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Heng X, Shan F, Yang H, Hu J, Feng R, Tian W, Chen G, Chen H. Glycopolymers With On/Off Anchors: Confinement Effect on Regulating Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301536. [PMID: 37590030 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient activation or over-activation of T cells due to the dendritic cells (DCs) state can cause negative effects on immunotherapy, making it crucial for DCs to maintain different states in different treatments. Polysaccharides are one of the most studied substances to promote DCs maturation. However, in many methods, optimizing the spatial dimension of the interaction between polysaccharides and cells is often overlooked. Therefore, in this study, a new strategy from the perspective of spatial dimension is proposed to regulate the efficacy of polysaccharides in promoting DCs maturation. An anchoring molecule (DMA) is introduced to existing glycopolymers for the confinement effect, and the effect can be turned off by oxidation of DMA. Among the prepared on-confined (PMD2 ), off-confined (PMD2 -O), and norm (PM2 ) glycopolymers, PMD2 and PMD2 -O show the best and worst results, respectively, in terms of the amount of binding to DCs and the effect on promoting DCs maturation. This sufficiently shows that the turn-on and off of confinement effect can regulate the maturation of DCs by polysaccharides. Based on the all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the mechanism of difference in the confinement effect is explained. This simple method can also be used to regulate other molecule-cell interactions to guide cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Heng
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangjian Shan
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - He Yang
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Feng
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wende Tian
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Soochow University, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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2
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Wardzala CL, Clauss ZS, Kramer JR. Principles of glycocalyx engineering with hydrophobic-anchored synthetic mucins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952931. [PMID: 36325363 PMCID: PMC9621330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx is involved in diverse biological phenomena in health and disease. Yet, molecular level studies have been challenged by a lack of tools to precisely manipulate this heterogeneous structure. Engineering of the cell surface using insertion of hydrophobic-terminal materials has emerged as a simple and efficient method with great promise for glycocalyx studies. However, there is a dearth of information about how the structure of the material affects membrane insertion efficiency and resulting density, the residence time of the material, or what types of cells can be utilized. Here, we examine a panel of synthetic mucin structures terminated in highly efficient cholesterylamide membrane anchors for their ability to engineer the glycocalyx of five different cell lines. We examined surface density, residence time and half-life, cytotoxicity, and the ability be passed to daughter cells. We report that this method is robust for a variety of polymeric structures, long-lasting, and well-tolerated by a variety of cell lines.
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3
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Bhattacharya K, Kalita U, Singha NK. Tailor-made Glycopolymers via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Design, Properties and Applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the underlying mechanism of biological interactions using glycopolymer is becoming increasingly important owing to their unique recognition properties. The multivalent interactions between lectin and glycopolymer are significantly influenced by...
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Catania R, Foralosso R, Spanos L, Russo E, Mastrotto F, Gurnani P, Butler K, Williams H, Stolnik S, Mantovani G. Direct routes to functional RAFT agents from substituted N-alkyl maleimides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three different routes are presented for the synthesis of functional RAFT agents from N-substituted maleimides, which are then used to synthesise α,β,ω-functional RAFT polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catania
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ruggero Foralosso
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lampros Spanos
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emanuele Russo
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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5
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Gu Y, Liu B, Liu Q, Hang Y, Wang L, Brash JL, Chen G, Chen H. Modular Polymers as a Platform for Cell Surface Engineering: Promoting Neural Differentiation and Enhancing the Immune Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47720-47729. [PMID: 31793283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulating cell behavior and cell fate are of great significance for basic biological research and cell therapy. Carbohydrates, as the key biomacromolecules, play a crucial role in regulating cell behavior. Herein, "modular" glycopolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These glycopolymers contain sugar units (glucose), anchoring units (cholesterol), "guest" units (adamantane) for host-guest interaction, and fluorescent labeling units (fluorescein). It was demonstrated that these glycopolymers can insert into cell membranes with high efficiency and their residence time on the membranes can be regulated by controlling their cholesterol content. Furthermore, the behavior of the engineered cells can be controlled by modifying with different functional β-cyclodextrins (CD-X) via host-guest interactions with the adamantane units. Host-guest interactions with the modular polymers were demonstrated using CD-RBITC (X = a rhodamine B isothiocyanate). The glycopolymers were modified with CD-S (X = seven sulfonate groups) and CD-M (X = seven mannose groups) and were then attached, respectively, to the surfaces of mouse embryonic stem cells for the promotion of neural differentiation and to the surfaces of cancer cells for the enhancement of the immune response. The combination of multiple anchors and host-guest interactions provides a widely applicable cell membrane modification platform for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Hang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - John L Brash
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S4L7 , Canada
| | - Gaojian Chen
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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6
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Hang Y, Ma J, Li S, Zhang X, Liu B, Ding Z, Lu Q, Chen H, Kaplan DL. Structure–Chemical Modification Relationships with Silk Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2762-2768. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Burns, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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7
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Liu Q, Jiang S, Liu B, Yu Y, Zhao ZA, Wang C, Liu Z, Chen G, Chen H. Take Immune Cells Back on Track: Glycopolymer-Engineered Tumor Cells for Triggering Immune Response. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:337-344. [PMID: 35651134 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The "self-homing" of cancer cells to primary or metastatic tumor sites indicates that they could serve as vehicles for self-targeted cancer therapy; this suggests a promising method for treating end-stage cancer. Inspired by this, we propose that engineering cancer cells to carry efficient "coup" molecules for in situ activation of immune cells in or near tumor sites to attack tumors is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Therefore, herein we explored the potential of engineered tumor cells to enhance their anticancer activity by stimulating immune cells. We armed tumor cell surfaces with specific glycopolymer-ligands that bind to lectins on macrophages or dendritic cells by combining HaloTag protein (HTP) fusion technique with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We demonstrated that two synthetic well-defined glycopolymers containing, respectively, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine units, were introduced and stably presented on the cell surfaces via the stable covalent binding of chloroalkane-terminated polymers with membrane-bound HTP. Furthermore, it was shown that the glycopolymer-engineered HeLa cells with HTP anchors increased expression of the typical marker for M1-type macrophages (CD86) and upregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p70, TNF-α, and iNOS), thereby accelerating HeLa cell lysis. The maturation of dendritic cells was also promoted. This study demonstrates the strong potential of glycopolymer-engineered tumor cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaibing Jiang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Yu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Abstract
This review describes several general chemical approaches for the preparation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mimetic polymers based on different backbones and sidechains, and highlights the importance of these synthetic GAG-mimetic polymers in controlling key biofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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9
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Miao Z, Li D, Zheng Z, Zhang Q. Synthesis of chitosan-mimicking cationic glycopolymers by Cu(0)-LRP for efficient capture and killing of bacteria. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A schematic representation of the preparation of cationic magnetic glyconanoparticles by Cu(0)-LRP to efficiently capture, kill and separate E. coli from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Die Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaoquan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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10
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Watanabe A, Niu J, Lunn DJ, Lawrence J, Knight AS, Zhang M, Hawker CJ. PET‐RAFT as a facile strategy for preparing functional lipid–polymer conjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of ChemistryBoston CollegeChestnut Hill Massachusetts02467
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - David J. Lunn
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
- Materials DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
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11
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Bartneck M, Schlößer CT, Barz M, Zentel R, Trautwein C, Lammers T, Tacke F. Immunomodulatory Therapy of Inflammatory Liver Disease Using Selectin-Binding Glycopolymers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9689-9700. [PMID: 28829572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have the potential to significantly advance treatment of inflammatory disease and cancer, which are in large part driven by immune cells. Selectins control the first step in immune cell adhesion and extravasation, thereby guiding leukocyte trafficking to tissue lesions. We analyzed four different highly specific selectin-binding glycopolymers, based on linear poly(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide (PHPMA) polymers. These glycopolymers contain either the tetrasaccharide sialyl-LewisX (SLeX) or the individual carbohydrates fucose, galactose, and sialic acids mimicking the complex SLeX binding motive. The glycopolymers strongly bind to primary human macrophages, without activating them, and also to primary human blood leukocytes, but poorly to fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro. After intravenous injection in mice, all glycopolymers accumulated in the liver without causing hepatotoxicity. The glycosylated binder most potently targeted resident hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) and protected mice from acute toxic liver injury in the two different experimental models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or Concanavalin A (ConA)-based hepatitis. Its sulfated counterpart, on the other hand, induced a decrease in infiltrating and resident macrophages, increased T helper cells, and aggravated immune-mediated liver injury. We demonstrate that, in the context of selectin-binding glycopolymers, minor modifications strongly impact leukocyte influx and macrophage activation, thereby ameliorating or aggravating liver inflammation depending on the underlying immunopathology. The nonsulfated random glycopolymer is a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disease. The modulation of hepatic immune cells by selectin-binding glycopolymers might breach the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment and could improve efficacy of immunotherapies for inflammatory disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Barz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , 55122 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Liu Q, Lyu Z, Yu Y, Zhao ZA, Hu S, Yuan L, Chen G, Chen H. Synthetic Glycopolymers for Highly Efficient Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Neurons: Lipo- or Not? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11518-11527. [PMID: 28287262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To realize the potential application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, it is a prerequisite to develop an effective strategy for the neural differentiation of ESCs so as to obtain adequate amount of neurons. Considering the efficacy of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and their disadvantages (e.g., structure heterogeneity and impurity), GAG-mimicking glycopolymers (designed polymers containing functional units similar to natural GAG) with or without phospholipid groups were synthesized in the present work and their ability to promote neural differentiation of mouse ESCs (mESCs) was investigated. It was found that the lipid-anchored GAG-mimicking glycopolymers (lipo-pSGF) retained on the membrane of mESCs rather than being internalized by cells after 1 h of incubation. Besides, lipo-pSGF showed better activity in promoting neural differentiation. The expression of the neural-specific maker β3-tubulin in lipo-pSGF-treated cells was ∼3.8- and ∼1.9-fold higher compared to natural heparin- and pSGF-treated cells at day 14. The likely mechanism involved in lipo-pSGF-mediated neural differentiation was further investigated by analyzing its effect on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway which is important for neural differentiation of ESCs. Lipo-pSGF was found to efficiently bind FGF2 and enhance the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, thus promoting neural differentiation. These findings demonstrated that engineering of cell surface glycan using our synthetic lipo-glycopolymer is a highly efficient approach for neural differentiation of ESCs and this strategy can be applied for the regulation of other cellular activities mediated by cell membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Lyu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - You Yu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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