1
|
Favero S, Stephens IEL, Titirci MM. Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances - An Electrochemical Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308238. [PMID: 37891006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-based electrochemical devices, such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells and electrolyzers, are receiving increasing attention. However, while the catalysts and membrane are methodically studied, the ionomer is largely overlooked. In fact, most of the studies in alkaline electrolytes are conducted using the commercial proton exchange ionomer Nafion. The ionomer provides ionic conductivity; it is also essential for gas transport and water management, as well as for controlling the mechanical stability and the morphology of the catalyst layer. Moreover, the ionomer has distinct requirements that differ from those of anion-exchange membranes, such as a high gas permeability, and that depend on the specific electrode, such as water management. As a result, it is necessary to tailor the ionomer structure to the specific application in isolation and as part of the catalyst layer. In this review, an overview of the current state of the art for anion exchange ionomers is provided, summarizing their specific requirements and limitations in the context of AEM electrolyzers and fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Favero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rozik NN, Shafik ES, Abd-El-Messieh SL. Physical and mechanical investigation for polyionic liquid/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends. PIGMENT & RESIN TECHNOLOGY 2023; 52:211-217. [DOI: 10.1108/prt-09-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to polymerize of 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (PIL). PIL was embedded into PVA with a different content ratio by casting method. This research also deals with the effect of adding PIL in different proportions to PVA on the electrical and mechanical properties properties in addition to the morphology of the prepared samples.
Design/methodology/approach
1-Butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide was synthesized through quaternization and free radical polymerization. The resulting polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition to the morphology of PVA, PVA/PIL was investigated by polarizing microscope. Also, the effect of PIL content on the electrical and mechanical properties was evaluated.
Findings
The findings of this study might lead to new applications for PVA and PILs in electrical and dielectrics. The mechanical results revealed that the tensile strength increased slightly with increasing polyionic liquid (PIL) content and decreased above 10% PIL. While the elongation at break increased significantly with increasing PIL content and begin to decrease above 10% PIL. Also, the electrical property of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/PIL blends was improved because of the strong plasticizing effect of PIL. Also, the electrical conductivity of these polymer electrolytes is greatly increased. This indicates that the imidazolium-based PIL has an effective approach that leads to an increase in the conductivity of the polymer. The PILs/PVA design will not only enrich the chemical structure but also will contribute to green manufacturing techniques and a processing methodology that enables green membrane manufacture.
Originality/value
This study contributes to green manufacturing techniques and a processing methodology that enables “green” membrane manufacture.
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan MI, Fernandez-Garcia J, Zhu QL. Fabrication of doubly charged anion-exchange membranes for enhancing hydroxide conductivity. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1781896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Qi-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie W, Tan S, Yang J, Luo J, Wang C, Wu Y. Ionic Liquid Crystalline Composite Membranes Composed of Smectic Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Anhydrous Proton Conduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South
Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Debgupta J, Singh C, Sarkar R, Basu O, Das SK. Designing UiO-66-Based Superprotonic Conductor with the Highest Metal-Organic Framework Based Proton Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13423-13432. [PMID: 30888148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) based proton conductors have received immense importance recently. The present study endeavors to design two post synthetically modified UiO-66-based MOFs and examines the effects of their structural differences on their proton conductivity. UiO-66-NH2 is modified by reaction with sultones to prepare two homologous compounds, that is, PSM 1 and PSM 2, with SO3H functionalization in comparable extent (Zr:S = 2:1) in both. However, the pendant alkyl chain holding the -SO3H group is of different length. PSM 2 has longer alkyl chain attachment than PSM 1. This difference in the length of side arms results in a huge difference in proton conductivity of the two compounds. PSM 1 is observed to have the highest MOF-based proton conductivity (1.64 × 10-1 S cm-1) at 80 °C, which is comparable to commercially available Nafion, while PSM 2 shows significantly lower conductivity (4.6 × 10-3 S cm-1). Again, the activation energy for proton conduction is one of the lowest among all MOF-based proton conductors in the case of PSM 1, while PSM 2 requires larger activation energy (almost 3 times). This profound effect of variation of the chain length of the side arm by one carbon atom in the case of PSM 1 and PSM 2 was rather surprising and never documented before. This effect of the length of the side arm can be very useful to understand the proton conduction mechanism of MOF-based compounds and also to design better proton conductors. Besides, PSM 1 showed proton conductivity as high as 1.64 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 80 °C, which is the highest reported value to date among all MOF-based systems. The lability of the -SO3H proton of the post synthetically modified UiO-66 MOFs has theoretically been determined by molecular electrostatic potential analysis and theoretical p Ka calculation of models of functional sites along with relevant NBO analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyashish Debgupta
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Chandani Singh
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Rudraditya Sarkar
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Olivia Basu
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| | - Samar K Das
- School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad 500046 , India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Development of an ionogel membrane PVA/[EMIM] [SCN] with enhanced thermal stability and ionic conductivity for electrochemical application. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Han X, Wang J, Wang L. Preparation of anion exchange membranes based on pyridine functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by 1,4-dichlorobutane. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun 113001 China
| | - Jilin Wang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun 113001 China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun 113001 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho MK, Lim A, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Yoo SJ, Sung YE, Park HS, Jang JH. A Review on Membranes and Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Single Cells. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2017. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2017.8.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
A novel approach on poly(ionic liquid)-based poly(vinyl alcohol) as a hydrophilic/hydrophobic conductive polymer electrolytes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Zhu H, Li R, Chen N, Wang F, Wang Z, Han K. Electrorheological effect induced quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)-layered double hydroxide composite membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrorheological effect was employed to arrange LDHs to the through-plane direction and then improve the through-plane conductivities of AEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Nanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Fanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Zhongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Kefei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Chemistry Engineering
- Institute of Modern Catalysis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Che Q, Yue J. Polymerized imidazolium ionic liquids crosslinking sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) for high-temperature proton exchange membrane. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid (IL) monomer of (acryloyloxy)propanylimidazolium chloride with unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds was synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quantong Che
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| |
Collapse
|