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Liao JX, Sun JS, Hu ZN, Liu H. Advances in the Semi-Synthesis of Triterpenoids. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent achievements in triterpenoid semi-synthesis are discussed in this short review, which is divided into three parts according to the type of synthetic strategy being employed. These strategies include functionalization, modification of the carbon skeleton, and glycosylation. In the section on functionalization strategies, both functional group interconversions and new functional group installations on triterpenoid starting materials are described. The section on modification of the carbon skeleton is divided into three parts according to the tactic being applied, and incorporates rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, ring scission, and introduction of an additional heterocyclic ring. Meanwhile, in the section on glycosylation, notable achievements in the semi-synthesis of both natural and artificial triterpene saponins are discussed. Overall, the pivotal transformations that have brought about striking chemical structure variations of triterpenoid starting materials are highlighted herein, and it is hoped that this short review will provide inspiration to both established and new investigators engaged in this field of research. 1 Introduction2 Semi-Synthesis of Triterpenoids via Functionalization Strategies2.1 Functionalization of Rings with Functional Groups2.2 Functionalization of a Side Chain2.3 Functionalization of Rings without Existing Functional Groups 2.4 Functionalization of Angular Methyl Groups2.5 Functionalization of Angular Methyl Groups and Functional-Group-Free Rings2.6 Multisite Modifications3 Semi-Synthesis of Triterpenoids via C-Skeleton Modification Strategies3.1 Rearrangement Tactics3.2 Ring-Opening Tactics3.3 Additional Ring Introduction Tactics4 emi-Synthesis of Triterpenoids via a Glycosylation Strategy5 Conclusions and Outlook
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Wang M, Li H, Liu W, Cao H, Hu X, Gao X, Xu F, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Dammarane-type leads panaxadiol and protopanaxadiol for drug discovery: Biological activity and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112087. [PMID: 32007667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on the definite therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anticancer, anti-diabetic and so on, the Panax genus which contains many valuable plants, including ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), attracts research focus. Actually, the biological and pharmacological effects of the Panax genus are mainly attributed to the abundant ginsenosides. However, the low membrane permeability and the gastrointestinal tract influence seriously limit the absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides. The acid or base hydrolysates of ginsenosides, 20 (R,S)-panaxadiol and 20 (R,S)-protopanaxadiol showed improved bioavailability and diverse pharmacological activities. Moreover, relative stable skeletons and active hydroxyl group at C-3 position and other reactive sites are suitable for structural modification to improve biological activities. In this review, the pharmacological activities of panaxadiol, protopanaxadiol and their structurally modified derivatives are comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Evanno L, Belotti D, Toromanoff E, Cossy J. Synthesis of 12-epi
-Protopanaxadiol and Formal Synthesis of Ginsenoside Chikusetsusaponin-LT8. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Evanno
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials; ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PLS; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Damien Belotti
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials; ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PLS; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Edmond Toromanoff
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials; ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PLS; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials; ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PLS; 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Kurzawa T, Harms K, Koert U. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Benzodihydropentalene Core of the Fijiolides. Org Lett 2018; 20:1388-1391. [PMID: 29450998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient stereoselective synthesis of the enantiomer of the benzodihydropentalene core of fijiolides A and B has been achieved. The asymmetric conjugate addition of styrylboronic acid to an indenone produced the first stereocenter. Ring C was installed by ring-closing metathesis of a cis disubstituted indanone. Regioselective epoxide opening by NaSePh and subsequent oxidative elimination produced an allylic alcohol. The final introduction of the cyclopentadiene was possible by elimination of an in situ formed triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Kurzawa
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Shao LD, Bao Y, Shen Y, Su J, Leng Y, Zhao QS. Synthesis of selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors based on dammarane scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:324-338. [PMID: 28458137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by natural 11β-HSD1 inhibitors hupehenols A - E, a ring-focused strategy was applied for the synthesis of 35 structurally diverse dammarane-type derivatives. These derivatives were effectively prepared from protopanaxadiol based on the modification of rings A and D. Among these compounds, ten were identified as selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors (IC50 range: 101-1047 nM, SI range: 8-169) which exhibited inhibitory activities against human or mouse 11β-HSD1. Otherwise, we found 23a could selectively inhibit both human and mouse 11β-HSD1 with IC50 value of 994 and 213 nM (SI > 10 and > 47), respectively. Additionally, the molecular modelling results of 23a docking into the human and mouse 11β-HSD1 were in good agreement with the results from the enzyme inhibitory experiment. Moreover, valuable structural-activity relationship (SAR) information of dammarane-type 11β-HSD1 inhibitor was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ying Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
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Ren J, Shi X, Li XN, Li LW, Su J, Shao LD, Zhao QS. Synthesis of a Small-Molecule Library with Skeletal Diversity from Hemslecin A via the Reaction-Discovery Strategy. Org Lett 2016; 18:3948-51. [PMID: 27486900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-Wei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
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