M.); (N.K.); (G.R.); (M.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.Š.); Tel.: +370-37-451-401 (A.Š.)
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Huang F, Hu H, Wang K, Peng C, Xu W, Zhang Y, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhou H, Huang R, Li M, Shen J, Xu Y. Identification of Highly Selective Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) Inhibitors by a Covalent Fragment-Based Approach. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7052-7065. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fubao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hangchen Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengyuan Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yishen Liu
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Záborský O, Petrovičová Ľ, Doháňošová J, Moncol J, Fischer R. Simple and efficient synthesis of bicyclic enol-carbamates: access to brabantamides and their analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6790-6793. [PMID: 35493865 PMCID: PMC9049743 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and short synthesis of bicyclic enol-carbamates with high E/Z selectivity and the synthesis of brabantamide A analogue are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Záborský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Catalysis and Petrochemistry
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudmila Petrovičová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Catalysis and Petrochemistry
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Doháňošová
- Central Laboratories
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Moncol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Catalysis and Petrochemistry
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
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Yanev P, Angelov P. Synthesis of functionalised β-keto amides by aminoacylation/domino fragmentation of β-enamino amides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2602-2606. [PMID: 30410622 PMCID: PMC6204755 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylenediamine-derived β-enamino amides are used as equivalents of amide enolate synthons in C-acylation reactions with N-protected amino acids. Domino fragmentation of the obtained intermediates leads to functionalised β-keto amides, bearing a protected amino group in their side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yanev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Angelov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Malinauskienė V, Kveselytė A, Dzedulionytė K, Bieliauskas A, Burinskas S, Sløk FA, Šačkus A. L-Proline and related chiral heterocyclic amino acids as scaffolds for the synthesis of functionalized 2-amino-1,3-selenazole-5-carboxylates. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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