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Acid-Catalyzed Condensation of Benzamide with Glyoxal, and Reaction Features. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031094. [PMID: 35164359 PMCID: PMC8838861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholars from around the world have been attempting to simplify and cheapen the synthetic method for the promising high-energy compound CL-20 for decades. The lack of understanding of the formation mechanisms of hexaazaisowurtzitane derivatives-CL-20 precursors-is a barrier to solving the said problems. Here, we report the results from an in-depth study into the acid-catalyzed condensation between benzamide and glyoxal in a molar ratio of 2:1 in polar protic and aprotic solvents. Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified, of which eight were synthesized for the first time. A geminal diol, N,N'-(2,2-dihydroxyethane-1,1-diyl)dibenzamide, was synthesized. Two isomers of 1,2-bis(benzoylamino)-1,2-ethanediol were isolated and identified. N,N'-(1-oxoethane-1,2-diyl)dibenzamide and 2-oxo-2-[(phenylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl benzoate were produced that were likely formed due to the 1,2-hydride shift. N-polysubstituted 1,4-dioxane-2,3,5,6-tetramine was synthesized for the first time, whose structure may be of interest as a scaffold for new explosives. DMSO, THF and HCOOH were found to be able to engage in a reaction with benzamide, or condensation products thereof, and glyoxal under acid-catalyzed conditions.
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Paromov AE, Sysolyatin SV. Synthesis of Diaminoacetic Acid Derivatives as a Promising Scaffold for the Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Cage Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1311-1317. [PMID: 35036792 PMCID: PMC8757442 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we explored in detail an acid-catalyzed condensation of glyoxylic acid or its ethyl ester with several carboxamides of different basicity, or with mesyl amide, to furnish diaminoacetic acid derivatives. The most suitable synthesis conditions and the reaction catalysts were identified. Properties such as structure and basicity of the starting amides were demonstrated to influence the condensation process. Elemental iodine was used for the first time herein as an acid catalyst for the condensation of glyoxylic acid or its ester, which gave access to diaminoacetic acid derivatives in higher yields in most cases, as opposed to p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). An abnormally high activity of mesyl amide when condensed with ethyl glyoxylate was noticed, which may evidence a special impact of the sulfonyl moiety in the amide molecule on the condensation.
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Wei Y, Ma J, Yuan T, Jiang J, Duan Y, Xue J. Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Lithium Chloride Intercalation Carbon Nitride. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang JY, Chen GL, Jie Dong, Pan Wang, Gong XD. Design and exploration of 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives as energetic materials. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2107-2121. [PMID: 32436152 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the fact that 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4 triazole (NTNMT) is a successful, good explosive, energetic groups such as -CH3, -NH2, -NHNO2, -NO2, -ONO2, -NF2, -CN, -NC, -N3 groups were introduced into NTNMT and their oxygen balance was at about zero. The energetic properties, detonation performance, and sensitivity were studied at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of density functional theory to seek for possible high energy density compounds. The effects of substituent groups on heat of formation (HOF), density ρ, detonation velocity D, detonation pressure P, detonation energy Q, and sensitivity (evaluated using oxygen balance OB, the nitro group charges -QNO2, and bond dissociation energies BDE were studied and discussed. The order of contribution of the substituent groups to ρ, D, and P was -NF2 > -ONO2 > -NO2 > -NHNO2 > -N3 > -NH2 > -NC > -CN > -CH3; while to HOF is -N3 > -NC > -CN > -NO2 > -NF2 > -ONO2 > -NH2 > -NHNO2 > -CH3. The trigger bonds in the pyrolysis process for NTNMT derivatives may be N-NO2, N-NH2, N-NHNO2, C-NO2, or O-NO2 varying with the attachment of different substituents. Results show that NTNMT-NHNO2, -NH2, -CN, and -NC derivatives have high detonation performance and good stability. In a word, the oxygen balance at about zero strategy in this work offers new routes for the improvement in properties and stabilities of energetic materials. In the present paper, several 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4 triazole (NTNMT) derivatives were designed. Their energetic properties, detonation performance, and sensitivity were studied at the B3LYP/6-31G** level of density functional theory (DFT) to seek for possible high energy density compounds (HEDCs). The different substituents have some changes in the influence on heat of formation (HOF), density ρ, detonation velocity D, detonation pressure P, detonation energy Q, and sensitivity. In a word, the oxygen balance at about zero strategy in this work offers new routes for the improvement in properties and stabilities of energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Zhang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang-Ling Chen
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Dong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Huang Y, Zhan LW, Zhang Q, Hou J, Li BD. Theoretical research on cage-like furazan-based energetic compounds and its derivatives. J Mol Model 2021; 27:243. [PMID: 34373949 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we reported the design and prediction of two furazan-based cage-like molecules and their derivatives using density function theory (DFT). The heat formation and detonation properties were calculated using Hess's law and Kamlet-Jacobs equations with the B3PW91 method. The molecular stability and geometry were analyzed using the M06-2X method, and molecular crystal structures were predicted based on Monte Carlo simulation, while chemical reactive sites were judged using the PBE0 method based on Fukui function. The theoretical calculation result proved that the designed molecules exhibit ideal symmetric cage-like geometry and show superior physicochemical and detonation properties. Compared with traditional energetic materials, the designed molecules display more positive solid heat formation and lower sensitivity. The designed molecules could be considered promising high energy density material candidates with potential synthesis and application value. Two designed molecules display superior detonation performance and ideal completely symmetric cage-like geometry, which were proved theoretically as a promising HEDM candidate. A series of derivatives also exhibited excellent crystal density and physicochemical properties, while with more stable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Le-Wu Zhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Bin-Dong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Li BT, Jiang JJ, Li LL, Peng J. Thermal stability and detonation character of nitroso-substituted derivatives of cubane. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1834157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Peng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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Khan RU, Zhu W. Computer-aided design and property prediction of novel insensitive high-energy heterocycle-substituted derivatives of cage NNNAHP. J Mol Model 2020; 26:239. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sysolyatin SV, Paromov AE. Synthesis of Functional 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Dinitroimidazolidines. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Sysolyatin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Nitrogen CompoundsInstitute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic TechnologiesSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS) Biysk 659322 Altai Krai Russia
| | - Artyom E. Paromov
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Nitrogen CompoundsInstitute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic TechnologiesSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS) Biysk 659322 Altai Krai Russia
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Paromov AE, Sysolyatin SV, Shchurova IА, Rogova AI, Malykhin VV, Gatilov YV. Synthesis of oxaazaisowurtzitanes by condensation of 4-dimethylaminobenzenesulfonamide with glyoxal. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pu K, Wang L, Liu J, Zhong K. Theoretical design of bis-azole derivatives for energetic compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13185-13195. [PMID: 35492122 PMCID: PMC9051427 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis-azole derivatives are a new class of energetic materials with features that include high nitrogen content, high heat of formation (HOF), high detonation performance and insensitivity to external stimuli. In this paper, 599 new bis-azole compounds were designed in a high-throughput fashion using bis-azole molecules of high density and high thermal decomposition temperature as the basic structure, and high energy groups such as nitro (–NO2) and amino groups (–NH2) as substituents. The molecular geometry optimization and vibration frequency analysis were performed using the DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method. The calculation results show that none of bis-azole derivatives exhibit a virtual frequency. Additionally, the density, heat of formation and characteristic height (h50) of the above compounds were obtained. Detonation performances were predicted by the Kamlet–Jacobs equations, and their structures and performances were studied. Furthermore, correlations between the performance parameters and the parent structure of the molecule, the number of substituting group and configuration were summarized, revealing promising potential candidates for high-energy density materials (HEDMs). Bis-azole derivatives are a new class of energetic materials with features that include high nitrogen content, high heat of formation (HOF), high detonation performance and insensitivity to external stimuli.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Pu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP Mianyang 621999 China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP Mianyang 621999 China
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Luk′yanov OA, Parakhin VV, Shlykova NI, Dmitrienko AO, Melnikova EK, Kon'kova TS, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB. Energetic N-azidomethyl derivatives of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes series: CL-20 analogues having the highest enthalpy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel energetic components for rocket propellants, based on polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes, have been prepared with high enthalpies of formation that significantly exceed that of CL-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Luk′yanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Parakhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Nina I. Shlykova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Artem O. Dmitrienko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta K. Melnikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - Tatyana S. Kon'kova
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B. Meerov
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
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Li BT, Li LL, Li X. Computational study about the derivatives of pyrrole as high-energy-density compounds. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1655561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu S, Xiang D, Zhao X, Zhu W. Molecular design and property prediction of a series of novel cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine derivatives as high energy density compounds. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jafari M, Ghani K, Keshavarz MH, Derikvandy F. Assessing the Detonation Performance of New Tetrazole Base High Energy Density materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMalek-ashtar University of Technology Shahin-shahr Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Kamal Ghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMalek-ashtar University of Technology Shahin-shahr Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMalek-ashtar University of Technology Shahin-shahr Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Derikvandy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMalek-ashtar University of Technology Shahin-shahr Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Mathieu D. Sensitivity of Energetic Materials: Theoretical Relationships to Detonation Performance and Molecular Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu WJ, Chi WJ, Li QS, Ji JN, Li ZS. Strategy of improving the stability and detonation performance for energetic material by introducing the boron atoms. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Wei-Jie Chi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Jian-Nan Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
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Xin JF, He FF, Ding YH. Bottom-up design of high-energy-density molecules (N2CO)n (n = 2–8). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bottom-up strategy from an HEDM seed (i.e., cyc-N2CO) to novel oligomeric HEDMs was propsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-fan Xin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Fei-fei He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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