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Kim JY, Jang H, Lee YR, Kim K, Suleiman HO, Park CS, Shin BJ, Jung EY, Tae HS. Nanostructured Polyaniline Films Functionalized through Auxiliary Nitrogen Addition in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071626. [PMID: 37050242 PMCID: PMC10096981 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized from liquid aniline, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, through the atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma process using a newly designed plasma jet array with wide spacing between plasma jets. To expand the area of the polymerized film, the newly proposed plasma jet array comprises three AP plasma jet devices spaced 7 mm apart in a triangular configuration and an electrodeless quartz tube capable of applying auxiliary gas in the center of the triangular plasma jets. The vaporized aniline monomer was synthesized into a PANI film using the proposed plasma array device. The effects of nitrogen gas addition on the morphological, chemical, and electrical properties of PANI films in AP argon plasma polymerization were examined. The iodine-doped PANI film was isolated from the atmosphere through encapsulation. The constant electrical resistance of the PANI film indicates that the conductive PANI film can achieve the desired resistance by controlling the atmospheric exposure time through encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rin Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmin Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeeb Olaitan Suleiman
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Milligan University, Johnson City, TN 37682, USA
| | - Bhum Jae Shin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- The Institute of Electronic Technology, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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2
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Goswami S, Nandy S, Fortunato E, Martins R. Polyaniline and its composites engineering: A class of multifunctional smart energy materials. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Kim JY, Jang HJ, Bae GT, Park CS, Jung EY, Tae HS. Improvement of Nanostructured Polythiophene Film Uniformity Using a Cruciform Electrode and Substrate Rotation in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:32. [PMID: 35009982 PMCID: PMC8746814 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization, increasing the effective volume of the plasma medium by expanding the plasma-generating region within the plasma reactor is considered a simple method to create regular and uniform polymer films. Here, we propose a newly designed AP plasma reactor with a cruciform wire electrode that can expand the discharge volume. Based on the plasma vessel configuration, which consists of a wide tube and a substrate stand, two tungsten wires crossed at 90 degrees are used as a common powered electrode in consideration of two-dimensional spatial expansion. In the wire electrode, which is partially covered by a glass capillary, discharge occurs at the boundary where the capillary terminates, so that the discharge region is divided into fourths along the cruciform electrode and the discharge volume can successfully expand. It is confirmed that although a discharge imbalance in the four regions of the AP plasma reactor can adversely affect the uniformity of the polymerized, nanostructured polymer film, rotating the substrate using a turntable can significantly improve the film uniformity. With this AP plasma reactor, nanostructured polythiophene (PTh) films are synthesized and the morphology and chemical properties of the PTh nanostructure, as well as the PTh-film uniformity and electrical properties, are investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (H.J.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Hyo Jun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (H.J.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Gyu Tae Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (H.J.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (H.J.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (H.J.J.); (G.T.B.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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4
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Chakraborty A, Jasieniak M, Coad BR, Griesser HJ. Candida albicans Can Survive Antifungal Surface Coatings on Surfaces with Microcone Topography. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7769-7778. [PMID: 35006760 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the ability of Candida albicans, a medically significant human fungal pathogen, to minimize contact with an antifungal surface coating that on a flat surface is lethal on contact by growing on and between micron-sized surface topographical features, thus minimizing the contact area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cells contacting the "floor" between microcones were killed, whereas cells attached to microcones survived and formed hyphal filaments. These spanned space between cones and avoided contact with the flat surface in-between cones. Thus, fungal cells managed to attach and grow despite the antifungal coating. This ability of Candida albicans to exploit topography features to minimize surface contact yet utilize the solid surface for anchoring reduces the effectiveness of the grafted antifungal surface coating. This suggests that biomedical devices with rough surfaces might be more challenging to protect against fungal biofilm formation via application of an antifungal coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Chakraborty
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Marek Jasieniak
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Bryan R Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Hans J Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Improvement of the Uniformity and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Film by Addition of Auxiliary Gases during Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092315. [PMID: 34578629 PMCID: PMC8470507 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and chemical properties of polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite films after adding small amounts of auxiliary gases such as argon, nitrogen, and oxygen during atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization are investigated in detail. A separate gas-supply line for applying an auxiliary gas is added to the AP plasma polymerization system to avoid plasma instability due to the addition of auxiliary gas during polymerization. A small amount of neutral gas species in the plasma medium can reduce the reactivity of monomers hyperactivated by high plasma energy and prevent excessive crosslinking, thereby obtaining a uniform and regular PANI nanocomposite film. The addition of small amounts of argon or nitrogen during polymerization significantly improves the uniformity and regularity of PANI nanocomposite films, whereas the addition of oxygen weakens them. In particular, the PANI film synthesized by adding a small amount of nitrogen has the best initial electrical resistance and resistance changing behavior with time after the ex situ iodine (I2)-doping process compared with other auxiliary gases. In addition, it is experimentally demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of the ex situ I2-doped PANI film can be preserved for a long time by isolating it from the atmosphere.
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In-Situ Iodine Doping Characteristics of Conductive Polyaniline Film Polymerized by Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030418. [PMID: 33525506 PMCID: PMC7866091 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In-situ iodine (I2)-doped atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization is proposed, based on a newly designed AP plasma reactor with a single wire electrode that enables low-voltage-driven plasma polymerization. The proposed AP plasma reactor can proceed plasma polymerization at low voltage levels, thereby enabling an effective in-situ I2 doping process by maintaining a stable glow discharge state even if the applied voltage increases due to the use of a discharge gas containing a large amount of monomer vapors and doping materials. The results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) show that the polyaniline (PANI) films are successfully deposited on the silicon (Si) substrates, and that the crosslinking pattern of the synthesized nanoparticles is predominantly vertically aligned. In addition, the in-situ I2-doped PANI film fabricated by the proposed AP plasma reactor exhibits excellent electrical resistance without electrical aging behavior. The developed AP plasma reactor proposed in this study is more advantageous for the polymerization and in-situ I2 doping of conductive polymer films than the existing AP plasma reactor with a dielectric barrier.
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Golba S, Popczyk M, Miga S, Jurek-Suliga J, Zubko M, Kubisztal J, Balin K. Impact of Acidity Profile on Nascent Polyaniline in the Modified Rapid Mixing Process-Material Electrical Conductivity and Morphological Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225108. [PMID: 33198345 PMCID: PMC7696557 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized chemically with the modified rapid mixing protocol in the presence of sulfuric acid of various concentrations. A two-step synthetic procedure was utilized maintaining low-temperature conditions. Application of the modified rapid mixing protocol allowed obtaining a material with local ordering. A higher concentration of acid allowed obtaining a higher yield of the reaction. Structural characterization performed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the vibration bands characteristic of the formation of the emeraldine salt in both products. Ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used for the polaronic band and the p-p* band determination. The absorption result served to estimate the average oxidation level of PANI by comparison of the ratio of the absorbance of the polaronic band to that of the π-π* transition. The absorbance ratio index was higher for PANI synthesized in a more acidic solution, which showed a higher doping level for this polymer. For final powder products, particle size distributions were also estimated, proving that PANI (5.0 M) is characterized by a larger number of small particles; however, these particles can more easily agglomerate and form larger structures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed an equilibrium between the amorphous and semicrystalline phase in the doped PANI. A higher electrical conductivity value was measured for polymer synthesized in a higher acid concentration. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis showed that the molecular composition of the polymers was the same; hence, the difference in properties was a result of local ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Golba
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-3497-523
| | - Magdalena Popczyk
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Seweryn Miga
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Justyna Jurek-Suliga
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Julian Kubisztal
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (M.P.); (S.M.); (J.J.-S.); (M.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Balin
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
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8
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Jang HJ, Park CS, Jung EY, Bae GT, Shin BJ, Tae HS. Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene and Aniline Copolymer Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets Copolymerization Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102225. [PMID: 32998239 PMCID: PMC7600435 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the properties of thiophene and aniline copolymer (TAC) films deposited by using atmospheric pressure plasma jets copolymerization technique relative to various blending ratios of aniline and thiophene monomer for synthesizing the donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy are utilized to measure the surface morphology, roughness and film thickness of TAC films. Structural and chemical properties of TAC films are investigated by Fourier transforms-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. FE-SEM images show that the film thickness and nanoparticles size of the TAC films increase with an addition thiophene monomer in the aniline monomer. FE-SEM, FT-IR results show that TAC films are successfully synthesized on glass substrates in all cases. The iodine doped TAC film on the Si substrate with interdigitated electrodes shows the lowest electrical resistance at blending condition of thiophene of 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Gyu Tae Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Bhum Jae Shin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6563
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9
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Activated carbon-Polyaniline composite active material slurry electrode for high capacitance, improved rheological performance electrochemical flow capacitor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Formation and behavior of negative ions in low pressure aniline-containing RF plasmas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10886. [PMID: 31350525 PMCID: PMC6659649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is focused on the formation mechanisms and the general behavior of negative ions in low pressure radio-frequency (RF) plasmas operated in a mixture of argon and aniline vapor. This type of plasma is mostly used for the synthesis of polyaniline, one of the most studied conductive polymers. Experiments based on mass spectroscopy measurements reveal the necessity to have a thin layer of plasma synthesized polyaniline on the electrodes to produce negative ions through complex surface reactions. In addition, thin-films deposited using this type of discharge are analyzed by means of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The material analysis gives a first indication about the possible contribution of negative ions to polyaniline deposition.
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Elmas S, Macdonald TJ, Skinner W, Andersson M, Nann T. Copper Metallopolymer Catalyst for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E110. [PMID: 30960095 PMCID: PMC6401685 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with stabilizing coordination units for single-site catalytic centers are excellent candidates to minimize the use of expensive noble metal electrode materials. In this study, conjugated metallopolymer, POS[Cu], was synthesized and fully characterized by means of spectroscopical, electrochemical, and photophysical methods. The copper metallopolymer was found to be highly active for the electrocatalytic hydrogen generation (HER) in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and overpotentials at 300 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Compared to the platinum electrode, the obtained overpotential is only 100 mV higher. The photoelectrochemical tests revealed that the complexation of the conjugated polymer POS turned its intrinsically electron-accepting (p-type) properties into an electron-donor (n-type) with photocurrent responses ten times higher than the organic photoelectrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - William Skinner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 595, Australia.
| | - Mats Andersson
- Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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12
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Elmas S, Beelders W, Pan X, Nann T. Conducting Copper(I/II)-Metallopolymer for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) with High Kinetic Current Density. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1002. [PMID: 30960927 PMCID: PMC6403769 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still the most research-intensive aspect of a fuel cell. The sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalysts toward the ORR requires large amounts of platinum to be used as cathode material, which calls for alternatives to replace or minimize the amount of the noble metals used. This study describes the synthesis and complete characterization of a copper metallopolymer (Cu MP) based on a conducting polymer (CP) and single-site catalytic centers for the electrocatalytic ORR. The copper (II) catalyst, embedded in a redox-active and conducting polymeric environment, was pursued as a potential candidate to replace noble metals in fuel cell applications. Performance studies at a rotating disk electrode (RDE) showed that the metallopolymer exhibited a direct four-electron reduction at potentials between -150 and -350 mV vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and high kinetic current densities of over 22.62 mA/cm². The kinetic current densities obtained at the Cu MP electrode outperformed most of the reported state-of-the art electrocatalysts toward the ORR. Further analysis of the Cu/CP hybrid revealed the copper being largely reduced to the oxidation state +I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wesley Beelders
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Xun Pan
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6420, New Zealand.
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13
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Park CS, Jung EY, Kim DH, Kim DY, Lee HK, Shin BJ, Lee DH, Tae HS. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Films Doped with and without Iodine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1272. [PMID: 29113129 PMCID: PMC5706219 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although polymerized aniline (polyaniline, PANI) with and without iodine (I₂) doping has already been extensively studied, little work has been done on the synthesis of PANI films using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) deposition. Therefore, this study characterized pure and I₂-doped PANI films synthesized using an advanced APP polymerization system. The I₂ doping was conducted ex-situ and using an I₂ chamber method following the APP deposition. The pure and I₂-doped PANI films were structurally analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) studies. When increasing the I₂ doping time, the plane and cross-sectional SEM images showed a decrease in the width and thickness of the PANI nanofibers, while the AFM results showed an increase in the roughness and grain size of the PANI films. Moreover, the FT-IR, XPS, and ToF-SIMS results showed an increase in the content of oxygen-containing functional groups and C=C double bonds, yet decrease in the C-N and C-H bonds when increasing the I₂ doping time due to the reduction of hydrogen in the PANI films via the I₂. To check the suitability of the conductive layer for polymer display applications, the resistance variations of the PANI films grown on the interdigitated electrode substrates were also examined according to the I₂ doping time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Sang Park
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Do Yeob Kim
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kun Lee
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Korea.
| | - Bhum Jae Shin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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14
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Roy SM, Rao NN, Herissan A, Colbeau-Justin C. Polyaniline film-based wireless photo reactor for hydrogen generation through exciton mediated proton reduction. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Tian J, Ma Q, Yu W, Dong X, Yang Y, Zhao B, Wang J, Liu G. An electrospun flexible Janus nanoribbon array endowed with simultaneously tuned trifunctionality of electrically conductive anisotropy, photoluminescence and magnetism. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A flexible Janus nanoribbon array endowed with simultaneously tuned trifunctionality of electrically conductive anisotropy, photoluminescence, and magnetism was fabricated by electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiangting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jinxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| |
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