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Suriyanarayanan S, Mandal S, Ramanujam K, Nicholls IA. Smart bio-nano interface derived from zein protein as receptors for biotinyl moiety. Talanta 2023; 256:124298. [PMID: 36701858 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Proteinaceous, tunable nanostructures of zein (prolamine of corn) were developed as biotinyl-specific receptors using a molecular imprinting technique. Sacrificial templates, such as latex beads (LB3) and anodized alumina membrane (AAM), have been used to control nanostructural patterns in biotin-imprinted zein (BMZ). Briefly, a methanolic solution of the zein-biotin complex was drop cast upon a self-organized LB3 and AAM templates on Au/quartz surfaces. Subsequent dissolution of these sacrificial templates affords highly oriented, predetermined, and uniformly grown hyperporous (300 nm) and nanowires (150 nm) motifs of zein (BMZ-LB3 and BMZ-AAM), as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Selective extraction of biotin molecular template cast-off site-selective biotin imprints within these zein nanostructures complementary to biotinyl moieties. Alternatively, biotin-imprinted zein nanoparticles (BMZ-Np) and thin film (BMZ-MeOH) were prepared by coacervation and drop casting methods, respectively. Density functional theoretical (DFT) studies reveal strong hydrogen-bonded interaction of biotin with serine and glutamine residues of zein. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies show remarkable sensitivity of the hyperporous-BMZ-LB3 and nanowires of BMZ-AAM towards biotin derivative (biotin methyl ester) by five (24.75 ± 1.34 Hz/mM) and four (18.19 ± 0.75 Hz/mM) times, respectively, higher than the BMZ-MeOH. Enhanced permeability features of the zein nanostructures, when templated with LB3, enable the QCM detection of biotin- or its derivatives down to 12.9 ng mL-1 from dairy products (Kefir). The outcome of this study shall be a key aspect in interfacing biological materials with micro-/nano-sensors and electronic devices for detecting pertinent analytes using sustainably developed biopolymer-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Suriyanarayanan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
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The role and the place of ionic liquids in molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors development for sensitive drug assay. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Liu H, Jin P, Zhu F, Nie L, Qiu H. A review on the use of ionic liquids in preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers for applications in solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun Y, Feng X, Hu J, Bo S, Zhang J, Wang W, Li S, Yang Y. Preparation of hemoglobin (Hb)-imprinted poly(ionic liquid)s via Hb-catalyzed eATRP on gold nanodendrites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:983-991. [PMID: 31848668 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb)-imprinted poly(ionic liquid)s (HIPILs) were prepared on the surface of Au electrode modified with gold nanodendrites (Au/ND/HIPILs). HIPILs were synthesized with 1-vinyl-3-propyl imidazole sulfonate ionic liquids as functional monomers via electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) catalyzed by Hb. The Au/ND/HIPILs electrode was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Au/ND/HIPILs electrode was also used as an electrochemical sensor to determine Hb by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimal conditions, the detection range of Hb was from 1.0 × 10-14 to 1.0 × 10-4 mg/mL with a limit of detection of 5.22 × 10-15 mg/mL (S/N = 3). Compared with other methods, the sensor based on poly(ionic liquid)s had the broader linear range and lower detection limit. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuewei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
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Integrating ionic liquids with molecular imprinting technology for biorecognition and biosensing: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 149:111830. [PMID: 31710919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As promising alternatives to natural receptors, artificial molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have received great attention in biotechnology. Nevertheless, some bottlenecks limit their further development, including low adsorption capacity, poor recognition efficiency, slow response, and insipid aqueous compatibility. Ionic liquids (ILs) show the features of tailored structures and properties, high conductivity, good solubility, and excellent stability. Because of these advantages, they have found intensive use in MIPs by remedying the latter's shortcomings. In this review, we summarize the integration of ILs and MIPs for biorecognition and biosensing. The versatile roles of ILs in improving the performance of MIPs are firstly summarized, including serving as solvents, porogens, functional monomers, organic surface modifiers, dummy templates, and cross-linkers. Then, specific applications of IL-based MIPs in peptide recognition, protein sensing, and food safety analysis are discussed. Finally, future trends and challenges for the design and development of IL-based MIPs and their applications in the biorecognition and biosensing are proposed.
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6
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Adsorption-selectivity customization and competitive adsorption of tryptamine-based mixed-mode chromatography. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Ansari S, Masoum S. Molecularly imprinted polymers for capturing and sensing proteins: Current progress and future implications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alizadeh N, Salimi A. Ultrasensitive Bioaffinity Electrochemical Sensors: Advances and New Perspectives. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Alizadeh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kurdistan 66177-15175 Sanandaj Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kurdistan 66177-15175 Sanandaj Iran
- Research Center for NanotechnologyUniversity of Kurdistan 66177-15175 Sanandaj Iran
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Xu W, Dai Q, Wang Y, Hu X, Xu P, Ni R, Meng J. Creating magnetic ionic liquid-molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of lysozyme. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21850-21856. [PMID: 35541737 PMCID: PMC9081177 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03818j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel magnetic (Fe3O4) surface molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on ionic liquid (IL) (Fe3O4@VTEO@IL-MIPs) was prepared for the selective extraction of lysozyme (Lys). As the functional monomer of the MIPs, an imidazolium-based IL with vinyl groups was prepared. It can provide multiple interactions with template molecules. The amount of IL was optimized (200 mg). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the MIP. The results indicate the successful formation of an imprinting polymer layer. The concentration of Lys in the supernatant was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 280 nm. The maximum adsorption capability of the MIP is 213.7 mg g-1 and the imprinting factor (IF) is 2.02. It took 2.5 h for the MIP to attain adsorption equilibrium. The structure of the protein was evaluated using circular dichroism (CD) spectra and UV-visible spectra. The adsorption performance was further investigated in detail by selective adsorption experiments, competitive rebinding tests, and reusability and stability experiments. Furthermore, it was utilized to separate the template protein from a mixture of proteins and real samples successfully because of the high adsorption capacity for Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
| | - Qingzhou Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University Changsha 410219 P. R. China
| | - Panli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
| | - Rui Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
| | - Jiaojiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China +86-731-88821848 +86-731-88821903
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Viveiros R, Rebocho S, Casimiro T. Green Strategies for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Development. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E306. [PMID: 30966341 PMCID: PMC6415187 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a powerful technology to create artificial receptors within polymeric matrices. Although it was reported for the first time by Polyakov, eighty-four years ago, it remains, nowadays, a very challenging research area. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been successfully used in several applications where selective binding is a requirement, such as immunoassays, affinity separation, sensors, and catalysis. Conventional methods used on MIP production still use large amounts of organic solvents which, allied with stricter legislation on the use and release of chemicals to the environment and the presence of impurities on final materials, will boost, in our opinion, the use of new cleaner synthetic strategies, in particular, with the application of the principles of green chemistry and engineering. Supercritical carbon dioxide, microwave, ionic liquids, and ultrasound technology are some of the green strategies which have already been applied in MIP production. These strategies can improve MIP properties, such as controlled morphology, homogeneity of the binding sites, and the absence of organic solvents. This review intends to give examples reported in literature on green approaches to MIP development, from nano- to micron-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Viveiros
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Rebocho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Casimiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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11
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Zhu X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhai Y, Wang H, Liu L, Hu J, Li L. A new composite of graphene and molecularly imprinted polymer based on ionic liquids as functional monomer and cross-linker for electrochemical sensing 6-benzylaminopurine. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 108:38-45. [PMID: 29499557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers prepared using traditional functional monomers and cross-linkers exhibit slow binding kinetics, low electrocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity. Herein, we report a new composite of ionic liquid-based graphene and molecularly imprinted polymer (IL-GR-MIP) with high electrocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity to construct an effective electrochemical sensor for 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP). Our objective was to enhance the efficiency of the sensor by incorporating more IL in the MIP framework. We synthesized IL-GR-MIP using ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL1) as functional monomer, ionic liquid 1,4-butanediyl-3,3'-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide (IL2) as cross-linker, 6-BAP as template, and GR as supporter. IL-GR-MIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Compared with GR-MIP composites based on methacrylic acid or IL1 as functional monomer, N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, the IL-GR-MIP (prepared with ionic liquids as functional monomer and cross-linker) sensor exhibited highest peak current for 6-BAP. The results indicate the ability of IL2 as cross-linker to enhance electrocatalytic activity and adsorption capacity for 6-BAP of IL-GR-MIP. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current of IL-GR-MIP sensor was linear to 6-BAP concentration in the range of 0.5-50 μM with a detection limit of 0.2 μM (S/N = 3). The IL-GR-MIP sensor exhibited good selectivity with the anti-interference ability of 1000-fold ascorbic acid in 6-BAP determination. Furthermore, we demonstrated practical applicability of IL-GR-MIP sensor in detecting 6-BAP in real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, PR China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Yanbo Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
| | - Zulei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Yunyun Zhai
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Hailong Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Lingyu Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, PR China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, PR China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
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12
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Wu X, Du J, Li M, Wu L, Han C, Su F. Recent advances in green reagents for molecularly imprinted polymers. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made materials with special binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Changzhi University
- Changzhi 046011
- China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Department of Medical Information
- Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Changzhi University
- Changzhi 046011
- China
| | - Lintao Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Changzhi University
- Changzhi 046011
- China
| | - Chun Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Changzhi University
- Changzhi 046011
- China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Changzhi University
- Changzhi 046011
- China
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Dai Q, Wang Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Adsorption and specific recognition of DNA by using imprinted polymer layers grafted onto ionic liquid functionalized magnetic microspheres. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pathak A, Parveen S, Gupta BD. Ultrasensitive, highly selective, and real-time detection of protein using functionalized CNTs as MIP platform for FOSPR-based biosensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:355503. [PMID: 28617674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa79e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach is presented for the detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA), based on fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FOSPR) combined with molecular imprinting (MI). The probe is fabricated by exploiting the plasmonic property of silver thin film and vinyl-functionalised carbon nanotube-based MIP platform. BSA template molecules are imprinted on the MIP layer coated over multi-walled carbon nanotubes to ensure high specificity of the probe in the interfering environments. In addition, FOSPR endorses the sensor capability of real-time and remote sensing along with very high sensitivity due to the use of nanostructured MI platform. The response of the probe is considered in terms of the absorbance spectrum recorded for various concentrations of BSA. The sensor shows a wide dynamic range of 0-350 ng l-1 with a considerably linear response up to 100 ng l-1 in the peak absorbance wavelength with BSA concentration. A highest sensitivity of 0.862 nm per ng l-1 is achieved for the lowest concentration of BSA and it decreases with the increase in BSA concentration. The performance of the present sensor is compared with those reported in the literature in terms of the limit of detection. It is found that the probe possesses a lowest LOD of 0.386 ng l-1 in addition to other advantages such as real-time online monitoring, high sensitivity, high specificity, and remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Pathak
- Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
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Yoshikawa M, Tharpa K, Dima ŞO. Molecularly Imprinted Membranes: Past, Present, and Future. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11500-11528. [PMID: 27610706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 years ago, artificial materials with molecular recognition sites emerged. The application of molecular imprinting to membrane separation has been studied since 1962. Especially after 1990, such research has been intensively conducted by membranologists and molecular imprinters to understand the advantages of each technique with the aim of constructing an ideal membrane, which is still an active area of research. The present review aims to be a substantial, comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and general-interest review, placed at the cross section of two broad, interconnected, practical, and extremely dynamic fields, namely, the fields of membrane separation and molecularly imprinted polymers. This review describes the recent discoveries that appeared after repeated and fertile collisions between these two fields in the past three years, to which are added the worthy acknowledgments of pioneering discoveries and a look into the future of molecularly imprinted membranes. The review begins with a general introduction in membrane separation, followed by a short theoretical section regarding the basic principles of mass transport through a membrane. Following these general aspects on membrane separation, two principles of obtaining polymeric materials with molecular recognition properties are reviewed, namely, molecular imprinting and alternative molecular imprinting, followed the methods of obtaining and practical applications for the particular case of molecularly imprinted membranes. The review continues with insights into molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes as a promising, highly optimized type of membrane that could provide a relatively high throughput without a simultaneous unwanted reduction in permselectivity. Finally, potential applications of molecularly imprinted membranes in a variety of fields are highlighted, and a look into the future of membrane separations is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kalsang Tharpa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri , Mysore 570 006, India
| | - Ştefan-Ovidiu Dima
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest , 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.,Bioresources Department, INCDCP-ICECHIM Bucharest , 202 Splaiul Independentei, CP 35-174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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