Temperature effects induced by NIR photo-stimulation within Ist and IInd optical biological windows of seed-mediated multi-shell nanoferrites

Different types of ferrite core-shell structures, namely CoFe₂O₄@CoFe₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄@Fe₃O₄, CoFe₂O₄@MnFe₂O₄, and CoFe₂O₄@MnFe₂O₄@ZnFe₂O₄, were prepared by the seed-mediated approach. We show that this synthetic methodology offers great and important flexibility in the engineering of multi-shell ferrite nanoparticles which can be further used in various advanced applications. This impressive tool can be used for particle size tuning of homo- and heterostructures through convenient control of the concentration of metal acetylacetonates without the necessity of changing synthetic parameters, i.e., temperature, time, and solvent. The contactless conversion of laser light within I^st (808 nm) and II^nd (1122 nm) biological optical windows was studied on the fabricated ferrite core-shell materials which showed promising heating effects that can be a basis of their practical exploitation in the biomedical field.

Hematobiochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Mediated Toxicity Induced by Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles in Rabbits

From the past few decades, attention towards the biological evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) has increased due to the persistent and extensive application of NPs in various fields, including biomedical science, modern industry, magnetic resonance imaging, and the construction of sensors. Therefore, in the current study, magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) nanoparticles (NFNPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their possible adverse effects in rabbits. The crystallinity of the synthesized NFNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The saturation magnetization (46.7 emug⁻¹) was measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and 0.35-tesla magnetron by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The adverse effects of NFNPs on blood biochemistry and histoarchitecture of the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, and heart of the rabbits were determined. A total of sixteen adult rabbits, healthy and free from any apparent infection, were blindly placed in two groups. The rabbits in group A served as control, while the rabbits in group B received a single dose (via ear vein) of NFNPs for ten days. The blood and visceral tissues were collected from each rabbit at days 5 and 10 of posttreatment. The results on blood and serum biochemistry profile indicated significant variation in hematological and serum biomarkers in NFNP-treated rabbits. The results showed an increased quantity of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant enzymes in treated rabbits. Various serum biochemical tests exhibited significantly higher concentrations of different liver function tests, kidney function tests, and cardiac biomarkers. Histopathologically, the liver showed congestion, edema, atrophy, and degeneration of hepatocytes. The kidneys exhibited hemorrhages, atrophy of renal tubule, degeneration, and necrosis of renal tubules, whereas coagulative necrosis, neutrophilic infiltration, and severe myocarditis were seen in different sections of the heart. The brain of the treated rabbits revealed necrosis of neurons, neuron atrophy, and microgliosis. In conclusion, the current study results indicated that the highest concentration of NPs induced adverse effects on multiple tissues of the rabbits.