Insights into the synergistic effect of active centers over ZnMg/SBA-15 catalysts in direct synthesis of butadiene from ethanol

Functionalized catalysts with multiple active centers have been studied for direct conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB).

The Support Effects on the Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohol Synthesis over Copper-Based Catalysts

The types of supports employed profoundly influence the physicochemical properties and performances of as-prepared catalysts in almost all catalytic systems. Herein, Cu catalysts, with different supports (SiO2, Al2O3), were prepared by a facile impregnation method and used for the direct synthesis of higher alcohols from CO hydrogenation. The prepared catalysts were characterized using multiple techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption, H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), etc. Compared to the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst, the Cu/SiO2 catalyst easily promoted the formation of a higher amount of C1 oxygenate species on the surface, which is closely related to the formation of higher alcohols. Simultaneously, the Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/SiO2 catalysts showed obvious differences in the CO conversion, alcohol distribution, and CO2 selectivity, which were probably originated from differences in the structural and physicochemical properties, such as the types of copper species, the reduction behaviors, acidity, and electronic properties. Besides, it was also found that the gap in performances in two kinds of catalysts with the different supports could be narrowed by the addition of potassium because of its neutralization to surface acidy of Al2O3 and the creation of new basic sites, as well as the alteration of electronic properties.

Direct synthesis of isobutyraldehyde from methanol and ethanol on Cu–Mg/Ti-SBA-15 catalysts: the role of Ti

An increase in the Ti content significantly improves catalyst durability due to its effect on Cu dispersion and the basicity of the catalyst.