1
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Shahid M, Muthuraja P, Gopinath P. Substituent-controlled regioselective arylation of carbazoles using dual catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:753-758. [PMID: 38165787 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective arylation of carbazoles is reported using dual palladium-photoredox catalysis. Controlled monoarylation and diarylation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbazoles were achieved under mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Steric and electronic control the regioselectivity of the arylation of unsymmetrical carbazoles. Late-stage functionalization of a caprofen drug derivative and large-scale synthesis of mono- and di-arylated carbazoles were demonstrated to showcase the synthetic versatility of the method. Finally, we also showcased the synthesis of hyellazole analogues (a marine alkaloid) in a short route using our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Perumal Muthuraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
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2
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Shahid M, Punnya AJ, Babu SS, Sarkar S, Gopinath P. Dual Palladium-Photoredox-Mediated Regioselective Acylation of Carbazoles and Indolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13686-13698. [PMID: 37767971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We have described a dual palladium-photoredox-catalyzed highly regioselective acylation of carbazoles and indolines using molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Late-stage functionalization of a carprofen drug derivative, further manipulation of products, and gram-scale synthesis of the acylated products were illustrated to show the versatility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - A J Punnya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Sakamuri Sarath Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
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3
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Gao J, Song Q, Zhang L, Shao J, Wang B, Iqbal A, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C, Zhang Y. Pd-Catalyzed C-7 Arylation of Indolines with Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11056-11068. [PMID: 37462323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of indolines at C-7 position has been achieved at near-ambient temperature. The reaction was carried out with aryltriazene as a stable aryl source and electron shuttle to sustainably release aryl radical in situ under the action of promoter, and pyrimidine as a detachable directing group for the synthesis of 7-arylindolines under oxidant- and ligand-free conditions. Notably, this catalytic system can also be applied to the direct and site-selective arylation of tetrahydroquinolines (C-8) and carbazoles (C-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Qinglang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
- College of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
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4
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Xiao EK, Wu XT, Ma F, Miao LW, Jiang YJ, Chen P. Iron-catalyzed alkylation of carbazole derivatives via hydroarylation of styrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7148-7151. [PMID: 34184010 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first direct and selective 3,6-di-alkylation of carbazoles via iron-catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes is demonstrated. This simple, general and efficient method could deliver a wide range of di-benzyl-carbazoles with high chemo- and regio-selectivity at room temperature in up to 96% yield with no need for a noble-metal catalyst, directing group or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Kai Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Tao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Le-Wei Miao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
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5
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Wu XT, Xiao EK, Ma F, Yin J, Wang J, Chen P, Jiang YJ. Substrate-Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Fluoroacylated Carbazoles via Friedel-Crafts Acylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6734-6743. [PMID: 33852307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A general, efficient, and substrate-controlled regiodivergent trifluoroacetylation of carbazoles has been developed through Friedel-Crafts acylation. This strategy was applicable to a wide scope of readily available substituted carbazoles at air atmosphere without using a metal catalyst, affording the corresponding trifluoroacetylated carbazoles in up to 99% yield. The divergency of the products and the orientation rules have been illustrated based on different substituents on carbazole rings. This method could also be extended to the synthesis of chlorodifluoroacetylated and pentafluoropropionylated carbazoles, which have been achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Tao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Kai Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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6
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Qi ZC, Lou QX, Niu Y, Yang SD. Temporary (P[double bond, length as m-dash]O) directing group enabled carbazole ortho arylation via palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2021-2024. [PMID: 33506237 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed, temporary P(O) directing group assisted C-H bond arylation of carbazoles was achieved. The release of the directing group occurs spontaneously in the reaction and the mechanistic studies indicate that acid is essential for N-P bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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7
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Kumar RU, Dileep K, Reddy KHV, Nageswar Y. Cu(OAc)2-Promoted Thiolation and Selenylation of C(sp2)-H Bonds Using a 2-Amino Oxazole Directing Group. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180627111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed thiolation or selenylation of aryl C-H bonds with diaryl disulfides and
diphenyl diselenides was accomplished using a readily removable directing group. This protocol represents
a convenient route for the formation of valuable diaryl sulfides or diphenyl selenides. This simple
method gives a variety of functionalized diphenyl sulfides or diphenyl selenides in moderate to good
yields in a simple and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Uday Kumar
- Discovery Lab, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kommula Dileep
- Discovery Lab, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K. Harsha Vardhan Reddy
- Discovery Lab, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Y.V.D. Nageswar
- Discovery Lab, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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8
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Li Y, Zou L, Bai R, Lan Y. Ni(i)–Ni(iii) vs. Ni(ii)–Ni(iv): mechanistic study of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT investigations into the mechanism of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides are reported. Computational results show that the Ni(ii)–Ni(iv) catalytic cycle is favorable; meanwhile, the oxidative addition of alkylbromide forms a Ni(iv) intermediate and is the rate-determining step of the whole catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | | | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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9
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Nareddy P, Jordan F, Szostak M. Recent Developments in Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Arylation: Array of Mechanistic Manifolds. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Nareddy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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10
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Leitch JA, Bhonoah Y, Frost CG. Beyond C2 and C3: Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Indole. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Yunas Bhonoah
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42
6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. Frost
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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