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Procopio D, Siciliano C, Perri A, Guillena G, Ramón DJ, Di Gioia ML. Sustainable Synthesis of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Atenolol in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6677. [PMID: 38928384 PMCID: PMC11203897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atenolol, one of the top five best-selling drugs in the world today used to treat angina and hypertension, and to reduce the risk of death after a heart attack, faces challenges in current synthetic methods to address inefficiencies and environmental concerns. The traditional synthesis of this drug involves a process that generates a large amount of waste and other by-products that need disposal. This study presents a one-pot DES-based sustainable protocol for synthesizing atenolol. The use of the DES allowed the entire process to be conducted with no need for additional bases or catalysts, in short reaction times, under mild conditions, and avoiding chromatographic purification. The overall yield of atenolol was 95%. The scalability of the process to gram-scale production was successfully demonstrated, emphasizing its potential in industrial applications. Finally, the 'greenness' evaluation, performed using the First Pass CHEM21 Metrics Toolkit, highlighted the superiority in terms of the atom economy, the reaction mass efficiency, and the overall process mass intensity of the DES-based synthesis compared with the already existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (D.P.); (C.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (D.P.); (C.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Assunta Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (D.P.); (C.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (G.G.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Diego J. Ramón
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (G.G.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (D.P.); (C.S.); (A.P.)
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2
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Chałupka J, Sikora A, Ziegler-Borowska M, Marszałł MP. Bio-Approach for Obtaining Enantiomerically Pure Clopidogrel with the Use of Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11124. [PMID: 37446300 PMCID: PMC10342315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel is a chiral compound widely used as an antiplatelet medication that lowers the risk of blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks. The main aim of the study presented herein was to obtain (S)-clopidogrel, which is commercially available in treatments, via the kinetic resolution of racemic clopidogrel carboxylic acid with the use of lipase from Candida rugosa and a two-phase reaction medium containing an ionic liquid. For this purpose, the enantioselective biotransformation of clopidogrel carboxylic acid and chiral chromatographic separation with the use of a UPLC-MS/MS system were optimized. The best kinetic resolution parameters were obtained by using a catalytic system containing lipase from Candida rugosa OF as a biocatalyst, cyclohexane and [EMIM][BF4] as a two-phase reaction medium, and methanol as an acyl acceptor. The enantiomeric excess of the product was eep = 94.21% ± 1.07 and the conversion was c = 49.60% ± 0.57%, whereas the enantioselectivity was E = 113.40 ± 1.29. The performed study proved the possibility of obtaining (S)-clopidogrel with the use of lipase as a biocatalyst and a two-phase reaction medium containing an ionic liquid, which is in parallel with green chemistry methodology and does not require environmentally harmful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chałupka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.P.M.)
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3
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Borowiecki P, Zdun B, Popow N, Wiklińska M, Reiter T, Kroutil W. Development of a novel chemoenzymatic route to enantiomerically enriched β-adrenolytic agents. A case study toward propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, carazolol, moprolol, and metoprolol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22150-22160. [PMID: 36043081 PMCID: PMC9364081 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient chemoenzymatic routes toward the synthesis of both enantiomers of adrenergic β-blockers were accomplished by identifying a central chiral building block, which was first prepared using lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR, Amano PS-IM) as the asymmetric step at a five gram-scale (209 mM conc.). The enantiopure (R)-chlorohydrin (>99% ee) subsequently obtained was used for the synthesis of a series of model (R)-(+)-β-blockers (i.e., propranolol, alprenolol, pindolol, carazolol, moprolol, and metoprolol), which were produced with enantiomeric excess in the range of 96–99.9%. The pharmaceutically relevant (S)-counterpart, taking propranolol as a model, was synthesized in excellent enantiomeric purity (99% ee) via acetolysis of the respective enantiomerically pure (R)-mesylate by using cesium acetate and a catalytic amount of 18-Crown-6, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the formed (S)-acetate. Alternatively, asymmetric reduction of a prochiral ketone, namely 2-(3-chloro-2-oxopropyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, was performed using lyophilized E. coli cells harboring overexpressed recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir (E. coli/Lk-ADH-Lica) giving the corresponding chlorohydrin with >99% ee. Setting the stereocenter early in the synthesis and performing a 4-step reaction sequence in a ‘one-pot two-step’ procedure allowed the design of a ‘step-economic’ route with a potential dramatic improvement in process efficiency. The synthetic method can serve for the preparation of a broad scope of enantiomerically enriched β-blockers, the chemical structures of which rely on the common α-hydroxy-N-isopropylamine moiety, and in this sense, might be industrially attractive. Efficient chemoenzymatic routes toward both enantiomers of β-blockers were accomplished by identifying a central chiral building block prepared using either lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution methodology or ADH-catalyzed biotranshydrogenation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Zdun
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Popow
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiklińska
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Koszykowa St. 75 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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Mohammadi ZB, Zhang F, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Nano-biocatalysts for food applications; immobilized enzymes within different nanostructures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11351-11369. [PMID: 35758266 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress in modern technologies and paying more attention to food safety has prompted new green technologies superior than chemical methods in the food industry. In this regard, enzymes can decrease the usage of chemical reactions but they are sensitive to environmental effects (pH and temperature). In addition, enzymes are scarcely possible to be reused. Consequently, their application as natural catalysts is restricted. Using nanotechnology and the possibility of enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials has led to nanobiocatalysts, resulting from the integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Nanocarriers have individual features like nanoscale size, excellent surface/volume ratio, and diversity in construction to improve the activity, efficiency, stability, and storage stability of enzymes. Nanobiocatolysts have a wide range of applications in purification, extraction, clarification, production, and packaging of various products in the food industry. Furthermore, the application of nanobiocatalysts to identify specific components of food contaminants such as microorganisms or their metabolites, heavy metals, antibiotics, and residual pesticides has been successful due to the high accuracy of detection. This review investigates the integration of nanotechnology and food enzymes, the nanomaterials used to create nanobiocatalysts and their application, along with the possible risks and legal aspects of nanomaterials in food bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beig Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Chałupka J, Sikora A, Kozicka A, Marszałł MP. Overview: Enzyme-catalyzed Enantioselective Biotransformation of Chiral Active Compounds Used in Hypertension Treatment. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201020204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic kinetic resolution is one of the methods which allows for the synthesis
of enantiomerically pure various active pharmaceutical ingredients. In contrast to chemical
routes, enzymatic reactions have characteristics, including mild reaction conditions, a few byproducts,
and relatively high activity of the used enzymes. β-adrenolytic drugs are widely
used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Due to the fact that β-
blockers possess an asymmetric carbon atom in their structure, they are presented in two
enantiomeric forms. It was reported by many studies that only the (S)-enantiomers of these
drugs possess the desired therapeutic effect, whereas the administration of the racemate may
cause dangerous side effects, such as bronchoconstriction or diabetes. Nevertheless, β-
blockers are still commercially available drugs mainly used in medicine as racemates, whereas there are several
methods that are widely used in order to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chałupka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kozicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University in Cambridge, Lv 6 Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6
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Taheri-Kafrani A, Kharazmi S, Nasrollahzadeh M, Soozanipour A, Ejeian F, Etedali P, Mansouri-Tehrani HA, Razmjou A, Yek SMG, Varma RS. Recent developments in enzyme immobilization technology for high-throughput processing in food industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3160-3196. [PMID: 32715740 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food and beverage markets has increased as a result of population increase and in view of health awareness. The quality of products from food processing industry has to be improved economically by incorporating greener methodologies that enhances the safety and shelf life via the enzymes application while maintaining the essential nutritional qualities. The utilization of enzymes is rendered more favorable in industrial practices via the modification of their characteristics as attested by studies on enzyme immobilization pertaining to different stages of food and beverage processing; these studies have enhanced the catalytic activity, stability of enzymes and lowered the overall cost. However, the harsh conditions of industrial processes continue to increase the propensity of enzyme destabilization thus shortening their industrial lifespan namely enzyme leaching, recoverability, uncontrollable orientation and the lack of a general procedure. Innovative studies have strived to provide new tools and materials for the development of systems offering new possibilities for industrial applications of enzymes. Herein, an effort has been made to present up-to-date developments on enzyme immobilization and current challenges in the food and beverage industries in terms of enhancing the enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kharazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Soozanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Etedali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoudi-Gom Yek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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The Use of Ion Liquids as a Trojan Horse Strategy in Enzyme-Catalyzed Biotransformation of (R,S)-Atenolol. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic method was used for the direct biotransformation of racemic atenolol. The catalytic activities of commercially available lipases from Candida rugosa were tested for the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-atenolol by enantioselective acetylation in various two-phase reaction media containing ionic liquids. The composed catalytic system gave the possibility to easy separate substrates and products of the conducted enantioselective reaction and after specific procedure to reuse utilized enzymes in another catalytic cycle.
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8
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Soni S, Dwivedee BP, Sharma VK, Patel G, Banerjee UC. Exploration of the expeditious potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase in the kinetic resolution of racemic intermediates and its validation through molecular docking. Chirality 2017; 30:85-94. [PMID: 29064594 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A profoundly time-efficient chemoenzymatic method for the synthesis of (S)-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propan-1,2-diol and (S)-1-chloro-3-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propan-2-ol, two important pharmaceutical intermediates, was successfully developed using Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). Kinetic resolution was successfully achieved using vinyl acetate as acylating agent, toluene/hexane as solvent, and reaction temperature of 30°C giving high enantioselectivity and conversion. Under optimized condition, PFL demonstrated 50.2% conversion, enantiomeric excess of 95.0%, enantioselectivity (E = 153) in an optimum time of 1 hour and 50.3% conversion, enantiomeric excess of 95.2%, enantioselectivity (E = 161) in an optimum time of 3 hours, for the two racemic alcohols, respectively. Docking of the R- and S-enantiomers of the intermediates demonstrated stronger H-bond interaction between the hydroxyl group of the R-enantiomer and the key binding residues of the catalytic site of the lipase, while the S-enantiomer demonstrated lesser interaction. Thus, docking study complemented the experimental outcome that PFL preferentially acylated the R form of the intermediates. The present study demonstrates a cost-effective and expeditious biocatalytic process that can be applied in the enantiopure synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Bharat P Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Vishnu K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Gopal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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9
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Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY. Fast liquid chromatography for racemic atenolol acetate separation-The analytical protocol. Chirality 2017; 29:847-853. [PMID: 28963758 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of (R,S)-atenolol is a faster strategy to produce (S)-atenolol. Since this racemate is a less soluble compound, resolution of its ester offers high concentrations in the process. A good analytical method is required to observe the enantiomer concentrations. This paper described application of ultra-fast liquid chromatography on the atenolol ester separation using different resolution media and analytical procedures. Chiralcel OD column resolved the ester. The chromatograms indicated different characteristics of the process. The enantiomers could be recognized by the column in less than 1 (one) hour. Symmetrical peaks were obtained, but several procedures produced peaks with wide bases and slanted baselines. Efficient enantioresolution was obtained at high mobile phase flow rate, decreased concentration of amine-type modifier, but increased alcohol content in the mobile phase. High UV detection wavelength was required. At 1.0 mL/min, the (90/10/0.5) composition resulted α = 1.46 and RS = 0.9998 that were good separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Agustian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Dwivedee BP, Bhaumik J, Rai SK, Laha JK, Banerjee UC. Development of nanobiocatalysts through the immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase for applications in efficient kinetic resolution of racemic compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:464-471. [PMID: 28538202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports covalent immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL) on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanobiocatalyst (NBC). This nanobiocatalyst facilitates efficient kinetic resolution of (RS)-1-phenylethanol into (S)-1-phenylethanol [C=49.7%, eep=99.5%, ees=98.1% and E value=191.4]. The immobilized preparation (MWCNTs-PFL) showed ten-fold increase in activity, thermal stability upto 80 °C and recyclability (8 cycles). MWCNTs-PFL nanobioconjugate demonstrated better stability and enhanced activity compared to covalently immobilized PFL on other matrices (silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and chitosan beads) used for the study. A statistical design [response surface methodology (RSM)] employed for the optimization of enzyme immobilization parameters made this study statistically more significant. Overall, the newly developed nanobiocatalyst has applications towards the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat P Dwivedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India.
| | - Shushil K Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India.
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Albarrán-Velo J, González-Martínez D, Gotor-Fernández V. Stereoselective biocatalysis: A mature technology for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1340457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Enantioseparation of (RS)-atenolol with the use of lipases immobilized onto new-synthesized magnetic nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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