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Peng J, Wang Q, Sun R, Zhang K, Chen Y, Gong Z. Phospholipids of inhaled liposomes determine the in vivo fate and therapeutic effects of salvianolic acid B on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2024; 371:1-15. [PMID: 38761856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Since phospholipids have an important effect on the size, surface potential and hardness of liposomes that decide their in vivo fate after inhalation, this research has systematically evaluated the effect of phospholipids on pulmonary drug delivery by liposomes. In this study, liposomes composed of neutral saturated/unsaturated phospholipids, anionic and cationic phospholipids were constructed to investigate how surface potential and the degree of saturation of fatty acid chains determined their mucus and epithelium permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Our results clearly indicated that liposomes composed of saturated neutral and anionic phospholipids possessed high stability and permeability, compared to that of liposomes composed of unsaturated phospholipids and cationic phospholipids. Furthermore, both in vivo imaging of fluorescence-labeled liposomes and biodistribution of salvianolic acid B (SAB) that encapsulated in liposomes were performed to estimate the effect of phospholipids on the lung exposure and retention of inhaled liposomes. Finally, inhaled SAB-loaded liposomes exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects in a bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mice model via inhibition of inflammation and regulation on coagulation-fibrinolytic system. Such findings will be beneficial to the development of inhalable lipid-based nanodrug delivery systems for the treatment of respiratory diseases where inhalation is the preferred route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogenicity Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China.
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China.
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2
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Tselekidou D, Papadopoulos K, Foris V, Kyriazopoulos V, Andrikopoulos KC, Andreopoulou AK, Kallitsis JK, Laskarakis A, Logothetidis S, Gioti M. A Comparative Study between Blended Polymers and Copolymers as Emitting Layers for Single-Layer White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:76. [PMID: 38203932 PMCID: PMC10780062 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been dedicated to the solution-processable white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs), which can potentially influence future solid-state lighting and full-color flat-panel displays. The proposed strategy based on WOLEDs involves blending two or more emitting polymers or copolymerizing two or more emitting chromophores with different doping concentrations to produce white light emission from a single layer. Toward this direction, the development of blends was conducted using commercial blue poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl2,7-diyl) (PFO), green poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenealt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and red spiro-copolymer (SPR) light-emitting materials, whereas the synthesized copolymers were based on different chromophores, namely distyryllanthracene, distyrylcarbazole, and distyrylbenzothiadiazole, as yellow, blue, and orange-red emitters, respectively. A comparative study between the two approaches was carried out to examine the main challenge for these doping systems, which is ensuring the proper balance of emissions from all the units to span the entire visible range. The emission characteristics of fabricated WOLEDs will be explored in terms of controlling the emission from each emitter, which depends on two possible mechanisms: energy transfer and carrier trapping. The aim of this work is to achieve pure white emission through the color mixing from different emitters based on different doping concentrations, as well as color stability during the device operation. According to these aspects, the WOLED devices based on the copolymers of two chromophores exhibit the most encouraging results regarding white color emission coordinates (0.28, 0.31) with a CRI value of 82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Tselekidou
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Kyparisis Papadopoulos
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Vasileios Foris
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Vasileios Kyriazopoulos
- Organic Electronic Technologies P.C. (OET), 20th KM Thessaloniki—Tagarades, GR-57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos C. Andrikopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Argiris Laskarakis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Stergios Logothetidis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
- Organic Electronic Technologies P.C. (OET), 20th KM Thessaloniki—Tagarades, GR-57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Maria Gioti
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
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3
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Kumar B, Mora AK, Ghosh R, Nath S. Natural DNA assisted white light generation and stimuli responsive colour tuning. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:695-701. [PMID: 34271048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique structure of a natural nucleic acid, calf thymus DNA, which can provide an appropriate scaffold for an efficient cascaded energy transfer among organic chromophores, has been used for the generation of bright and pure white light on UV light excitation. Two most commonly used DNA stains, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and ethidium bromide (EB) have been used as a part of the donor-acceptor pairs. We have judiciously selected 10-anthracene-10-yl-3-methylbenzothiazol-3-ium chloride (AnMBTZ), an ultrafast molecular rotor, to act as a bridge between DNA bound DAPI and EB for the cascaded flow of energy. The unique molecular rotor properties of AnMBTZ and its exceptional binding ability with natural DNA help to form a distinct tri-chromophoric system in DNA template which can produce bright and pure white light on UV excitation. Detailed flow of energy from photoexcited DAPI to EB via AnMBTZ has been explored using steady state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Further, unique binding nature of AnMBTZ with DNA molecules has been used to modulate the colour of the emission from the present tri-chromophoric system by external stimuli, like salt and temperature. Such unique stimuli responsive multi-chromophoric system in a bio-template has great potential for different lightening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Kumar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Aruna K Mora
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Sukhendu Nath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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4
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Tewari N, Joshi HC, Rautela R, Pant S. Photophysical study of dansylamide in polymeric micro-environment. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Xie H, Jiang J, Wang J. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H/N−H Functionalization with Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2020; 26:7365-7368. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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6
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Denißen M, Hannen R, Itskalov D, Biesen L, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Hoffmann K, Reiss GJ, Resch-Genger U, Müller TJJ. One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7407-7410. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive four-component insertion–alkynylation–amination–Suzuki sequence furnishes bichromophores that emit white light upon aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) operating by partial energy transfer between the constituting chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Denißen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Ricarda Hannen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Dana Itskalov
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Lukas Biesen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | | | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Division Biophotonics
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Department 1
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Department 1
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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7
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Gomez Pinheiro GE, Ihmels H, Dohmen C. Mild Synthesis of Fluorosolvatochromic and Acidochromic 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridylisoquinoline Derivatives from Easily Available Substrates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3011-3016. [PMID: 30701977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of sodium cyanate with benzo[ b]quinolizinium substrates at room temperature gave 3-hydroxy-4-pyridyl-isoquinoline derivatives in good yields. Presumably, the overall reaction proceeds through an ANRORC-type sequence, that is, addition of the nucleophile, ring opening, and ring closure. Preliminary photophysical investigation of the parent compound revealed a pronounced sensitivity of its emission properties toward solvent effects and the pH of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Gomez Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Christoph Dohmen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , 57068 Siegen , Germany
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8
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Lee D, Lee J, Song J, Jen M, Pang Y. Homogeneous silver colloidal substrates optimal for metal-enhanced fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11599-11607. [PMID: 30901014 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous silver colloidal films (SCFs), composed of silver nanoparticles 67-193 nm in diameter, were synthesized by a seeded-growth method as the substrates for metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). The homogeneity and uniform particle distribution of the SCFs showed many advantages for the exploration of the MEF mechanism. The fluorescence enhancement of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) and rhodamine 700 (Rh700) dyes dispersed in a thin layer of polystyrene (PS) with the SCFs was observed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence enhancements of DCM and Rh700 become larger when the surface plasmon resonance bands of SCFs overlap the emission bands of dyes. The particle-size-dependent changes of the radiative and non-radiative rate constants of both dyes with the SCFs are estimated by an improved analysis combining the fluorescence intensity and lifetime measurements and the finite-difference time-domain method simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daedu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Grotkopp O, Mayer B, Müller TJJ. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bichromophoric Pyrrole-Fluorophore Conjugates. Front Chem 2018; 6:579. [PMID: 30542648 PMCID: PMC6277781 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mild reaction conditions of the palladium-copper coupling-isomerization reaction open a highly convergent, chromogenic route to blue emissive pyrroles in the sense of a consecutive four-component reaction. By virtue of this strategy a phenol derivative can be readily accessed, which can be transformed in a level-2 transformation to a library of bichromophoric pyrrol-fluorophore conjugates by facile alkylation with fluorophore halides. The photophysics of the underlying blue emitter derivative and the conjugates is studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy, furnishing intramolecular energy transfer at short distances as well as competing fluorescence quenching. In some cases partial energy transfer results in the occurrence of dual emission, for instance seen as magenta-rose emission arising from blue and red orange luminescence. The experimental photophysical studies are rationalized by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grotkopp
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Das P, Kumar A, Chowdhury A, Mukherjee PS. Aggregation-Induced Emission and White Luminescence from a Combination of π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Organic Luminogens. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13757-13771. [PMID: 31458076 PMCID: PMC6645036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two new star-shaped phenyl- and triazine-core based donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated molecules bearing triphenylamine end-capped arms were synthesized and characterized as imminent organic optoelectronic materials. Photophysical properties of the compounds were explored systematically via spectroscopic and theoretical methods. Because of the presence of donor-acceptor interactions, these luminogens display multifunctional properties, for instance, high extinction coefficient, large stokes shift, and pronounced solvatochromic effect. The compounds also exhibited phenomenon known as aggregation-induced emission on formation of nano-aggregates in the tetrahydrofuran-water mixture. The aggregate formation was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analyses. Moreover, by controlling the electron withdrawing ability of the acceptor, complementary emissive fluorophores (blue and yellow) were achieved. These two complementary colors together span the entire range of visible spectrum (400-800 nm) and therefore when mixed in a requisite proportion generate white light in solution phase. These findings have potential for the progress of new organic white light radiating materials for applications in lighting and display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Asutosh College, 92, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- E-mail:
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11
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Bujak Ł, Ishii T, Sharma DK, Hirata S, Vacha M. Selective turn-on and modulation of resonant energy transfer in single plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1511-1519. [PMID: 28067372 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) is a nonradiative process by which the energy of light absorbed by a donor molecule is transferred to an acceptor molecule over a distance of several nanometers. FRET plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and nature-inspired artificial light-harvesting systems that are being explored for use in energy conversion applications. Localized plasmons of metal nanoparticles can potentially lead to a significant increase of FRET efficiency and effective donor-acceptor distance. Here, we prepare hybrid nanostructures composed of a gold nanorod and donor and acceptor molecules covalently attached to its surface, and study them on the level of a single nanoparticle by simultaneous dark-field scattering, fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy. The single-particle approach enables selective excitation of the longitudinal plasmon of the gold nanorod by polarization of the excitation light. The emission intensity of the acceptor molecules can be controllably and reversibly modulated over a wide range by the polarization angle, thus enabling a selective turn-on of the FRET process and control over the emission color of the hybrid nanostructure. Numerical simulations show that the interactions of the donor and acceptor molecules with the plasmon lead to an increase of the energy transfer efficiency by a factor of ∼65. These findings represent the concept of a novel colour switching approach and could pave the way for innovative applications in optoelectronics and nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bujak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ishii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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12
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Pati AK, Gharpure SJ, Mishra AK. White Light Emission in Butadiyne Bridged Pyrene–Phenyl Hybrid Fluorophore: Understanding the Photophysical Importance of Diyne Spacer and Utilizing the Excited-State Photophysics for Vapor Detection. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5838-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Pati
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh J. Gharpure
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ashok K. Mishra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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