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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Li F, Meng Y, Dong R, Yip S, Lan C, Kang X, Wang F, Chan KS, Ho JC. High-Performance Transparent Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on InGaZnO Superlattice Nanowire Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12042-12051. [PMID: 31580641 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the efficient photocarrier separation and collection coming from their distinctive band structures, superlattice nanowires (NWs) have great potential as active materials for high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this work, InGaZnO NWs with superlattice structure and controllable stoichiometry are obtained by ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Along the NW axial direction, perfect alternately stacking of InGaO(ZnO)4+ blocks and InO2- layers is observed to form a periodic layered structure. Strikingly, when configured into individual NW photodetectors, the Ga concentration is found to significantly influence the amount of oxygen vacancies and oxygen molecules adsorbed on the NW surface, which dictate the photoconducting properties of the NW channels. Based on the optimized Ga concentration (i.e., In1.8Ga1.8Zn2.4O7), the individual NW device exhibits an excellent responsivity of 1.95 × 105 A/W and external quantum efficiency of as high as 9.28 × 107% together with a rise time of 0.93 s and a decay time of 0.2 s for the ultraviolet (UV) photodetection. Besides, the obtained NWs can be fabricated into large-scale parallel arrays on glass substrates as well to achieve fully transparent UV photodetectors, where the performance is on the same level or even better than many transparent photodetectors with high performance. All the results discussed above demonstrate the great potential of InGaZnO superlattice NWs for next-generation advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - You Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Ruoting Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - SenPo Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- Centre for Functional Photonics , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Changyong Lan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Fengyun Wang
- College of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Kwok Sum Chan
- Centre for Functional Photonics , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- Centre for Functional Photonics , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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Hossain M, Kumar GS, Barimar Prabhava SN, Sheerin ED, McCloskey D, Acharya S, Rao KDM, Boland JJ. Transparent, Flexible Silicon Nanostructured Wire Networks with Seamless Junctions for High-Performance Photodetector Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4727-4735. [PMID: 29726674 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optically transparent photodetectors are crucial in next-generation optoelectronic applications including smart windows and transparent image sensors. Designing photodetectors with high transparency, photoresponsivity, and robust mechanical flexibility remains a significant challenge, as is managing the inevitable trade-off between high transparency and strong photoresponse. Here we report a scalable method to produce flexible crystalline Si nanostructured wire (NW) networks fabricated from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with seamless junctions and highly responsive porous Si segments that combine to deliver exceptional performance. These networks show high transparency (∼92% at 550 nm), broadband photodetection (350 to 950 nm) with excellent responsivity (25 A/W), optical response time (0.58 ms), and mechanical flexibility (1000 cycles). Temperature-dependent photocurrent measurements indicate the presence of localized electronic states in the porous Si segments, which play a crucial role in light harvesting and photocarrier generation. The scalable low-cost approach based on SOI has the potential to deliver new classes of flexible optoelectronic devices, including next-generation photodetectors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozakkar Hossain
- Technical Research Centre , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , India
| | - Gundam Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , India
| | - S N Barimar Prabhava
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Emmet D Sheerin
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - David McCloskey
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , India
| | - K D M Rao
- Technical Research Centre , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur , Kolkata - 700032 , India
| | - John J Boland
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) , Trinity College Dublin , College Green, Dublin 2 , Ireland
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Kiruthika S, Sow C, Kulkarni GU. Transparent and Flexible Supercapacitors with Networked Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701906. [PMID: 28834115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and flexible energy storage devices have received immense attention due to their suitability for innovative electronics and displays. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate devices with high storage capacity and high degree of transmittance. This study describes a simple process for fabrication of supercapacitors with ≈75% of visible transparency and areal capacitance of ≈3 mF cm-2 with high stability tested over 5000 cycles of charging and discharging. The electrodes consist of Au wire networks obtained by a simple crackle template method which are coated with MnO2 nanostructures by electrodeposition process. Importantly, the membrane separator itself is employed as substrate to bring in the desired transparency and light weight while additionally exploiting its porous nature in enhancing the interaction of electrolyte with the active material from both sides of the substrate, thereby enhancing the storage capacity. The method opens up new ways for fabricating transparent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiruthika
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and Thematic Unit of Excellence in Nanochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Chaitali Sow
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and Thematic Unit of Excellence in Nanochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - G U Kulkarni
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and Thematic Unit of Excellence in Nanochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, Bangalore, 560013, India
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Zheng Z, Gan L, Zhang J, Zhuge F, Zhai T. An Enhanced UV-Vis-NIR an d Flexible Photodetector Based on Electrospun ZnO Nanowire Array/PbS Quantum Dots Film Heterostructure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600316. [PMID: 28331785 PMCID: PMC5357981 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanostructure-based photodetectors have a wide applications in many aspects, however, the response range of which are mainly restricted in the UV region dictated by its bandgap. Herein, UV-vis-NIR sensitive ZnO photodetectors consisting of ZnO nanowires (NW) array/PbS quantum dots (QDs) heterostructures are fabricated through modified electrospining method and an exchanging process. Besides wider response region compared to pure ZnO NWs based photodetectors, the heterostructures based photodetectors have faster response and recovery speed in UV range. Moreover, such photodetectors demonstrate good flexibility as well, which maintain almost constant performances under extreme (up to 180°) and repeat (up to 200 cycles) bending conditions in UV-vis-NIR range. Finally, this strategy is further verified on other kinds of 1D nanowires and 0D QDs, and similar enhancement on the performance of corresponding photodetecetors can be acquired, evidencing the universality of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)Wuhan430074P. R. China
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Ghosh S, Basak D. A simple process step for tuning the optical emission and ultraviolet photosensing properties of sol–gel ZnO film. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An enhanced UV/VIS emission intensity ratio and UV photoresponse have been evidenced in the rapidly cooled sol–gel ZnO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvaraj Ghosh
- Department of Solid State Physics
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Durga Basak
- Department of Solid State Physics
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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