1
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Zhu R, Yang W, Hu P. Electrochemical Azo-free Mitsunobu-type Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402878. [PMID: 38466140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The classic chemical Mitsunobu reaction suffers from the need of excess alcohol activation reagents and the generation of significant by-products. Efforts to overcome these limitations have resulted in numerous creative solutions, but the substrate scope of these catalytic processes remains limited. Here we report an electrochemical Mitsunobu-type reaction, which features azo-free alcohol activation and broad substrate scope. This user-friendly technology allows a vast collection of heterocycles as the nucleophile, which can couple with a series of chiral cyclic and acyclic alcohols in moderate to high yields and excellent ee's. This practical reaction is scalable, chemoselective, uses simple Electrasyn setup with inexpensive electrodes and requires no precaution to exclude air and moisture. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated on the structural modification of diverse bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives and its straightforward application in a multiple-step synthesis of a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangye Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Wenzel JO, Santos Correa L, Schmidt S, Meier MAR. Benign synthesis of terpene-based 1,4-p-menthane diamine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8055. [PMID: 38580709 PMCID: PMC10997780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenes represent a promising renewable feedstock for the substitution of fossil resources in the synthesis of renewable platform chemicals, like diamines. This work describes the synthesis and full characterization of 1,4-p-menthane diamine (1,4-PMD) obtained from α-terpinene (1). A two-step procedure using dibenzyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) and H2 as rather benign reagents was employed under comparatively mild conditions. Both C-N bonds were formed simultaneously during a visible-light mediated Diels-Alder reaction, which was investigated in batch or flow, avoiding regioselectivity issues during the amination steps that are otherwise typical for terpene chemistry. Heterogeneously catalyzed quadruple hydrogenation of the cycloadduct (2a) yielded 1,4‑PMD (3). While the intermediate cycloadduct was shown to be distillable, the target diamine can be sublimed, offering sustainable purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Wenzel
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Luis Santos Correa
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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3
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Guo H, Qiu Y, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhao J. Tailoring flavin-based photosensitizers for efficient photooxidative coupling of benzylic amines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:161-173. [PMID: 38086643 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04579j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidative coupling of benzylic amines using naturally abundant O2 as an oxidant under visible light irradiation is an alternative green approach to synthesis imines and is of both fundamental and practical significance. We investigated the photophysical properties of flavin (FL) that is a naturally available sensitizer and its derivatives, i.e. 9-bromoflavin (MB-FL), 7,8-dibromoflavin (DB-FL) and 10-phenylflavin (Ph-FL), as well as the performance of these FL-based sensitizers (FLPSs) in the photooxidative coupling of benzylic amines to imines combining experimental and theoretical efforts. We showed that chemical functionalization with Br and phenyl effectively improves the photophysical properties of these FLPSs, in terms of absorption in the visible light range, singlet oxygen quantum yields, triplet lifetime, etc. Apart from nearly quantitative selectivity for the production of imines, the performance of DB-FL is superior to those of other FLPSs, and it is among the best photocatalysts for imine synthesis. Specifically, 0.5 mol% DB-FL is capable of converting 91% of 0.2 mmol benzylamine and more than 80% of 0.2 mmol fluorobenzylic amine derivatives into their corresponding imines in 5 h batch runs. Mechanistic investigation finely explained the observed photophysical properties of FLPSs and highlighted the dominant role of electron transfer in FLPS sensitized coupling of benzylic amines to imines. This work not only helps to understand the pathways for photocatalysis with FLPSs but also paves the way for the design of novel and efficient PSs to promote organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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4
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Han J, Haines CA, Piane JJ, Filien LL, Nacsa ED. An Electrochemical Design for Catalytic Dehydration: Direct, Room-Temperature Esterification without Acid or Base Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37436909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach has been leveraged to underpin a new conceptual platform for dehydration reactions, which has been demonstrated in the context of esterification. Esters were prepared from the corresponding acid and alcohol partners at room temperature without acid or base additives and without consuming stoichiometric reagents. This methodology therefore addresses key complications that plague esterification and dehydration reactions more broadly and that represent a leading challenge in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher A Haines
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jacob J Piane
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Leila L Filien
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Dong Q, Huang Q, Wang M, Chen H, Zi Y, Huang W. 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Promoted Esterification of Carboxylic Acids under Mild Conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Bykhovskaya OV, Kudryavtsev IY, Baulina TV, Pasechnik MP, Vologzhanina AV, Matveeva AG, Moiseeva AA, Brel VK. Unsymmetrical Tripodal Phosphine Oxide with Triazole Groups: Synthesis and Molecular Structure. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222080084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Tao S, Li X, Cheng X, Jiang G, Wan X. Green Esterification of Carboxylic Acids Promoted by
tert
‐Butyl Nitrite. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Suyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xionglve Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Gangzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
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8
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Meng H, Sun K, Xu Z, Tian L, Wang Y. P(III)‐Assisted Electrochemical Access to Ureas via in situ Generation of Isocyanates from Hydroxamic Acids. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Meng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF) Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Kunhui Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF) Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF) Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF) Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF) Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
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9
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Okai H, Tanimoto K, Ohkado R, Iida H. Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines: Aerobic Oxidative Formation of C–N and C–S Bonds by Flavin–Iodine-Coupled Organocatalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:8002-8006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayaki Okai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Tanimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ryoma Ohkado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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10
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Shao X, Zheng Y, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Recent advances in P III-assisted deoxygenative reactions under photochemical or electrochemical conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5994-6005. [PMID: 32692327 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution reactions of hydroxyl groups are one of the most fundamental and widely spread transformations in organic chemistry. Among them, PIII-mediated deoxygenative nucleophilic substitution reactions, such as the Mitsunobu reaction, are frequently used strategies and often require stoichiometric oxidants to activate PIII reagents to induce the desired reactions. It has been illustrated that PIII reagents can be oxidized into the corresponding radical cations through single-electron oxidation by photocatalysis or electro-oxidation. These phosphine radical cations can react with alcohols or carboxylic acids to form the corresponding alkoxyphosphonium or acyloxyphosphonium intermediates, which are very reactive and easily get decomposed. The release of tri-substituted phosphine oxides as a driving force triggers the following nucleophilic substitution. This strategy does not require the use of stoichiometric oxidants and it eludes safety and stability problems. In this review, we summarise the recent advances and discoveries in PIII-assisted direct deoxygenative reactions under photochemical or electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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11
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Tolba AH, Vávra F, Chudoba J, Cibulka R. Tuning Flavin-Based Photocatalytic Systems for Application in the Mild Chemoselective Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Substrates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hassan Tolba
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - František Vávra
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chudoba
- Central Laboratories; University of Chemistry and Technology Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
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12
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Handoko, Satishkumar S, Panigrahi NR, Arora PS. Rational Design of an Organocatalyst for Peptide Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15977-15985. [PMID: 31508947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amide bonds are ubiquitous in peptides, proteins, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. The formation of amide bonds is a straightforward process: amide bonds can be synthesized with relative ease because of the availability of efficient coupling agents. However, there is a substantive need for methods that do not require excess reagents. A catalyst that condenses amino acids could have an important impact by reducing the significant waste generated during peptide synthesis. We describe the rational design of a biomimetic catalyst that can efficiently couple amino acids featuring standard protecting groups. The catalyst design combines lessons learned from enzymes, peptide biosynthesis, and organocatalysts. Under optimized conditions, 5 mol % catalyst efficiently couples Fmoc amino acids without notable racemization. Importantly, we demonstrate that the catalyst is functional for the synthesis of oligopeptides on solid phase. This result is significant because it illustrates the potential of the catalyst to function on a substrate with a multitude of amide bonds, which may be expected to inhibit a hydrogen-bonding catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handoko
- Department of Chemistry New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Sakilam Satishkumar
- Department of Chemistry New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Nihar R Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Paramjit S Arora
- Department of Chemistry New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States
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13
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Yang Z, Chen S, Yang F, Zhang C, Dou Y, Zhou Q, Yan Y, Tang L. PPh3
/Selectfluor-Mediated Transformation of Carboxylic Acids into Acid Anhydrides and Acyl Fluorides and Its Application in Amide and Ester Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Siwei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - You Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Yizhe Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; 450000 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
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14
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März M, Babor M, Cibulka R. Flavin Catalysis Employing an N(5)-Adduct: an Application in the Aerobic Organocatalytic Mitsunobu Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal März
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; 166 28 Prague 6 Prague, Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Babor
- Department of Solid State Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; 166 28 Prague 6 Prague, Technická 5 Czech Republic
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15
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Pickel TC, Akondi SM, Liebeskind LS. Esterification by Redox Dehydration Using Diselenides as Catalytic Organooxidants. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4954-4960. [PMID: 30742771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ortho-functionalized aryl diselenides are catalytic (5.0 mol %) oxidants for the construction of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of stoichiometric triethyl phosphite and dioxygen in air as the terminal redox reagents (redox dehydration conditions). The reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of the anhydride and requires the presence of 10% DMAP to drive the esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Pickel
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Lanny S Liebeskind
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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16
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Pokluda A, Kohout M, Chudoba J, Krupička M, Cibulka R. Nitrosobenzene: Reagent for the Mitsunobu Esterification Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5012-5018. [PMID: 31459682 PMCID: PMC6648318 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosobenzene has been demonstrated to participate in the Mitsunobu reaction in an analogous manner to dialkyl azodicarboxylates. The protocol using nitrosobenzene and triphenylphosphine (1:1) under mild conditions (0 °C) provides the ester derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic acids using various alcohols in moderate yield and with good enantioselectivity, giving the desired products predominantly with an inversion of configuration. The proposed mechanism, which is analogous to that observed using dialkyl azodicarboxylates, involves a nitrosobenzene-triphenylphosphine adduct and an alkoxytriphenylphosphonium ion and was supported by density functional theory calculations, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and experiments conducted with isotopically labeled substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pokluda
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chudoba
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krupička
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Central Laboratories, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Beddoe RH, Sneddon HF, Denton RM. The catalytic Mitsunobu reaction: a critical analysis of the current state-of-the-art. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7774-7781. [PMID: 30306184 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Mitsunobu reaction is widely regarded as the pre-eminent method for performing nucleophilic substitutions of alcohols with inversion of configuration. However, its applicability to large-scale synthesis is undermined by the fact that alcohol activation occurs at the expense of two stoichiometric reagents - a phosphine and an azodicarboxylate. The ideal Mitsunobu reaction would be sub-stoichiometric in the phosphine and azodicarboxylate species and employ innocuous terminal oxidants and reductants to achieve recycling. This Review article provides a summary and analysis of recent advances towards the development of such catalytic Mitsunobu reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhydian H Beddoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham; GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratory, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2GA, UK.
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18
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Xu Z, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Shao X, Tian L, Wang Y. Triphenylphosphine-assisted dehydroxylative Csp3–N bond formation via electrochemical oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15089-15092. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A dehydroxylative Csp3–N coupling by electrochemical oxidation with readily available alcohols as substrates and a wide variety of azoles and amides as N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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19
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Zelenka J, Svobodová E, Tarábek J, Hoskovcová I, Boguschová V, Bailly S, Sikorski M, Roithová J, Cibulka R. Combining Flavin Photocatalysis and Organocatalysis: Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates. Org Lett 2018; 21:114-119. [PMID: 30582822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a system with ethylene-bridged flavinium salt 2b which catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of toluenes and benzyl alcohols with high oxidation potential ( Eox > +2.5 V vs SCE) to give the corresponding benzoic acids under visible light irradiation. This is caused by the high oxidizing power of excited 2b ( E(2b*) = +2.67 V vs SCE) involved in photooxidation and by the accompanying dark organocatalytic oxygenation provided by the in situ formed flavin hydroperoxide 2b-OOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zelenka
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Academy of Science of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo náměstí 542/2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry ; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan , Umultowska 89b , 61614 Poznan , Poland
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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20
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März M, Kohout M, Neveselý T, Chudoba J, Prukała D, Niziński S, Sikorski M, Burdziński G, Cibulka R. Azodicarboxylate-free esterification with triphenylphosphine mediated by flavin and visible light: method development and stereoselectivity control. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6809-6817. [PMID: 30203820 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) activated by various electrophiles (e.g., alkyl diazocarboxylates) represents an effective mediator of esterification and other nucleophilic substitution reactions. We report herein an aza-reagent-free procedure using flavin catalyst (3-methyl riboflavin tetraacetate), triphenylphosphine, and visible light (448 nm), which allows effective esterification of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with alcohols. Mechanistic study confirmed that photoinduced electron transfer from triphenylphosphine to excited flavin with the formation of Ph3P˙+ is a crucial step in the catalytic cycle. This allows reactive alkoxyphosphonium species to be generated by reaction of an alcohol with Ph3P˙+ followed by single-electron oxidation. Unexpected stereoselectivity control by the solvent was observed, allowing switching from inversion to retention of configuration during esterification of (S)- or (R)-1-phenylethanol; for example with phenylacetic acid, the ratio shifting from 10 : 90 (retention : inversion) in trifluoromethylbenzene to 99.9 : 0.1 in acetonitrile. Our method uses nitrobenzene to regenerate the flavin photocatalyst. This new approach to flavin re-oxidation has also been successfully proved in benzyl alcohol oxidation, which is a "standard" process among flavin-mediated photooxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal März
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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22
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Sideri IK, Voutyritsa E, Kokotos CG. Photoorganocatalysis, small organic molecules and light in the service of organic synthesis: the awakening of a sleeping giant. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4596-4614. [PMID: 29888357 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis, the use of light to promote organic transformations, is a field of catalysis that has received limited attention despite existing for over 100 years. With the revolution of photoredox catalysis in 2008, the rebirth or awakening of the field of photoorganocatalysis has brought new ideas and reactions to organic synthesis. This review will focus on the sudden outburst of literature regarding the use of small organic molecules as photocatalysts after 2013. In particular, it will focus on acridinium salts, benzophenones, pyrylium salts, thioxanthone derivatives, phenylglyoxylic acid, BODIPYs, flavin derivatives, and classes of organic molecules as catalysts for the photocatalytic generation of C-C and C-X bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna K Sideri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
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23
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Hirose D, Gazvoda M, Košmrlj J, Taniguchi T. Systematic Evaluation of 2-Arylazocarboxylates and 2-Arylazocarboxamides as Mitsunobu Reagents. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4712-4729. [PMID: 29570289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives can serve as replacements of typical Mitsunobu reagents such as diethyl azodicarboxylate. A systematic investigation of the reactivity and physical properties of those azo compounds has revealed that they have an excellent ability as Mitsunobu reagents. These reagents show similar or superior reactivity as compared to the known azo reagents and are applicable to the broad scope of substrates. p Ka and steric effects of substrates have been investigated, and the limitation of the Mitsunobu reaction can be overcome by choosing suitable reagents from the library of 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-aryl azocarboxamide derivatives. Convenient recovery of azo reagents is available by one-pot iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation, for example. SC-DSC analysis of representative 2-arylazocarboxylate and 2-arylazocarboxamide derivatives has shown high thermal stability, indicating that these azo reagents possess lower chemical hazard compared with typical azo reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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24
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Szigeti M, Dobi Z, Soós T. The Goldilocks Principle in Phase Labeling. Minimalist and Orthogonal Phase Tagging for Chromatography-Free Mitsunobu Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2869-2874. [PMID: 29378404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive and chromatography-free Mitsunobu methodology has been developed using low molecular weight and orthogonally phase-tagged reagents, a tert-butyl-tagged highly apolar phosphine, and a water-soluble DIAD analogue. The byproduct of the Mitsunobu reactions can be removed by sequential liquid-liquid extractions using traditional solvents such as hexanes, MeOH, water, and EtOAc. Owing to the orthogonal phase labeling, the spent reagents can be regenerated. This new variant of the Mitsunobu reaction promises to provide an alternative and complementary solution for the well-known separation problem of the Mitsunobu reaction without having to resort to expensive, large molecular weight reagents and chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Szigeti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Visible light mediated aerobic photocatalytic activation of C H bond by riboflavin tetraacetate and N -hydroxysuccinimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mojr V, Pitrová G, Straková K, Prukała D, Brazevic S, Svobodová E, Hoskovcová I, Burdziński G, Slanina T, Sikorski M, Cibulka R. Flavin Photocatalysts for Visible-Light [2+2] Cycloadditions: Structure, Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Mojr
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pitrová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Straková
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Sabina Brazevic
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 85 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Eva Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Irena Hoskovcová
- Department of Inorganic; Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague
| | - Gotard Burdziński
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 85 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
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Hou F, Wang XC, Quan ZJ. Efficient synthesis of esters through oxone-catalyzed dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9472-9476. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly oxone (20 mol%) catalyzed esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols has been developed, providing an attractive alternative to the construction of valuable carbonyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
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28
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Flavin derivatives immobilized on mesoporous silica: a versatile tool in visible-light photooxidation reactions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Ishikawa T, Kimura M, Kumoi T, Iida H. Coupled Flavin-Iodine Redox Organocatalysts: Aerobic Oxidative Transformation from N-Tosylhydrazones to 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Maasa Kimura
- Department of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takuma Kumoi
- Department of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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