1
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Desai SP, Yatzoglou G, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective N-Glycosylations of Purines and Other Azole Heterocycles: Access to Nucleoside Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4973-4984. [PMID: 38330907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid catalyst, azole-type heterocycles, including purines, tetrazoles, triazoles, indazoles, and benzo-fused congeners, undergo regio- and stereoselective N-glycosylations with furanosyl and pyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. The protocol, which does not require stoichiometric activators, specialized leaving groups, or drying agents, provides access to nucleoside analogues and enables late-stage N-glycosylation of azole-containing pharmaceutical agents. A mechanism involving simultaneous activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor by the organoboron catalyst has been proposed, supported by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Giorgos Yatzoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Imperio D, Brentazzoli M, Valloni F, Minassi A, Panza L. Iodine-triphenylphosphine triggers an easy one-pot alpha stereoselective dehydrative glycosylation on hemiacetalic benzylated glycosyl donors. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108944. [PMID: 37729855 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new glycosylation reactions is still a major challenge in carbohydrate chemistry. Traditional glycosylation reactions require the preparation of sugar donors with anomeric active or latent leaving groups. Dehydrative glycosylation is a fascinating alternative that enables the direct formation of the glycosidic bond from the hemiacetal, eliminating the need for (sometimes unstable) leaving groups, and allowing to reduce reaction, work-up, and purification times. Although some interesting methods of dehydrative glycosylation have been reported, in order to compete with conventional chemical glycosylation, a greater number of efficient and stereoselective methods need to be developed. Herein, a dehydrative procedure that uses a combination of iodine, triphenylphosphine, and a base (DMAP or imidazole) is described. This methodology allows for the preparation of sugar derivatives from commercially available 1-hydroxy glycosyl donors. The reaction takes place under mild conditions through the in situ-formation of an anomeric iodide intermediate, which, upon reaction with an alcohol, gives the corresponding glycosides up to quantitative yields and with high α-stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Imperio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Brentazzoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Valloni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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3
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Yamashita K, Hirokawa R, Ichikawa M, Hisanaga T, Nagao Y, Takita R, Watanabe K, Kawato Y, Hamashima Y. Mechanistic Details of Asymmetric Bromocyclization with BINAP Monoxide: Identification of Chiral Proton-Bridged Bisphosphine Oxide Complex and Its Application to Parallel Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3913-3924. [PMID: 35226811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of our previously reported catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization reactions using 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) monoxide was examined in detail by the means of control experiments, NMR studies, X-ray structure analysis, and CryoSpray electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. The chiral BINAP monoxide was transformed to a key catalyst precursor, proton-bridged bisphosphine oxide complex (POHOP·Br), in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and contaminating water. The thus-formed POHOP further reacts with NBS to afford BINAP dioxide and molecular bromine (Br2) simultaneously in equimolar amounts. While the resulting Br2 is activated by NBS to form a more reactive brominating reagent (Br2─NBS), BINAP dioxide serves as a bifunctional catalyst, acting as both a Lewis base that reacts with Br2─NBS to form a chiral brominating agent (P═O+─Br) and also as a Brønsted base for the activation of the substrate. By taking advantage of this novel concerted Lewis/Brønsted base catalysis by BINAP dioxide, we achieved the first regio- and chemodivergent parallel kinetic resolutions (PKRs) of racemic unsymmetrical bisallylic amides via bromocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Hirokawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ichikawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Hisanaga
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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4
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Javed, Tiwari A, Azeem Z, Mandal PK. 4,5-Dioxo-imidazolinium Cation-Promoted α-Selective Dehydrative Glycosylation of 2-Deoxy- and 2,6-Dideoxy Sugars. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3718-3729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Zanjila Azeem
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Pongener I, Pepe DA, Ruddy JJ, McGarrigle EM. Stereoselective β-mannosylations and β-rhamnosylations from glycosyl hemiacetals mediated by lithium iodide. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10070-10075. [PMID: 34377400 PMCID: PMC8317664 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective β-mannosylation is one of the most challenging problems in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Herein, a highly selective synthesis of β-mannosides and β-rhamnosides from glycosyl hemi-acetals is reported, following a one-pot chlorination, iodination, glycosylation sequence employing cheap oxalyl chloride, phosphine oxide and LiI. The present protocol works excellently with a wide range of glycosyl acceptors and with armed glycosyl donors. The method doesn't require conformationally restricted donors or directing groups; it is proposed that the high β-selectivities observed are achieved via an SN2-type reaction of α-glycosyl iodide promoted by lithium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Dionissia A Pepe
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Joseph J Ruddy
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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6
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Tang Y, Reddy DP, Yu B. A dehydrative glycosylation protocol mediated by nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (NfF). Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Chang CW, Lin MH, Wu CH, Chiang TY, Wang CC. Mapping Mechanisms in Glycosylation Reactions with Donor Reactivity: Avoiding Generation of Side Products. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15945-15963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Ghosh T, Mukherji A, Kancharla PK. Open-Close Strategy toward the Organocatalytic Generation of 2-Deoxyribosyl Oxocarbenium Ions: Pyrrolidine-Salt-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Deoxyribofuranosides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Titli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
| | - Ananya Mukherji
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
| | - Pavan K. Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 781039 Guwahati India
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9
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Cai L, Zeng J, Li T, Xiao Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Meng L, Wan Q. Dehydrative Glycosylation Enabled by a Comproportionation Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dithiane 1‐Oxide
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ting Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
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10
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Pongener I, Nikitin K, McGarrigle EM. Synthesis of glycosyl chlorides using catalytic Appel conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7531-7535. [PMID: 31369028 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of glycosyl chlorides using catalytic Appel conditions is described. Good yields of α-glycosyl chlorides were obtained using a range of glycosyl hemiacetals, oxalyl chloride and 5 mol% Ph3PO. For 2-deoxysugars treatment of the corresponding hemiacetals with oxalyl chloride without phosphine oxide catalyst also gave good yields of glycosyl chloride. The method is operationaly simple and the 5 mol% phosphine oxide by-product can be removed easily. Alternatively a one-pot, multi-catalyst glycosylation can be carried out to transform the glycosyl hemiacetal directly to a glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Kirill Nikitin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eoghan M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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11
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Verdelet T, Benmahdjoub S, Benmerad B, Alami M, Messaoudi S. Copper-Catalyzed Anomeric O-Arylation of Carbohydrate Derivatives at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9226-9238. [PMID: 31274301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct and practical anomeric O-arylation of sugar lactols with substituted arylboronic acids has been established. Using copper catalysis at room temperature under an air atmosphere, the protocol proved to be general, and a variety of aryl O-glycosides have been prepared in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, this approach was extended successfully to unprotected carbohydrates, including α-mannose, and it was demonstrated here how the interaction between carbohydrates and boronic acids can be combined with copper catalysis to achieve selective anomeric O-arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Verdelet
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay , 92290 Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Sara Benmahdjoub
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Exactes , Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Belkacem Benmerad
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Exactes , Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay , 92290 Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay , 92290 Châtenay-Malabry , France
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12
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Abstract
Because of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
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13
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Ghosh T, Mukherji A, Srivastava HK, Kancharla PK. Secondary amine salt catalyzed controlled activation of 2-deoxy sugar lactols towards alpha-selective dehydrative glycosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:2870-2875. [PMID: 29633773 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new organocatalytic glycosylation method exploiting the lactol functionality has been disclosed. The catalytic generation of glycosyl oxacarbenium ions from lactols under forcible conditions via weakly Brønsted-acidic, readily available secondary amine salts affects the diastereoselective glycosylation of 2-deoxypyranoses and furanoses. This operationally simple iminium catalyzed activation of 2-deoxy hemi-acetals is a potential alternative to the existing cumbersome methods that need specialized handling. The mechanisms for this unique transformation and kinetic/thermodynamic effects have been discussed based on both experimental evidence and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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14
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van der Vorm S, Hansen T, van Hengst JMA, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Acceptor reactivity in glycosylation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4688-4706. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the reactivity of the glycosyl acceptor on the outcome of glycosylation reactions is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
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15
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Zhu F, O'Neill S, Rodriguez J, Walczak MA. Rethinking Carbohydrate Synthesis: Stereoretentive Reactions of Anomeric Stannanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:3147-3155. [PMID: 30051523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Concept article, recent advances are highlighted in the synthesis and applications of anomeric nucleophiles, a class of carbohydrates in which the C1 carbon bears a carbon-metal bond. First, the advantages of exploiting the carboanionic reactivity of carbohydrates and the methods for the synthesis of mono- and oligosaccharide stannanes are discussed. Second, recent developments in the glycosyl cross-coupling method resulting in the transfer of anomeric configuration from C1 stannanes to C-aryl glycosides are reviewed. These highly stereoretentive processes are ideally suited for the preparation of carbohydrate-based therapeutics and were demonstrated in the synthesis of antidiabetic drugs. Next, the application of the glycosyl cross-coupling method to the preparation of Se-glycosides and to glycodiversification of small molecules and peptides are highlighted. These reactions proceed with exclusive anomeric control for a broad range of substrates and tolerate carbohydrates with free hydroxyl groups. Taken together, anomeric nucleophiles have emerged as powerful tools for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates and their future applications will open new possibilities to incorporate saccharides into small molecules and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
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16
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O'Neill S, Rodriguez J, Walczak MA. Direct Dehydrative Glycosylation of C1-Alcohols. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2978-2990. [PMID: 30019854 PMCID: PMC7326538 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the central role played by carbohydrates in a multitude of biological processes, there has been a sustained interest in developing effective glycosylation methods to enable more thorough investigation of their essential functions. Among the myriad technologies available for stereoselective glycoside bond formation, dehydrative glycosylation possesses a distinct advantage given the unique properties of C1-alcohols such as straightforward preparation, stability, and a general reactivity compatible with a diverse set of reaction conditions. In this Focus Review, a survey of direct dehydrative glycosylations of C1-alcohols is provided with an emphasis on recent achievements, pervading limitations, mechanistic insights, and applications in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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17
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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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18
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Tatina MB, Khong DT, Judeh ZMA. Efficient Synthesis of α-Glycosyl Chlorides Using 2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Chloride: A Convenient Protocol for Quick One-Pot Glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Babu Tatina
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2-B1-14 637459 Singapore Singapore
| | - Duc Thinh Khong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2-B1-14 637459 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zaher M. A. Judeh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2-B1-14 637459 Singapore Singapore
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Zhu F, Rodriguez J, Yang T, Kevlishvili I, Miller E, Yi D, O'Neill S, Rourke MJ, Liu P, Walczak MA. Glycosyl Cross-Coupling of Anomeric Nucleophiles: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications in the Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17908-17922. [PMID: 29148749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective manipulations at the C1 anomeric position of saccharides are one of the central goals of preparative carbohydrate chemistry. Historically, the majority of reactions forming a bond with anomeric carbon has focused on reactions of nucleophiles with saccharide donors equipped with a leaving group. Here, we describe a novel approach to stereoselective synthesis of C-aryl glycosides capitalizing on the highly stereospecific reaction of anomeric nucleophiles. First, methods for the preparation of anomeric stannanes have been developed and optimized to afford both anomers of common saccharides in high anomeric selectivities. We established that oligosaccharide stannanes could be prepared from monosaccharide stannanes via O-glycosylation with Schmidt-type donors, glycal epoxides, or under dehydrative conditions with C1 alcohols. Second, we identified a general set of catalytic conditions with Pd2(dba)3 (2.5 mol%) and a bulky ligand (JackiePhos, 10 mol%) controlling the β-elimination pathway. We demonstrated that the glycosyl cross-coupling resulted in consistently high anomeric selectivities for both anomers with mono- and oligosaccharides, deoxysugars, saccharides with free hydroxyl groups, pyranose, and furanose substrates. The versatility of the glycosyl cross-coupling reaction was probed in the total synthesis of salmochelins (siderophores) and commercial anti-diabetic drugs (gliflozins). Combined experimental and computational studies revealed that the β-elimination pathway is suppressed for biphenyl-type ligands due to the shielding of Pd(II) by sterically demanding JackiePhos, whereas smaller ligands, which allow for the formation of a Pd-F complex, predominantly result in a glycal product. Similar steric effects account for the diminished rates of cross-couplings of 1,2-cis C1-stannanes with aryl halides. DFT calculations also revealed that the transmetalation occurs via a cyclic transition state with retention of configuration at the anomeric position. Taken together, facile access to both anomers of various glycoside nucleophiles, a broad reaction scope, and uniformly high transfer of anomeric configuration make the glycosyl cross-coupling reaction a practical tool for the synthesis of bioactive natural products, drug candidates, allowing for late-stage glycodiversification studies with small molecules and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Duk Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael J Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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