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Jiang R, Yoo P, Sudarshana AM, Pelegri-O'Day E, Chhabra S, Mock M, Lee AP. Microfluidic viscometer by acoustic streaming transducers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2577-2585. [PMID: 37133350 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of fluid viscosity represents a huge need for many biomedical and materials processing applications. Sample fluids containing DNA, antibodies, protein-based drugs, and even cells have become important therapeutic options. The physical properties, including viscosity, of these biologics are critical factors in the optimization of the biomanufacturing processes and delivery of therapeutics to patients. Here we demonstrate an acoustic microstreaming platform termed as microfluidic viscometer by acoustic streaming transducers (μVAST) that induces fluid transport from second-order microstreaming to measure viscosity. Validation of our platform is achieved with different glycerol content mixtures to reflect different viscosities and shows that viscosity can be estimated based on the maximum speed of the second-order acoustic microstreaming. The μVAST platform requires only a small volume of fluid sample (∼1.2 μL), which is 16-30 times smaller than that of commercial viscometers. In addition, μVAST can be scaled up for ultra-high throughput measurements of viscosity. Here we demonstrate 16 samples within 3 seconds, which is an attractive feature for automating the process flows in drug development and materials manufacturing and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Jiang
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Yoo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Emma Pelegri-O'Day
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Marissa Mock
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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A Study on Regenerative Quartz Crystal Microbalance. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) represented a substantial breakthrough in the use of the QCM sensor in diverse applications ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. To obtain the required selectivity and sensitivity of a volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor, it is necessary to coat the QCM sensor with a sensing film. As the QCM sensor is coated with the sensing film, an increase in the dissipation factor occurs, resulting in a shorter and shorter ring-down time. This decrease in ring-down time makes it difficult to implement the QCM-D method in an economical and portable configuration from the perspective of large-scale applications. To compensate for this effect, a regenerative method is proposed by which the damping effect produced by the sensing film is eliminated. In this sense, a regenerative circuit as an extension to a virtual instrument is proposed to validate the experimental method. The simulation of the ring-down time for the QCM sensor in the air considering the effect of the added sensing film, followed by the basic theoretical concepts of the regenerative method and the experimental results obtained, are analyzed in detail in this paper.
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Bansal S, Sen P. Electrowetting based local sensing of liquid properties using relaxation dynamics of stretched liquid interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 568:8-15. [PMID: 32086011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Monitoring progression of biochemical processes is required for medical and industrial applications. Spatiotemporal changes in fluid properties can be measured to determine progress of biochemical processes like blood coagulation. Localised electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuates a part of droplet contact line, allowing local measurement of fluid properties without inducing bulk fluid motion, which is unlike full droplet oscillation-based techniques. EXPERIMENTS In this work, narrow electrodes (50-450 μm) were used to actuate a portion of drop interface. Dynamics of interface actuation and relaxation was used to estimate the local visco-elastic properties of the droplet. FINDINGS For local interface motion, theory predicts a generic dispersion relation ω=cqn. In agreement with theory, decay time was found to be proportional to viscosity and inversely proportional to surface tension. Interface displacement remained almost constant for different viscosities, but it decreased with increase in surface tension. Capability to measure spatiotemporal dynamics of chemical process was demonstrated for sugar dissolution in a droplet of water. For full droplet oscillation-based techniques, the induced bulk flows adversely affect the monitored process. Localised EWOD reduces bulk flows in the sample. So, this technique was applied to study blood coagulation dynamics, enlightening the future prospect of developing biomedical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Bansal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; University of Sussex, UK.
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Li J, Kaku T, Tokura Y, Matsukawa K, Homma K, Nishimoto T, Hiruta Y, Akimoto AM, Nagase K, Kanazawa H, Shiratori S. Adsorption–Desorption Control of Fibronectin in Real Time at the Liquid/Polymer Interface on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance by Thermoresponsivity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1748-1755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatu Li
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taisei Kaku
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Tokura
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ko Matsukawa
- The Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenta Homma
- The Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taihei Nishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- The Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Seimei Shiratori
- Center for Material Design Science, School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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Shear Mode Bulk Acoustic Resonator Based on Inclined c-Axis AlN Film for Monitoring of Human Hemostatic Parameters. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9100501. [PMID: 30424434 PMCID: PMC6215146 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of hemostatic parameters is essential for patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulant agents. In this paper, we present a shear mode bulk acoustic resonator based on an inclined c-axis aluminum nitride (AlN) film for monitoring the human hemostatic parameters. During the blood coagulation process, the resonant frequency of the device decreases along with a step-ladder profile due to the viscosity change during the formation of fibers in blood, revealing the sequential coagulation stages. Two hemostatic parameters with clinical significance, prothrombin time (PT) along with its derived measure of international normalized ratio (INR), are determined from time-frequency curves of the device. Furthermore, the resonator is compared with a commercial coagulometer by monitoring the hemostatic parameters for one month in a patient taking the oral anticoagulant. The results are consistent. In addition, thanks to the excellent potential for integration, miniaturization and the availability of direct digital signals, the proposed device has promising application for point of care coagulation monitoring.
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