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Ahmad M, Grayson SM. Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38556789 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Ali Al Assiri M, Gómez Urreizti E, Andrea Pagnacco C, Gónzalez de San Román E, Barroso-Bujans F. Reactivity of B(C6F5)3 Towards Glycidol: The Formation of Branched Cyclic Polyglycidol Structures. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Wang TW, Golder MR. Advancing macromolecular hoop construction: recent developments in synthetic cyclic polymer chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology to access cyclic macromolecules continues to develop via two distinct mechanistic classes: ring-expansion of macrocyclic initiators and ring-closure of functionalized linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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5
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Daito Y, Kojima R, Kusuyama N, Kohsaka Y, Ouchi M. Magnesium bromide (MgBr 2) as a catalyst for living cationic polymerization and ring-expansion cationic polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium bromide (MgBr2) was found to be an effective catalyst for the ring-expansion cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) initiated by a “cyclic” hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond-based initiator leading to the syntheses of cyclic poly(IBVE)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Reina Kojima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kohsaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM)
- Shinshu University
- Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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6
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Kirillov E, Rodygin K, Ananikov V. Recent advances in applications of vinyl ether monomers for precise synthesis of custom-tailored polymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Takahashi A, Tsunoda S, Yuzaki R, Kameyama A. Thioacyl-Transfer Ring-Expansion Polymerization of Thiiranes Based on a Cyclic Dithiocarbamate Initiator. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Shosuke Tsunoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ryu Yuzaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kameyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
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8
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Takahashi A, Yuzaki R, Ishida Y, Kameyama A. Controlled ring‐expansion polymerization of thiiranes based on cyclic aromatic thiourethane initiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
| | - Ryu Yuzaki
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ishida
- Center for Fundamental Education Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara‐shi Yamanashi 409‐0133 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kameyama
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
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9
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Neitzel AE, Barreda L, Trotta JT, Fahnhorst GW, Haversang TJ, Hoye TR, Fors BP, Hillmyer MA. Hydrolytically-degradable homo- and copolymers of a strained exocyclic hemiacetal ester. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the cationic ring-opening homo- and copolymerization of the 7-membered exocyclic hemiacetal ester 7-methoxyoxepan-2-one (MOPO) to afford poly(7-methoxyoxepan-2-one) [poly(MOPO)] and its copolymers with isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika E. Neitzel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Leonel Barreda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Jacob T. Trotta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Haversang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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10
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Edwards JP, Wolf WJ, Grubbs RH. The synthesis of cyclic polymers by olefin metathesis: Achievements and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P. Edwards
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - William J. Wolf
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
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11
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Chang YA, Waymouth RM. Recent progress on the synthesis of cyclic polymers via ring-expansion strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
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12
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Kammiyada H, Ouchi M, Sawamoto M. A Study on Physical Properties of Cyclic Poly(vinyl ether)s Synthesized via Ring-Expansion Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kammiyada
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Ring-expansion cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers with a hemiacetal ester-embedded cyclic initiator allows precise syntheses of ring-based architectures due to the controlled propagation as well as the monomer pendant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hajime Kammiyada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Research
- Chubu University
- Aichi 487-8501
- Japan
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14
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Strasser S, Wappl C, Slugovc C. Solvent-free macrocyclisation by nucleophile-mediated oxa-Michael addition polymerisation of divinyl sulfone and alcohols. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00152e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Divinyl sulfone and di- or multifunctional alcohols quantitatively react within minutes under solvent-less conditions upon addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Strasser
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
- A 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Christina Wappl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
- A 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
- A 8010 Graz
- Austria
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