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Wang Y, Xiao J, Meng A, Liu C. Multivalent Pyrrolidine Iminosugars: Synthesis and Biological Relevance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175420. [PMID: 36080188 PMCID: PMC9457877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the strategy of multivalency has been widely employed to design glycosidase inhibitors, as glycomimetic clusters often induce marked enzyme inhibition relative to monovalent analogs. Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, one of the most studied classes of iminosugars, are an attractive moiety due to their potent and specific inhibition of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, which are associated with many crucial biological processes. The development of multivalent pyrrolidine derivatives as glycosidase inhibitors has resulted in several promising compounds that stand out. Herein, we comprehensively summarized the different synthetic approaches to the preparation of multivalent pyrrolidine clusters, from total synthesis of divalent iminosugars to complex architectures bearing twelve pyrrolidine motifs. Enzyme inhibitory properties and multivalent effects of these synthesized iminosugars were further discussed, especially for some less studied therapeutically relevant enzymes. We envision that this comprehensive review will help extend the applications of multivalent pyrrolidine iminosugars in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Aiguo Meng
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
- Correspondence:
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Della Sala P, Vanni C, Talotta C, Di Marino L, Matassini C, Goti A, Neri P, Šesták S, Cardona F, Gaeta C. Multivalent resorcinarene clusters decorated with DAB-1 inhitopes: targeting Golgi α-mannosidase from Drosophila melanogaster. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resorcinarene@DAB-1 clusters show a remarkable multivalent effect towards GMIIb over other α-mannosidases, due to a rebinding mechanism: two DAB-1 units of the cluster bind the two Zn-sites of the dimeric protein in an alternate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry (SupraLab@UniSa), Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84984, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Costanza Vanni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry (SupraLab@UniSa), Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84984, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luca Di Marino
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry (SupraLab@UniSa), Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84984, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Associated with LENS, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Associated with LENS, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry (SupraLab@UniSa), Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84984, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Associated with LENS, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry (SupraLab@UniSa), Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84984, Fisciano, Italy
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La Manna P, Soriente A, De Rosa M, Buonerba A, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. Green, Mild, and Efficient Friedel-Crafts Benzylation of Scarcely Reactive Arenes and Heteroarenes under On-Water Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1673-1683. [PMID: 30775871 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free Friedel-Crafts benzylation (FCB) of scarcely reactive arenes and heteroarenes was performed under on-water conditions by an environmentally sustainable procedure. The catalytic strategy exploits the hydrophobicity of the resorcinarene macrocycle 1 a. The proposed mechanism is based on the activation of benzyl chloride by H-bonding interactions with catalyst 1 a. In fact, under on-water conditions the hydrophobic amplification of the strength of the H-bonding interactions between the OH groups of the resorcinarene catalyst and the chlorine atom of benzyl chloride leads to polarization of the C-Cl bond, which consequently promotes electrophilic attack of the π nucleophile. Thus, many arenes and heteroarenes were efficiently benzylated under mild on-water conditions by using resorcinarene 1 a as catalyst. The FCB of benzene is industrially relevant for the synthesis of diphenylmethane, and hence the on-water procedure was extended to the gram-scale synthesis of diphenylmethane, starting from benzene and benzyl chloride in the presence of resorcinarene catalyst 1 a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano (SALERNO), 84084, Italy
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