1
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Guo D, Wei Y, Zybin SV, Liu Y, Huang F, Goddard WA. Detonation Performance of Insensitive Nitrogen-Rich Nitroenamine Energetic Materials Predicted from First-Principles Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. JACS AU 2024; 4:1605-1614. [PMID: 38665641 PMCID: PMC11040668 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of the excellent combination of high detonation and low sensitivity properties of the 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) energetic material (EM), it is useful to explore new energetic derivatives that start with the FOX-7 structure. However, most such derivatives are highly sensitive, making them unsuitable for EM applications. An exception is the new nitroenamine EM, 1,1-diamino-2-tetrazole-2-nitroethene (FOX-7-T) (synthesized by replacing a nitro group with a tetrazole ring), which exhibits good stability. Unfortunately, FOX-7-T shows an unexpected much lower detonation performance than FOX-7, despite its higher nitrogen content. To achieve an atomistic understanding of the insensitivity and detonation performance of FOX-7 and FOX-7-T, we carried out reactive molecular dynamics (RxMD) using the ReaxFF reactive force field and combined quantum mechanics MD (QM-MD). We found that the functional group plays a significant role in the initial decomposition reaction. For FOX-7, the initial decomposition involves only simple hydrogen transfer reactions at high temperature, whereas for FOX-7-T, the initial reaction begins at much lower temperature with a tetrazole ring breaking to form N2, followed by many subsequent reactions. Our first-principles-based simulations predicted that FOX-7-T has 34% lower CJ pressure, 15% lower detonation velocity, and 45% lower CJ temperature than FOX-7. This is partly because a larger portion of the FOX-7-T mass gets trapped into condensed phase carbon clusters at the CJ point, suppressing generation of gaseous CO2 and N2 final products, leading to reduced energy delivery. Our findings suggest that the oxygen balance is an important factor to be considered in the design of the next generation of high-nitrogen-containing EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sergey V. Zybin
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Bachir N, Kenouche S, Martínez-Araya JI. The effect of {O,N}=X⋯M={Ti,Zr,Hf} interactions on the sensitivity of CNO 2 trigger bonds in FOX-7: Approach based on the QTAIM/EDA-NOCV analysis. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108645. [PMID: 37812869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The local chemical reactivity of FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-nitroethylene, also known as DADNE from DiAminoDiNitroEthylene) was elucidated through a quantitative study of the electrostatic potential on the molecular surface, topological analysis based on Bader's theory, and the EDA-NOCV method. Unlike (O2N)2CC(NH2)H2N⋯Cp2MCH3+ complexes, which exhibit both σ-donor and π-acceptor features, the situation is different concerning the (H2N)2CC(NO2)(O)NO⋯Cp2MCH3+ complexes, where both charge transfers correspond to the σ-donation. The two charge transfers reinforce each other, resulting in increased stability for (H2N)2CC(NO2)(O)NO⋯Cp2MCH3+. This seems to strengthen the (H2N)2CC(NO2)(O)NO⋯M={Ti,Zr,Hf} bond, which may explain the high stability of (H2N)2CC(NO2)(O)NO⋯Cp2MCH3+ compared to (O2N)2CC(NH2)-H2N⋯Cp2MCH3+. Results from topological analysis revealed that the decreased sensitivity to decomposition of CNO2 bonds depends on the chemical nature of the interacting metal, and the best achievements are obtained for the Hf-based complex. Our results demonstrate that the interaction of M={Ti,Zr,Hf} with CNO2 is more favourable than that with CNH2, this specific action on the trigger bond may support the use of Metallocene Methyl Cations (MMC) as possible neutralisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Bachir
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory (LCA). University M. Khider of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory (LCA). University M. Khider of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Jorge I Martínez-Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), Av. República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile.
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Šimková L, Klíma J, Lušpai K, Malček M, Rockenbauer A. In situ simultaneous electrochemical ESR study of radicals generated from 2,2-dinitroethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7). Intramolecular chemical exchange resulting in an alternation line-width effect. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 323:106895. [PMID: 33429171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecule of 2,2-dinitroethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) is one of the most interesting molecules with multiple redox centres stabilized by push-pull effect. To reveal the detailed mechanism of its electrochemical process radical intermediates formed in the course of its electrochemical reduction in organic aprotic media have been studied by in situ simultaneous electrochemical ESR measurements (SEESR). The radical generated on the second reduction step possesses an alternating line-width (AL) effect in the ESR spectra as a result of intramolecular dynamic processes in the timescale of ESR splitting constants. The spectra measured at different temperatures (230-335 K) were analysed with the help of a fitting program which includes a molecular dynamics. Observed dynamics describes well an asymmetric 2-site exchange model for the whole temperature range. With help of the optimized parameters and quantum chemical calculations this radical has been identified as 2,2-dinitroethane-1-amine-1-imine radical dianion, [(H2N)(HN)C=C(NO2)2]2-. The dynamic process responsible for the AL effect consists of mutual turning (changing of dihedral angle) of the both nitro groups, resulting in an intramolecular spin-density (electron) transfer. The dynamic parameters of the process have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Šimková
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klíma
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Lušpai
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Michal Malček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Yin Z, Dong Y, Zeng Z, Huang W, Tang Y. Crystal structures and properties of high-nitrogen energetic salts based on ( Z)-1,1-diamino-2-nitro-2-(1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Forming hydrogen bond interactions between a nitro group (Tz-FOX), a tetrazole moiety (Tz-FOX), and amino groups (G, AG, and TAG) led to three nitrogen-rich energetic salts (2, 3, and 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yaqun Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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6
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Gudkova IY, Zyuzin IN, Lempert DB. The Energy Capabilities of New Derivatives of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as Components of Solid Composite Propellants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Šimková L, Ludvík J. Electrochemically triggered degradation of energetic material FOX‐7 (2,2‐dinitroethene‐1,1‐diamine) — Structural, redox, and spectrometric characterization in solution. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Šimková
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Czech Academy of SciencesJ. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Ludvík
- Department of Molecular Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Czech Academy of SciencesJ. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Prague Czech Republic
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8
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Jadhav PM, Sarangapani R, Patil RS, Pandey RK. Process Optimization, Product Profile Mapping, and Intensification of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurang M. Jadhav
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411021, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Campus, Pune 411008, India
| | | | | | - Raj K. Pandey
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411021, India
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9
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Huang Q, Ma Y, Guo Z, Liao L, Hao S, Nie F, Li H. An Unexpected Method to Synthesize Fluorinated Derivative of ANPZ. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang, Sichuan 621010 China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Sichuan Co–Innovation Center for New Energetic MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang, Sichuan 621010 China
| | - Longyu Liao
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Shilong Hao
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Fude Nie
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 China
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10
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Xu Y, Li D, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. From BTO2− to HBTO− insensitive energetic salt: a route to boost energy. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy was utilized to boost the detonation performance of insensitive energetic salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Dongxue Li
- China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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11
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Yan C, Cheng G, Wang K, Liu T, Jin Y, Yang H, Zhang Q. Exploring the reactive chemistry of FOX-7: synthesis of cyclic triazinane-based energetic materials featuring the FOX-7 backbone. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected derivatization reaction of FOX-7 affords three cyclic triazinane-based energetic compounds featuring the FOX-7 backbone, which enriches the exciting reactive chemistry of FOX-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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12
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Yan C, Qi X, Wang K, Jin Y, Cheng G, Liu T, Yang H, Zhang Q. Revisiting the reactive chemistry of FOX-7: cyclization of FOX-7 affords the fused-ring polynitro compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3497-3500. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new FOX-7 derivatization strategy was developed to synthesize fused-ring and cyclic polynitro compounds, which enriches the unpredictable reactive chemistry of FOX-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
- School of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- China
- School of Chemical Engineering
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13
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Six new complexes constructed from silver(I) and 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazacyclopentane (DNDZ): Synthesis, crystal structure and properties. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Frumkin AE, Yudin NV, Suponitsky KY, Sheremetev AB. 1-Amino-1-hydroxyamino-2,2-dinitroethene: novel insights in chemistry of FOX-7. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Feng Z, Xu K, Song J, Zhao F. Four new energetic complexes constructed from nickel(II) and 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazacyclopentane: synthesis, characterization and thermal properties. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Yan C, Yang H, Qi X, Jin Y, Wang K, Liu T, Tian J, Nie F, Cheng G, Zhang Q. A simple and versatile strategy for taming FOX-7. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9333-9336. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivatization strategy was developed for the exciting reactive chemistry of FOX-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Kangcai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Junjun Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Fude Nie
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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17
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Dorofeeva OV, Ryzhova ON, Suchkova TA. Enthalpies of Formation of Hydrazine and Its Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Dorofeeva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oxana N. Ryzhova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Taisiya A. Suchkova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Axthammer QJ, Krumm B, Klapötke TM. The Exciting Chemistry of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene and 1-Amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitroethene. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3567-3579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin J. Axthammer
- Department of Chemistry,
Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5−13 (D), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department of Chemistry,
Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5−13 (D), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry,
Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5−13 (D), 81377 Munich, Germany
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19
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Zhou T, Li Y, Xu K, Song J, Zhao F. The new role of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7): two unexpected reactions. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two unexpected reactions of FOX-7 were studied. The reaction to form MNTzA is unusual among the syntheses of 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
| | - Jirong Song
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
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20
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Trache D, Klapötke TM, Maiz L, Abd-Elghany M, DeLuca LT. Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2017; 19:4711-4736. [DOI: 10.1039/c7gc01928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the synthesis and modification of green oxidizers and their application in solid rocket propellant formulations during these last few decades are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalal Trache
- UER Procédés Energétiques
- Ecole Militaire Polytechnique
- Algiers
- Algeria
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Energetic Materials Research
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilian University
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Lotfi Maiz
- UER Procédés Energétiques
- Ecole Militaire Polytechnique
- Algiers
- Algeria
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elghany
- Energetic Materials Research
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilian University
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Luigi T. DeLuca
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (Retired Professor)
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
- School of Chemical Engineering (Visiting Professor)
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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