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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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2
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Kamedulski P, Gauden PA, Lukaszewicz JP, Ilnicka A. Effective Synthesis of Carbon Hybrid Materials Containing Oligothiophene Dyes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203354. [PMID: 31618831 PMCID: PMC6829365 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows the first study of the synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of commercial Norit carbons and oligothiophenes. The study presents the influence of surface oxidation on dye deposition as well as changes of pore structure and surface chemistry. The hybrid materials were characterised using Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM, respectively). Confocal microscopy was employed to confirm the immobilization of oligomers on the surface of the carbons being investigated. Confocal microscopy measurements were additionally used to indicate whether dye molecules covered the entire surface of the selected commercial Norit samples. Specific surface area and pore structure parameters were determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Additionally, elemental content and surface chemistry were characterised by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and combustion elemental analysis. Experimental results confirmed that oligothiophene dyes were adsorbed onto the internal part of the investigated pores of the carbon materials. The pores were assumed to have a slit-like shape, a set of 82 local adsorption isotherms was modelled for pores from 0.465 nm to 224 nm. Further, XPS data showed promising qualitative results regarding the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the hybrid materials obtained (sulphur content ranged from 1.40 to 1.45 at%). It was shown that the surface chemistry of activated carbon plays a key role in the dye deposition process. High surface heterogeneity after hydrothermal oxidation did not improve dye adsorption due to specific interactions between surface oxygen moieties and local electric charges in the oligothiophene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kamedulski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Piotr A Gauden
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Jerzy P Lukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Anna Ilnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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3
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Lu J, Liu S, Wang M. Push-Pull Zinc Porphyrins as Light-Harvesters for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:541. [PMID: 30519554 PMCID: PMC6251255 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been attractive to scientific community due to its eco-friendliness, ease of fabrication, and vivid colorful property etc. Among various kinds of sensitizers, such as metal-free organic molecules, metal-complex, natural dyes etc., porphyrin is one of the most promising sensitizers for DSSC. The first application of porphyrin for sensitization of nanocrystaline TiO2 can be traced back to 1993 by using [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrinato] zinc(II) with an overall conversion efficiency of 2.6%. After 10 years efforts, Officer and Grätzel improved this value to 7.1%. Later in 2009, by constructing porphyrin sensitizer with an arylamine as donor and a benzoic acid as acceptor, Diau and Yeh demonstrated that this donor-acceptor framwork porphyrins could attain remarkable photovoltaic performance. Now the highest efficiencies of DSSC are dominated by donor-acceptor porphyrins, reaching remarkable values around 13.0% with cobalt-based electrolytes. This achievement is largely contributed by the structural development of donor and acceptor groups within push-pull framwork. In this review, we summarized and discussed the developement of donor-acceptor porphyrin sensitizers and their applications in DSSC. A dicussion of the correlation between molecular structure and the spectral and photovoltaic properties is the major target of this review. Deeply dicussion of the substitution group, especially on porphyrin's meso-position were presented. Furthermore, the limitations of DSSC for commercialization, such as the long-term stability, sophisticated synthesis procedures for high efficiency dye etc., have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ooyama Y, Furue K, Enoki T, Kanda M, Adachi Y, Ohshita J. Development of type-I/type-II hybrid dye sensitizer with both pyridyl group and catechol unit as anchoring group for type-I/type-II dye-sensitized solar cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:30662-30676. [PMID: 27790658 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A type-I/type-II hybrid dye sensitizer with a pyridyl group and a catechol unit as the anchoring group has been developed and its photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated. The sensitizer has the ability to adsorb on a TiO2 electrode through both the coordination bond at Lewis acid sites and the bidentate binuclear bridging linkage at Brønsted acid sites on the TiO2 surface, which makes it possible to inject an electron into the conduction band of the TiO2 electrode by the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) excitation (type-I pathway) and by the photoexcitation of the dye-to-TiO2 charge transfer (DTCT) band (type-II pathway). It was found that the type-I/type-II hybrid dye sensitizer adsorbed on TiO2 film exhibits a broad photoabsorption band originating from ICT and DTCT characteristics. Here we reveal the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the type-I/type-II hybrid dye sensitizer bearing a pyridyl group and a catechol unit, along with its adsorption modes onto TiO2 film, and its photovoltaic performance in type-I/type-II DSSC, based on optical (photoabsorption and fluorescence spectroscopy) and electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry), density functional theory (DFT) calculation, FT-IR spectroscopy of the dyes adsorbed on TiO2 film, photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curves, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for DSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Furue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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Wang JC, Hill SP, Dilbeck T, Ogunsolu OO, Banerjee T, Hanson K. Multimolecular assemblies on high surface area metal oxides and their role in interfacial energy and electron transfer. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:104-148. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High surface area metal oxides offer a unique substrate for the assembly of multiple molecular components at an interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Sean P. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Tristan Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | | | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering
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Ooyama Y, Kanda M, EnoKi T, Adachi Y, Ohshita J. Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties, and photovoltaic performance of a panchromatic and near-infrared (D)2–π–A type BODIPY dye with pyridyl group or cyanoacrylic acid. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(D)2–π–A type BODIPY dyes bearing a pyridyl group or cyanoacrylic acid group and two diphenylamine–thienylcarbazole moieties which possess near-infrared adsorption ability as well as panchromatic adsorption ability, have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki EnoKi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
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Enoki T, Matsuo K, Ohshita J, Ooyama Y. Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of julolidine-structured pyrido[3,4-b]indole dye. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3565-3574. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The julolidine-structured pyrido[3,4-b]indole dye ET-1 possesses the ability to act as a calorimetric and fluorescent sensor for Brønsted and Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Keishi Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
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Ooyama Y, Enoki T, Ohshita J, Kamimura T, Ozako S, Koide T, Tani F. Singlet oxygen generation properties of an inclusion complex of cyclic free-base porphyrin dimer and fullerene C60. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that a cyclic free-base porphyrin dimer and its inclusion complex with fullerene C60 possess the ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527
- Japan
| | - Takuya Kamimura
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Shuwa Ozako
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Taro Koide
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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Ooyama Y, Yamaguchi N, Ohshita J, Harima Y. Impact of the molecular structure and adsorption mode of D-π-A dye sensitizers with a pyridyl group in dye-sensitized solar cells on the adsorption equilibrium constant for dye-adsorption on TiO 2 surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32992-32998. [PMID: 27886308 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
D-π-A dyes NI-4 bearing a pyridyl group, YNI-1 bearing two pyridyl groups and YNI-2 bearing two thienylpyridyl groups as the anchoring group on the TiO2 surface have been developed as dye sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), where NI-4 and YNI-2 can adsorb onto the TiO2 electrode through the formation of the coordinate bond between the pyridyl group of the dye and the Lewis acid site (exposed Tin+ cations) on the TiO2 surface, but YNI-1 is predominantly adsorbed on the TiO2 electrode through the formation of the hydrogen bond between the pyridyl group of the dye and the Brønsted acid sites (surface-bound hydroxyl groups, Ti-OH) on the TiO2 surface. The difference in the dye-adsorption mode among the three dyes on the TiO2 surface has been investigated from the adsorption equilibrium constant (Kad) based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. It was found that the Kad values of YNI-1 and YNI-2 are higher than that of NI-4, and more interestingly, the Kad value of YNI-2 is higher than that of YNI-1. This work demonstrates that that for the D-π-A dye sensitizers with the pyridyl group as the anchoring group to the TiO2 surface the number of pyridyl groups and the dye-adsorption mode on the TiO2 electrode as well as the molecular structure of the dye sensitizer affect the Kad value for the adsorption of the dye to the TiO2 electrode, that is, resulting in a difference in the Kad value among the D-π-A dye sensitizers NI-4, YNI-1 and YNI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Naoya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Harima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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